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Islam MM, Saha S, Sahoo P, Mandal S. Endophytic Streptomyces sp. MSARE05 isolated from roots of Peanut plant produces a novel antimicrobial compound. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae051. [PMID: 38419296 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to isolate, endophytic Streptomyces sp. MSARE05 isolated from root of a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) inhibits the growth of other bacteria. The research focused on characterizing the strain and the antimicrobial compound. METHODS AND RESULTS The surface-sterilized peanut roots were used to isolate the endophytic bacterium Streptomyces sp. MSARE05. A small-scale fermentation was done to get the antimicrobial compound SM05 produced in highest amount in ISP-2 medium (pH 7) for 7 days at 30°C in shaking (180 rpm) condition. Extraction, purification, and chemical analysis of the antibacterial component revealed a novel class of antibiotics with a 485.54 Dalton molecular weight. The MIC was 0.4-0.8 µg ml-1 against the tested pathogens. It also inhibits multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and Mycobacterium with 0.8-3.2 µg ml-1 MIC. SM05 was found to disrupt cell membrane of target pathogen as evident by significant leakage of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids. It showed synergistic activity with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and kanamycin. CONCLUSIONS The new-class antimicrobial SM05 consisting naphthalene core moiety was effective against drug-resistant pathogens but non-cytotoxic to human cells. This study underscores the significance of endophytic Streptomyces as a source of innovative antibiotics, contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Majharul Islam
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Shrabani Saha
- The Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Siksha Bhavana, Santiniketan, Birbhum 731235, India
| | - Prithidipa Sahoo
- The Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Siksha Bhavana, Santiniketan, Birbhum 731235, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
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2
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Suchi SA, Nam KB, Kim YK, Tarek H, Yoo JC. A novel antimicrobial peptide YS12 isolated from Bacillus velezensis CBSYS12 exerts anti-biofilm properties against drug-resistant bacteria. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:813-828. [PMID: 36997801 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02864-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the abuse of antibiotics has led to the rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity have attracted considerable attention as possible alternatives to traditional antibiotics. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of an antimicrobial peptide designed as YS12 derived from Bacillus velezensis CBSYS12. The strain CBSYS12 was isolated from Korean food kimchi and purified followed by ultrafiltration and sequential chromatographic methodology. Hereafter, Tricine SDS-PAGE revealed a single protein band of around 3.3 kDa that was further confirmed in situ inhibitory activity of the gel. A similar molecular weight (~ 3348.4 Da) protein also appeared in MALDI-TOF confirming the purity and homogeneity of peptide YS12. Intriguingly, YS12 revealed a strong antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value ranging from 6 to 12 μg/ml for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli, P. aeruginosa, MRSA 4-5, VRE 82, and M. smegmatis. We also determined the mode of action of the peptide against pathogenic microorganisms using different fluorescent dyes. In addition, the anti-biofilm assay demonstrated that peptide YS12 was able to inhibit biofilm formation around 80% for both bacterial strains E. coli and P. aeruginosa at 80 µg/ml. Notably, YS12 exhibited a greater biofilm eradication activity than commercial antibiotics. In summary, our study proposed that peptide YS12 may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to overcome drug and biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzia Aktar Suchi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bin Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hasan Tarek
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Mohammed EH, Lohan S, Ghaffari T, Gupta S, Tiwari RK, Parang K. Membrane-Active Cyclic Amphiphilic Peptides: Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15819-15839. [PMID: 36442155 PMCID: PMC9743092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We designed a library of 24 cyclic peptides containing arginine (R) and tryptophan (W) residues in a sequential manner [RnWn] (n = 2-7) to study the impact of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, charge, and ring size on the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Among peptides, 5a and 6a demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity. In combination with 11 commercially available antibiotics, 5a and 6a showed remarkable synergism against a large panel of resistant pathogens. Hemolysis (HC50 = 340 μg/mL) and cell viability against mammalian cells demonstrated the selective lethal action of 5a against bacteria over mammalian cells. Calcein dye leakage and scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the membranolytic effect of 5a. Moreover, the stability in human plasma (t1/2 = 3 h) and the negligible ability of pathogens to develop resistance further reflect the potential of 5a for further development as a peptide-based antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H.
M. Mohammed
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia
University, Shebin
El-Koam51132, Egypt,AJK
Biopharmaceutical, Irvine, California92617, United States
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States,AJK
Biopharmaceutical, Irvine, California92617, United States
| | - Tarra Ghaffari
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States,. Fax: +1-714-516-548. Phone: +1-714-516-5483
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center
for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy,
Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California92618, United States,. Fax: +1-714-516-5481. Phone: +1-714-516-5489
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4
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Li Z, Liu R, Wang X, Wu H, Yi X, Huang L, Qin Q. Effects of melittin on laying performance and intestinal barrier function of quails. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102355. [PMID: 36502563 PMCID: PMC9763859 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effects of melittin on egg-laying performance and intestinal barrier of quails, 240 quails (aged 70 d) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates (10 quails per replicate). They were fed with basal diet (group B), basal diet + 0.08 g/kg melittin (group BA1), basal diet + 0.12 g/kg melittin (group BA2) and basal diet + 0.16 g/kg melittin (group BA3). The experiment lasted for 21 days. The eggs were collected every day. At the end of the experiment, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal tissues were collected, and the cecal contents were sampled. Intestinal antioxidant index, barrier function, and intestinal flora were analyzed. The results showed that the addition of melittin significantly increased the laying rate and average egg weight. Addition of melittin significantly increased the antioxidant function, mechanical barrier, immune barrier, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio of small intestine. Addition of melittin had no significant effect on the α and β diversity of cecal flora, but significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidales at family level and genus level. Bioinformatics analysis of cecal content showed significant increase in COG functional category of cytoskeleton, and significant decrease in RNA processing and modification in group BA2. KEGG functional analysis showed significant decrease in steroid biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, and cytochrome P450 pathways in group BA2. In conclusion, addition of 0.12 g/kg melittin to feed improved the laying performance and the intestinal antioxidant capacity and barrier function of quails but had no significant effect on the composition and structure of cecal microbial community. This study provides experimental data and theoretical basis for the application of melittin as a new quail feed additive.
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5
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Knowledgebase of potential multifaceted solutions to antimicrobial resistance. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 101:107772. [PMID: 36155273 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a top threat to global health, challenges preventive and treatment strategies of infections. AMR strains of microbial pathogens arise through multiple mechanisms. The underlying "antibiotic resistance genes" (ARGs) spread through various species by lateral gene transfer thereby causing global dissemination. Human methods also augment this process through inappropriate use, non-compliance to treatment schedule, and environmental waste. Worldwide significant efforts are being invested to discover novel therapeutic solutions for tackling resistant pathogens. Diverse therapeutic strategies have evolved over recent years. In this work we have developed a comprehensive knowledgebase by collecting alternative antimicrobial therapeutic strategies from literature data. Therapeutic strategies against bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites were extracted from PubMed literature using text mining. We have used a subjective (sentimental) approach for data mining new strategies, resulting in broad coverage of novel entities and subsequently add objective data like entity name (including IUPAC), potency, and safety information. The extracted data was organized in a freely accessible web platform, KOMBAT. The KOMBAT comprises 1104 Chemical compounds, 220 of newly identified antimicrobial peptides, 42 bacteriophages, 242 phytochemicals, 106 nanocomposites, and 94 novel entities for phototherapy. Entities tested and evaluated on AMR pathogens are included. We envision that this database will be useful for developing future therapeutics against AMR pathogens. The database can be accessed through http://kombat.igib.res.in/.
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Mohammed EHM, Lohan S, Tiwari RK, Parang K. Amphiphilic cyclic peptide [W 4KR 5]-Antibiotics combinations as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114278. [PMID: 35339840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Linear and cyclic amphiphilic peptides, (W4KR5) and [W4KR5], were evaluated as antibacterial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including four multi-drug resistant strains and the corresponding four non-resistant strains. Cyclic peptide [W4KR5] showed higher antibacterial activity than the linear (W4KR5) counterpart. Cyclic [W4KR5] was subjected to combination (physical mixture or covalent conjugation) with meropenem as a model antibiotic to study the impact of the combination on antimicrobial activity. A physical mixture of meropenem and [W4KR5] showed synergistic antibacterial activity against Gram-negative P. aeruginosa (ATCC BAA-1744) and P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27883) strains. [W4KR5] was further subjected to extensive antibacterial studies against additional 10 bacteria strains, showing significant antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria strains. Combinations studies of [W4KR5] with an additional 9 commercially available antibiotics showed significant enhancement in antibacterial activity for all tested combinations, especially with tetracycline, tobramycin, levofloxacin, clindamycin, daptomycin, polymyxin, kanamycin, and vancomycin. Time-kill kinetics assay and flow cytometry results exhibited that [W4KR5] had a time-dependent synergistic effect and membrane disruption property. These data indicate that [W4KR5] improves the antibacterial activity, presumably by facilitating the internalization of antibiotics and their interaction with the intracellular targets. This study introduces a potential strategy for treating multidrug-resistant pathogens by combining [W4KR5] and a variety of classical antibiotics to improve the antibacterial effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman H M Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koam, 51132, Egypt
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA.
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7
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Alternatives to Fight Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococci and Enterococci. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091116. [PMID: 34572698 PMCID: PMC8471638 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram positive pathogens are a significant cause of healthcare-associated infections, with Staphylococci and Enterococci being the most prevalent ones. Vancomycin, a last resort glycopeptide, is used to fight these bacteria but the emergence of resistance against this drug leaves some patients with few therapeutic options. To counter this issue, new generations of antibiotics have been developed but resistance has already been reported. In this article, we review the strategies in place or in development to counter vancomycin-resistant pathogens. First, an overview of traditional antimicrobials already on the market or in the preclinical or clinical pipeline used individually or in combination is summarized. The second part focuses on the non-traditional antimicrobials, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and nanoparticles. The conclusion is that there is hitherto no substitute equivalent to vancomycin. However, promising strategies based on drugs with multiple mechanisms of action and treatments based on bacteriophages possibly combined with conventional antibiotics are hoped to provide treatment options for vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
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8
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Bakare OO, Gokul A, Wu R, Niekerk LA, Klein A, Keyster M. Biomedical Relevance of Novel Anticancer Peptides in the Sensitive Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1120. [PMID: 34439786 PMCID: PMC8394746 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in cancer mortality and economic losses necessitates the cautious quest for therapeutic agents with compensatory advantages over conventional therapies. Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a subset of host defense peptides, also known as antimicrobial peptides, which have emerged as therapeutic and diagnostic candidates due to several compensatory advantages over the non-specificity of the current treatment regimens. This review aimed to highlight the ravaging incidence of cancer, the use of ACPs in cancer treatment with their mechanisms, ACP discovery and delivery methods, and the limitations for their use. This would create awareness for identifying more ACPs with better specificity, accuracy and sensitivity towards the disease. It would also promote their efficacious utilization in biotechnology, medical sciences and molecular biology to ease the severity of the disease and enable the patients living with these conditions to develop an accommodating lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Olanrewaju Bakare
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Arun Gokul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Qwaqwa Campus, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa;
| | - Ruomou Wu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Lee-Ann Niekerk
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (R.W.); (L.-A.N.)
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9
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Hernández-Aristizábal I, Ocampo-Ibáñez ID. Antimicrobial Peptides with Antibacterial Activity against Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains: Classification, Structures, and Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7927. [PMID: 34360692 PMCID: PMC8347216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bacteria resistant to conventional antibiotics is of great concern in modern medicine because it renders ineffectiveness of the current empirical antibiotic therapies. Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) strains represent a serious threat to global health due to their considerable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need of research and development of new antimicrobial alternatives against these bacteria. In this context, the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is considered a promising alternative therapeutic strategy to control resistant strains. Therefore, a wide number of natural, artificial, and synthetic AMPs have been evaluated against VRSA and VISA strains, with great potential for clinical application. In this regard, we aimed to present a comprehensive and systematic review of research findings on AMPs that have shown antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate resistant strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, discussing their classification and origin, physicochemical and structural characteristics, and possible action mechanisms. This is the first review that includes all peptides that have shown antibacterial activity against VRSA and VISA strains exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Darío Ocampo-Ibáñez
- Research Group of Microbiology, Industry and Environment, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760035, Colombia;
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Li Y, Jiang N, Zhang W, Lv Z, Liu J, Shi H. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens- 9 Reduces Somatic Cell Count and Modifies Fecal Microbiota in Lactating Goats. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080404. [PMID: 34436243 PMCID: PMC8400666 DOI: 10.3390/md19080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Subclinical mastitis is one of the major problems affecting dairy animals’ productivity and is classified based on milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Previous data showed that marine-derived Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GB-9) improved the immunity and the nonspecific immune defense system of the body. In this study, the potential role of GB-9 in improving subclinical mastitis was assessed with Radix Tetrastigmae (RT) as a positive control in subclinical mastitis Saanen dairy goats. The current data showed that GB-9 and RT significantly reduced the SCC in dairy goats. After being fed with GB-9 or RT, the decreased concentrations of malondialdehyde, IgA, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6 were observed. The amplicon sequencing analysis of fecal samples revealed that GB-9 significantly altered the bacterial community. Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were the major genera that respond to GB-9 feeding. The correlation analysis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed a MePink module was most associated with the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin and interleukin. The MePink module contained 89 OTUs. The feeding of GB-9 in decreasing the SCC was associated with the altered abundance of Bacteroides, which was correlated with the concentrations of immunoglobulins and chemokines. Collectively, the current data suggested that marine-derived GB-9 could be a helpful probiotic to control subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Nannan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China; (Y.L.); (N.J.); (W.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Baharudin MMAA, Ngalimat MS, Mohd Shariff F, Balia Yusof ZN, Karim M, Baharum SN, Sabri S. Antimicrobial activities of Bacillus velezensis strains isolated from stingless bee products against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251514. [PMID: 33974665 PMCID: PMC8112681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a continuous supply of antibiotics to combat the problem. In this study, bacteria initially identified as species belonging to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens operational group were re-identified based on the housekeeping gene, gyrB. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) from the strains were used for antimicrobial tests using the agar well diffusion assay against MRSA and various types of pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and physicochemical characteristics of the CFS were determined. Based on gyrB sequence analysis, five strains (PD9, B7, PU1, BP1 and L9) were identified as Bacillus velezensis. The CFS of all B. velezensis strains showed broad inhibitory activities against Gram-negative and -positive as well as MRSA strains. Strain PD9 against MRSA ATCC 33742 was chosen for further analysis as it showed the biggest zone of inhibition (21.0 ± 0.4 mm). The MIC and MBC values obtained were 125 μl/ml. The crude antimicrobial extract showed bactericidal activity and was stable at various temperatures (40–80°C), pH (4–12), surfactants (Tween 20, Tween 80, SDS and Triton X-100) and metal ions (MgCI2, NaCI2, ZnNO3 and CuSO4) when tested. However, the crude extract was not stable when treated with proteinase K. All these properties resembled the characteristics of peptides. The antimicrobial compound from the selected strain was purified by using solvent extraction method and silica gel column chromatography. The purified compound was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography which resulted in a single peak of the anti-MRSA compound being detected. The molecular weight of the anti-MRSA compound was determined by using SDS-PAGE and zymogram. The size of the purified antimicrobial peptide was approximately ~ 5 kDa. The antimicrobial peptide produced from B. velezensis strain PD9 is a promising alternative to combat the spread of MRSA infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Malik Al-adil Baharudin
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syazwan Ngalimat
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Murni Karim
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Synergistic antimicrobial activity of N-methyl substituted pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids and melittin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10465-10479. [PMID: 33175246 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical industry, the prodrug approaches and drug-drug conjugates are being now vastly used to optimize the efficacy of the drugs for multipurpose. The combination or conjugation of antimicrobials agents with natural antimicrobials may lead to better synergistic antimicrobial activity. Currently, many publications show the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as novel antimicrobials and even as active pharmaceutical ingredients. The current study showed the synthesis of novel pyrrolidinium-based ILs (Cx, x = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) and their antibacterial activity alone and in combination with antimicrobial peptide, melittin (MEL), against clinically relevant microorganism, E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of synthesized ILs was administered on HEK 293 cell line using MTT assay. The obtained results showed the dependency of antibacterial activity of ILs on alkyl chain length (C4 < C6 < C8 < C10 < C12). The remarkable improvement in the antibacterial efficiency of MEL was seen with ILs; however, antibacterial effect is more pronounced with IL having large alkyl chain length (C8, C10, and C12) at their minimal concentration with MEL to disrupt the cell membrane. In addition, the binding study and haemocompatibility results showed favourable biocompatibility and stability which could potentially improve its utility for the biomedical field. KEY POINTS: • The combination of melittin and pyrrolidinium-based ILs showed improved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus which may be used for developing new antibacterial agents. • Moreover, the cytotoxicity and haemocompatibility results showed excellent biocompatibility of the combinations on human cell line and human serum albumin, respectively, which could potentially improve its utility for the biomedical field.
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Khan MM, Kim YK, Bilkis T, Suh JW, Lee DY, Yoo JC. Reduction of Oxidative Stress through Activating the Nrf2 mediated HO-1 Antioxidant Efficacy Signaling Pathway by MS15, an Antimicrobial Peptide from Bacillus velezensis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100934. [PMID: 33003432 PMCID: PMC7601265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient culture and purification of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), along with intense antioxidant activity, have drawn the interest to study antioxidant activity mechanism. We report the culture conditions optimization, efficient biosynthesis, and purification of an antioxidant peptide MS15 from Bacillus velezensis obtained from fermented food that would generate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and lead to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation. We explored the ability of kinetics and potency for the bacterial killing to work against various pathogenic bacteria. A bioassay showed the lysis zone of MS15 by tricine SDS-PAGE near at 6 kDa. MALDI-TOF/MS verified molecular weight, and the existence of a molecular mass of 6091 Da was reported by purity. The MIC of MS15 ranged from 2.5-160 μg/mL for many pathogenic bacteria, showing greater potency. In macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, MS15 was exposed to assess its inhibitory effect against the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oxidative stress. In the sample treated group, the translation, and transcriptional levels of CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and SOD (superoxide dismutase) were significantly greater. In short, MS15 has significant antioxidant properties, reducing ROS production in RAW 264.7 cells, and raising the translation and transcriptional rates of antioxidant enzymes with stimulating HO-1 induction facilitated by Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maruf Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.K.)
| | - Tahmina Bilkis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea;
| | - Joo-Won Suh
- Center for Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Myongji-ro 116, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea;
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea;
| | - Jin Cheol Yoo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (M.M.K.); (Y.K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6380
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Khan F, Oloketuyi SF, Kim YM. Diversity of Bacteria and Bacterial Products as Antibiofilm and Antiquorum Sensing Drugs Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:1156-1179. [PMID: 31020938 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190423161249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches to inhibit biofilm formation as well as interfere quorum sensing (QS) signaling systems. The QS system is a phenomenon in which pathogenic bacteria produce signaling molecules that are involved in cell to cell communication, production of virulence factors, biofilm maturation, and several other functions. In the natural environment, several non-pathogenic bacteria are present as mixed population along with pathogenic bacteria and they control the behavior of microbial community by producing secondary metabolites. Similarly, non-pathogenic bacteria also take advantages of the QS signaling molecule as a sole carbon source for their growth through catabolism with enzymes. Several enzymes are produced by bacteria which disrupt the biofilm architecture by degrading the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) such as exopolysaccharide, extracellular- DNA and protein. Thus, the interference of QS system by bacterial metabolic products and enzymatic catalysis, modification of the QS signaling molecules as well as enzymatic disruption of biofilm architecture have been considered as the alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article elaborates on the diversity of different bacterial species with respect to their metabolic products as well as enzymes and their molecular modes of action. The bacterial enzymes and metabolic products will open new and promising perspectives for the development of strategies against the pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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15
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Danilova I, Sharipova M. The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32849401 PMCID: PMC7417770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Danilova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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16
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Response Surface Optimization of Culture Conditions for Cyclic Lipopeptide MS07 from Bacillus siamensis Reveals Diverse Insights Targeting Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to isolate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from microbial sources have been on the rise recently. Here, we report the identification, the optimization of the culture conditions, and the characterization of an efficient AMP from the Bacillus strain designated MS07 that exhibits antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The production of MS07 was maximized by evaluating the culture conditions by the response surface methodology to obtain optimum media compositions. The biochemical integrity of MS07 was assessed by a bioassay indicating inhibition at ~6 kDa, like tricine-SDS-PAGE. MALDI-TOF confirmed the molecular weight and purity, showing a molecular mass of 6.099 kDa. Peptide MS07 exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MIC of MS07 for Escherichia coli, Alcaligenes faecalis, MRSA, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranged from 16–32 µg/mL, demonstrating superior potency. The biomass was diminished by about 15% and 11%, with rising concentrations up to 8 × MIC, for P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilm, respectively. MS07 exhibited an 8 µM and 6 µM minimum bactericidal concentration against the biofilm of the Gram-negative strains P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively. Peptide MS07 reduced and interrupted the biofilm development in a concentration-dependent manner, as determined by BacLight live/dead staining using confocal microscopy.
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Regmi S, Choi YS, Kim YK, Khan MM, Lee SH, Cho SS, Jin YY, Lee DY, Yoo JC, Suh JW. Endoglucanase Produced by Bacillus subtilis Strain CBS31: Biochemical Characterization, Thermodynamic Study, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Bio-industrial Applications. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Zhang W, Wei L, Xu R, Lin G, Xin H, Lv Z, Qian H, Shi H. Evaluation of the Antibacterial Material Production in the Fermentation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 from Whitespotted Bamboo Shark ( Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020119. [PMID: 32085415 PMCID: PMC7073760 DOI: 10.3390/md18020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-9 (GBacillus-9), which is isolated from the intestinal tract of the white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum), can secrete potential antibacterial materials, such as β-1,3-1,4-glucanase and some antimicrobial peptides. However, the low fermentation production has hindered the development of GBacillus-9 as biological additives. In this study, the Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology were used to optimize the fermentation conditions in a shake flask to obtain a higher yield and antibacterial activity of GBacillus-9. On the basis of the data from medium screening, M9 medium was selected as the basic medium for fermentation. The data from the single-factor experiment showed that sucrose had the highest antibacterial activity among the 10 carbon sources. The Plackett–Burman design identified sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 as the major variables altering antibacterial activity. The optimal concentrations of these compounds to enhance antibacterial activity were assessed using the central composite design. Data showed that sucrose, NH4Cl, and MgSO4 had the highest antibacterial activities at concentrations of 64.8, 1.84, and 0.08 g L−1, respectively. The data also showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for the antibacterial material production of GBacillus-9 were as follows: Inoculum volume of 5%, initial pH of 7.0, temperature of 36 °C, rotating speed of 180 rpm, and fermentation time of 10 h. The optimal fermentation medium and conditions achieved to improve the yield of antibacterial materials for GBacillus-9 can enhance the process of developing biological additives derived from GBacillus-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guodong Lin
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huijie Xin
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hong Qian
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-1341 (H.S.)
| | - Hengbo Shi
- Zhejiang provincial key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence: (H.Q.); (H.S.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-1341 (H.S.)
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Shang D, Liu Y, Jiang F, Ji F, Wang H, Han X. Synergistic Antibacterial Activity of Designed Trp-Containing Antibacterial Peptides in Combination With Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2719. [PMID: 31824473 PMCID: PMC6886405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance among various bacterial strains is leading to worldwide resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. Combination therapy involving current antibiotics and other biological or chemical molecules represents an attractive novel strategy. In this study, we investigated the synergistic antibacterial activity of a series of Trp-containing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with four classes of traditional chemical antibiotics that are inactive against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) in vitro and in vivo. Among the antibiotics that we studied, penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin showed a distinct synergistic effect in combination with all of the Trp-containing AMPs, represented by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of <0.5. The antibacterial activities were noticeably improved, with 32-to 64-fold reductions in the MIC values for ampicillin and 16- to 32-fold reductions in the MIC values for erythromycin and penicillin. Tetracycline showed synergistic activity with only I1WL5W but additive activity with L11W, L12W, and I4WL5W. Ceftazidime exhibited additive activity with the Trp-containing peptides. In addition, the antibiotics in combination with the peptide significantly inhibited biofilm formation by MRSE 1208. A mechanistic study demonstrated that the Trp-containing peptides, especially I1WL5W and I4WL5W, which contain two tryptophan residues, disrupted bacterial inner and outer membranes, which promoted antibiotic delivery into the cytoplasm and access to cytoplasmic targets; however, L11W and L12W may have increased intracellular antibiotic concentrations by decreasing blaZ, tet(m) and msrA expression. Importantly, strong synergistic activity against the MRSE 1208 strain was observed for the combination of I1WL5W and penicillin in a mouse infection model. Thus, the combination of AMPs and traditional antibiotics could be a promising option for the prevention of acute and chronic infections caused by MRSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.,Clinical Laboratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyu Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Industrial attributes of β-glucanase produced by Bacillus sp. CSB55 and its potential application as bio-industrial catalyst. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:249-259. [PMID: 31555900 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst supporting the spontaneous formation of the products, high hydrolytic efficiency, and feasibility of the enzymatic reaction. A homogeneous β-glucanase (GluB55) was purified via various purification processes resulting in 11.69% yield and 14.24-fold purity. Biochemical characterization of the purified enzyme revealed the molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa, which was verified by zymography. The optimum activity of GluB55 was determined at pH 7.2 and 55 °C. GluB55 could highly hydrolyze carboxymethylcellulose and was stable over a wide range of pH, retaining more than 70% residual activity at pH 5.8-11.0 and carried 100% thermostability as high as 60 °C. In addition, it showed 68% residual activity at 70 °C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of GluB55 was Ala-Asn-Pro-Glu-Leu-Val-Asn-X-Gln-Ala-X-X-Ala-X-Gln-Gly. The enzyme activity was stimulated by Co2+ (158.6%), Zn2+ (211.1%), Mn2+ (264.4%), and Ba2+ (211.4%). Enzyme kinetics showed Km and Vmax values of 0.022 mg mL-1 and 994.56 ± 3.72 U mg-1, respectively. Q10 was calculated to be 1.12. ∆H, ∆G, and ∆S were low revealing that the formation of the transition phase and conversion to the product is very well organized. The lower the free energy change (∆G), the more feasible is the reaction.
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Two novel cationic antifungal peptides isolated from Bacillus pumilus HN-10 and their inhibitory activity against Trichothecium roseum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:21. [PMID: 29302801 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Public concern for food safety and environmental issues and the increase in fungicide-resistant pathogen have enhanced the interest in developing alternative methods to fungicides to control postharvest fruit decay. In this study, a bacterial strain isolated from stale potato vermicelli was identified as Bacillus pumilus HN-10 based on morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Furthermore, two novel cationic antifungal peptides named P-1 and P-2 were purified from B. pumilus HN-10 using macroporous adsorbent resin AB-8, Sephadex G-100 chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary structure of P-1 and P-2, which were proved to be novel antifungal peptides by BLAST search in NCBI database, was PLSSPATLNSR and GGSGGGSSGGSIGGR with a molecular weight of 1142.28 and 1149.14 Da, respectively, as indicated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Both P-1 and P-2 exhibited strong antifungal activity against Trichothecium roseum with minimum inhibitory concentrations starting from 1 μg/mL. The two novel antifungal peptides were stable below 80 °C for 2 h, but lost their activity in 15 min at 121 °C. In addition, they were resistant to the proteolytic action of pepsin, trypsin, and papain, and stable within a wide range of pH (2.0-12.0). These results showed that P-1 and P-2 are novel cationic antifungal peptides with specific activity against T. roseum.
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The heterologous expression strategies of antimicrobial peptides in microbial systems. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 140:52-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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