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Liu X, Yin F, Zhu Z, Hou D, Wang J, Zhang L, Wang M, Wang H, Hu Z, Deng F. Genomic sequencing and analysis of Sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110023. [PMID: 25329074 PMCID: PMC4201490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of Sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus (SujuNPV) was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. The SujuNPV genome was 135,952 bp in length with an A+T content of 61.34%. It contained 131 putative open reading frames (ORFs) covering 87.9% of the genome. Among these ORFs, 37 were conserved in all baculovirus genomes that have been completely sequenced, 24 were conserved in lepidopteran baculoviruses, 65 were found in other baculoviruses, and 5 were unique to the SujuNPV genome. Seven homologous regions (hrs) were identified in the SujuNPV genome. SujuNPV contained several genes that were duplicated or copied multiple times: two copies of helicase, DNA binding protein gene (dbp), p26 and cg30, three copies of the inhibitor of the apoptosis gene (iap), and four copies of the baculovirus repeated ORF (bro). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that SujuNPV belongs to a subclade of group II alphabaculovirus, which differs from other baculoviruses in that all nine members of this subclade contain a second copy of dbp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feifei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dianhai Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Virus Resource and Bioinformatics Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Transmission of a Gammabaculovirus within Cohorts of Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Larvae. INSECTS 2012; 3:989-1000. [PMID: 26466722 PMCID: PMC4553559 DOI: 10.3390/insects3040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV: Gammabaculovirus: Baculoviridae) of diprionid sawflies (Diprionidae: Hymenoptera) are highly host specific and only infect the midgut epithelium. While still alive, infected sawfly larvae excrete NPV-laden diarrhea that contaminates food sources. The diarrhea can then be consumed by conspecific larvae, resulting in rapid horizontal transmission of the virus. To better understand the efficacy of Gammabaculovirus-based biological control products, the horizontal spread of such a virus (NeabNPV) within cohorts of balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) larvae was studied by introducing NeabNPV-treated larvae into single-cohort groups at densities similar to those observed during the increasing (field study) and peak (laboratory study) phases of an outbreak. In field studies (~200 N. abietis larvae/m² of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) foliage), NeabNPV-induced mortality increased positively in a density-dependent manner, from 23% (in control groups) to 51% with the addition of one first-instar NeabNPV-treated larva, to 84% with 10 first-instar-treated larvae. Mortality was 60% and 63% when one or 10 NeabNPV-treated third-instar larva(e), respectively, were introduced into groups. Slightly higher levels of NeabNPV-induced mortality occurring when NeabNPV-treated larvae were introduced into first- rather than third-instar cohorts suggests that early instars are more susceptible to the virus. In the laboratory (~1330 N. abietis larvae/ m² of foliage), NeabNPV-caused mortality increased from 20% in control groups to over 80% with the introduction of one, five or 10 NeabNPV-treated larvae into treatment groups of first-instar larvae.
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Graves R, Lucarotti CJ, Quiring DT. Spread of a Gammabaculovirus within Larval Populations of Its Natural Balsam Fir Sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) Host Following Its Aerial Application. INSECTS 2012; 3:912-29. [PMID: 26466719 PMCID: PMC4553556 DOI: 10.3390/insects3040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Field trials and assessments of the balsam fir sawfly (Neodiprion abietis) nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeabNPV: Baculoviridae, Gammabaculovirus) against its natural host were conducted in July and August 2002 near Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, in naturally regenerated, precommercially thinned stands dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea). Two experimental blocks, each with its own untreated control, were established. The purpose of the Island Pond block was to examine the spread of NeabNPV from a 313-ha aerial treatment block out into adjacent populations of balsam fir sawflies. The purpose of the Old Man's Pond block (2,093 ha) was to determine whether NeabNPV could disperse into populations of balsam fir sawflies within a 200-m zone between spray swaths. NeabNPV was applied to treatment blocks by a Cessna 188B AgTruck aircraft equipped with MicronAir AU4000 rotary atomizers at an application rate equivalent to 1 × 10⁸ NeabNPV occlusion bodies/ha in 2.5 L of 20% aqueous molasses. At Island Pond, NeabNPV infection increased with time following the spray, especially for individuals close to the treatment block, and infection rate decreased to a measured distance of 400 m from the treatment block. At Old Man's Pond, NeabNPV infection rose higher (80% vs. 15%) and sawfly densities declined more (84% vs. 60%) in the area between spray swaths than in the control block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Graves
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, The University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Christopher J Lucarotti
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, The University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3C 2G6, Canada.
| | - Dan T Quiring
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, The University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5A3, Canada.
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