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Ma X, Sheng Z, Huang B, Qi L, Li Y, Yu K, Liu C, Qin Z, Wang D, Song M, Li F. Molecular Evolution and Genetic Analysis of the Major Capsid Protein VP1 of Duck Hepatitis A Viruses: Implications for Antigenic Stability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132982. [PMID: 26173145 PMCID: PMC4501807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), a member of the family Picornaviridae, is the major cause of outbreaks with high mortality rates in young ducklings. It has three distinctive serotypes and among them, serotypes 1 (DHAV-1) and 3 (DHAV-3) were recognized in China. To investigate evolutionary and antigenic properties of the major capsid protein VP1 of these two serotypes, a primary target of neutralizing antibodies, we determined the VP1 coding sequences of 19 DHAV-1 (spanning 2000-2012) and 11 DHAV-3 isolates (spanning 2008-2014) associated with disease outbreaks. By bioinformatics analysis of VP1 sequences of these isolates and other DHAV strains reported previously, we demonstrated that DHAV-1 viruses evolved into two genetic lineages, while DHAV-3 viruses exhibited three distinct lineages. The rate of nucleotide substitution for DHAV-1 VP1 genes was estimated to be 5.57 x 10-4 per site per year, which was about one-third times slower than that for DHAV-3 VP1 genes. The population dynamics analysis showed an upward trend for infection of DHAV-1 viruses over time with little change observed for DHAV-3 viruses. Antigenic study of representative DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 strains covering all observed major lineages revealed no detectable changes in viral neutralization properties within the serotype, despite the lack of cross-neutralization between serotypes 1 and 3 strains. Structural analysis identified VP1 mutations in DHAV-1 and DHAV-3 viruses that underpin the observed antigenic phenotypes. Results of our experiments described here shall give novel insights into evolution and antigenicity of duck picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Ma
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, United States of America
| | - Bing Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States of America
| | - Lihong Qi
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Kexiang Yu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Cunxia Liu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Zhuoming Qin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States of America
| | - Minxun Song
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
- * E-mail: (FL); (MS)
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Jiaoxiao road, Jinan, Shandong, 250023, China
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States of America
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FL); (MS)
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Li C, Chen Z, Meng C, Li L, Liu G. High yield expression of duck hepatitis A virus VP1 protein in Escherichia coli, and production and characterization of polyclonal antibody. J Virol Methods 2013; 191:69-75. [PMID: 23583731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
VP1 protein, the capsid protein of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV), contains critical epitopes for inducing a protective immune response. Due to its low-level expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli), the function of this protein is poorly characterized. In this study, a codon-optimized VP1 gene was chemically synthesized in terms of the codon usage bias in E. coli and subcloned into pET32a (+) to increase its expression. The recombinant VP1 fusion protein was purified from inclusion body by Ni(2+) affinity chromatography His-Bind Resin and used to raise the rabbit anti-DHAV-VP1 polyclonal antibody. The expression of the codon-optimized VP1 gene in E. coli was significantly increased when compared to the wild-type VP1 gene, having an at least 17-fold increase. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein was recognized by the rabbit anti-DHAV polyclonal antibody. Western blot also demonstrated that the rabbit anti-DHAV-VP1 polyclonal antibody could recognize the purified VP1 fusion protein specifically, and in the indirect immunofluorescent assays (IFA), the antibody was able to probe the VP1 protein in DHAV-1 infected cells. In conclusion, codon optimization increased dramatically DHAV VP1 expression in E. coli and the His-tagged VP1 fusion protein showed good antigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Yun T, Ni Z, Liu G, Yu B, Chen L, Huang J, Zhang Y, Chen J. Generation of infectious and pathogenic duck hepatitis virus type 1 from cloned full-length cDNA. Virus Res 2010; 147:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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