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Nkuna R, Roopnarain A, Rashama C, Adeleke R. Insights into organic loading rates of anaerobic digestion for biogas production: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:487-507. [PMID: 34315294 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1942778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas production is affected by many factors that includes organic loading rate (OLR). This OLR appears to be closely linked to various other factors and understanding these linkages would therefore allow the sole use of OLR for process performance monitoring, control, as well as reactor design. This review's objective is to collate the various AD factor specific studies, then relate these factors' role in OLR fluctuations. By further analyzing the influence of OLR on the AD performance, it would then be possible, once all the other factors have been determined and fixed, to manage an AD plant by monitoring and controlling OLR only. Decisions on reactor design, process kinetics, biogas yield and process stability can then be made much more quickly and with minimal troubleshooting steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Nkuna
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council - Institute for Soil Climate and Water, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charles Rashama
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability, University of South Africa, Florida, South Africa
| | - Rasheed Adeleke
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Li Y, Hua D, Xu H, Jin F, Mu H, Zhao Y, Fang X. Acidogenic and methanogenic properties of corn straw silage: Regulation and microbial analysis of two-phase anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123180. [PMID: 32203869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Corn straw silage (CSS) is one of the organic solid residues available for biogas production. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility and optimal controlling strategy for anaerobic digestion (AD) of CSS. Four leaching bed reactors (LBR) were operated at different pH. Maximum volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration of 19.34 g/L was reached at pH 8.0 with acetic and propionic acids as dominant VFAs. The subsequent microbial analysis indicated that abundant bacteria were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. UASB as methanogenic reactor was integrated with the LBR. The organic loading rate (OLR) could reach 8 g COD/L·d with effective conversion of VFAs. Acetotrophic Methanosaeta and hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium played major roles in methanogenic process. In the whole process, the results showed that methane yield of 143.4 mL CH4/g volatile solid (VS) was obtained. pH and OLR controls in two-phase AD were feasible for methane production from CSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongliang Hua
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fuqiang Jin
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Mu
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhao
- Energy Research Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomass Gasification Technology, Jinan 250014, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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David A, Tripathi AK, Sani RK. Acetate Production from Cafeteria Wastes and Corn Stover Using a Thermophilic Anaerobic Consortium: A Prelude Study for the Use of Acetate for the Production of Value-Added Products. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E353. [PMID: 32131386 PMCID: PMC7143096 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and sustainable biochemical production using low-cost waste assumes considerable industrial and ecological importance. Solid organic wastes (SOWs) are inexpensive, abundantly available resources and their bioconversion to volatile fatty acids, especially acetate, aids in relieving the requirements of pure sugars for microbial biochemical productions in industries. Acetate production from SOW that utilizes the organic carbon of these wastes is used as an efficient solid waste reduction strategy if the environmental factors are optimized. This study screens and optimizes influential factors (physical and chemical) for acetate production by a thermophilic acetogenic consortium using two SOWs-cafeteria wastes and corn stover. The screening experiment revealed significant effects of temperature, bromoethane sulfonate, and shaking on acetate production. Temperature, medium pH, and C:N ratio were further optimized using statistical optimization with response surface methodology. The maximum acetate concentration of 8061 mg L-1 (>200% improvement) was achieved at temperature, pH, and C:N ratio of 60 °C, 6, 25, respectively, and acetate accounted for more than 85% of metabolites. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of using acetate-rich fermentate (obtained from SOWs) as a substrate for the growth of industrially relevant yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, which can convert acetate into higher-value biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi David
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (A.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Abhilash Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (A.D.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA; (A.D.); (A.K.T.)
- BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
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Wagner AO, Prem EM, Markt R, Kaufmann R, Illmer P. Formation of phenylacetic acid and phenylpropionic acid under different overload conditions during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:26. [PMID: 30787959 PMCID: PMC6368962 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substrate spectra for anaerobic digestion have been broadened in the past decade, inter alia, due to the application of different pretreatment strategies and now include materials rich in lignocellulose, protein, and/or fat. The application of these substrates, however, also entails risks regarding the formation of undesired by-products, among which phenolic compounds are known to accumulate under unfavorable digestion conditions. METHODS Different states of overload were simulated in batch experiments while reviewing the generation of phenyl acids out of different lab-use substrates in order to evaluate the impact on biogas and methane production as well as some additional process performance parameters under defined laboratory conditions. Investigations were conducted under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. RESULTS It could be shown that the tested input materials led to the formation of phenyl acids in a substrate-dependent manner with the formation itself being less temperature driven. Once formed, the formation of phenyl acids turned out to be a reversible process. CONCLUSIONS Although a mandatory negative impact of phenyl acids per se on the anaerobic digestion process in general and the methanogenesis process in particular could not be proven, phenyl acids, however, seem to play an important role in the microbial response to overloaded biogas systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Otto Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Prem
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Kaufmann
- Department of Ecology, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15/Technikerstraße 25/5, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Illmer
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25d, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Cibis KG, Gneipel A, König H. Isolation of acetic, propionic and butyric acid-forming bacteria from biogas plants. J Biotechnol 2016; 220:51-63. [PMID: 26779817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, acetic, propionic and butyric acid-forming bacteria were isolated from thermophilic and mesophilic biogas plants (BGP) located in Germany. The fermenters were fed with maize silage and cattle or swine manure. Furthermore, pressurized laboratory fermenters digesting maize silage were sampled. Enrichment cultures for the isolation of acid-forming bacteria were grown in minimal medium supplemented with one of the following carbon sources: Na(+)-dl-lactate, succinate, ethanol, glycerol, glucose or a mixture of amino acids. These substrates could be converted by the isolates to acetic, propionic or butyric acid. In total, 49 isolates were obtained, which belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Tenericutes or Thermotogae. According to 16S rRNA gene sequences, most isolates were related to Clostridium sporosphaeroides, Defluviitoga tunisiensis and Dendrosporobacter quercicolus. Acetic, propionic or butyric acid were produced in cultures of isolates affiliated to Bacillus thermoamylovorans, Clostridium aminovalericum, Clostridium cochlearium/Clostridium tetani, C. sporosphaeroides, D. quercicolus, Proteiniborus ethanoligenes, Selenomonas bovis and Tepidanaerobacter sp. Isolates related to Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum produced acetic, butyric and lactic acid, and isolates related to D. tunisiensis formed acetic acid. Specific primer sets targeting 16S rRNA gene sequences were designed and used for real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The isolates were physiologically characterized and their role in BGP discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gabriela Cibis
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research (IMW), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Armin Gneipel
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research (IMW), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helmut König
- Institute of Microbiology and Wine Research (IMW), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 15, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Yin D, Liu W, Zhai N, Feng Y, Yang G, Wang X, Han X. Production of Bio-Energy from Pig Manure: A Focus on the Dynamics Change of Four Parameters under Sunlight-Dark Conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126616. [PMID: 25970266 PMCID: PMC4430234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of sunlight-dark conditions on volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), total alkalinity (TA) and pH during pig manure (PM) digestion and then the subsequent influence on biogas yield of PM. PM1 and PM2 were performed in a transparent reactor and a non-transparent reactor, respectively. Two sets of experiments were conducted with a temperature of 35.0±2.0 °C and a total solid concentration of 8.0% to the digestion material. The dynamic change of the four parameters in response to sunlight-dark conditions resulted in variations of the physiological properties in the digester and affected the cumulative biogas production (CBP). PM1 obtained higher CBP (15020.0 mL) with a more stable pH and a lower TAN concentration (1414.5 mg/L) compared to PM2 (2675.0 mL and 1670.0 mg/L, respectively). The direct path coefficients and indirect path coefficients between the four parameters and CBP were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Forestry and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Zhai
- College of Agronomy and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Feng
- College of Agronomy and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaihe Yang
- College of Agronomy and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaojiao Wang
- College of Agronomy and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Han
- College of Agronomy and the Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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