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Sivro A, Schuetz A, Sheward D, Joag V, Yegorov S, Liebenberg LJ, Yende-Zuma N, Stalker A, Mwatelah RS, Selhorst P, Garrett N, Samsunder N, Balgobin A, Nawaz F, Cicala C, Arthos J, Fauci AS, Anzala AO, Kimani J, Bagaya BS, Kiwanuka N, Williamson C, Kaul R, Passmore JAS, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Ansari A, Abdool Karim Q, Abdool Karim SS, McKinnon LR. Integrin α 4β 7 expression on peripheral blood CD4 + T cells predicts HIV acquisition and disease progression outcomes. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/425/eaam6354. [PMID: 29367348 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is central to HIV pathogenesis, and the integrin α4β7 promotes the homing of immune cells to this site, including those that serve as viral targets. Data from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) animal models suggest that α4β7 blockade provides prophylactic and therapeutic benefits. We show that pre-HIV infection frequencies of α4β7+ peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, independent of other T cell phenotypes and genital inflammation, were associated with increased rates of HIV acquisition in South African women. A similar acquisition effect was observed in a Kenyan cohort and in nonhuman primates (NHPs) after intravaginal SIV challenge. This association was stronger when infection was caused by HIV strains containing V2 envelope motifs with a preference for α4β7 binding. In addition, pre-HIV α4β7+ CD4+ T cells predicted a higher set-point viral load and a greater than twofold increased rate of CD4+ T cell decline. These results were confirmed in SIV-infected NHPs. Increased frequencies of pre-HIV α4β7+ CD4+ T cells were also associated with higher postinfection expression of lipopolysaccharide binding protein, a microbial translocation marker, suggestive of more extensive gut damage. CD4+ T cells expressing α4β7 were rapidly depleted very early in HIV infection, particularly from the GI mucosa, and were not restored by early antiretroviral therapy. This study provides a link between α4β7 expression and HIV clinical outcomes in humans, in line with observations made in NHPs. Given the availability of a clinically approved anti-α4β7 monoclonal antibody for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, these data support further evaluation of targeting α4β7 integrin as a clinical intervention during HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Sivro
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.,U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute, Silver Spring, MD 20817, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Daniel Sheward
- Division of Medical Virology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergey Yegorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lenine J Liebenberg
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Andrew Stalker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ruth S Mwatelah
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Philippe Selhorst
- Division of Medical Virology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Natasha Samsunder
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Anisha Balgobin
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Fatima Nawaz
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9806, USA
| | - Claudia Cicala
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9806, USA
| | - James Arthos
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9806, USA
| | - Anthony S Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9806, USA
| | - Aggrey Omu Anzala
- Kenyan AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi 00202, Kenya.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Bernard S Bagaya
- Uganda Virus Research Institute-International AIDS Vaccine Initiative HIV Vaccine Program, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Noah Kiwanuka
- Uganda Virus Research Institute-International AIDS Vaccine Initiative HIV Vaccine Program, Plot 51-59, Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Uganda.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Carolyn Williamson
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Rupert Kaul
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G IL7, Canada
| | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Cape Town 8005, South Africa
| | - Nittaya Phanuphak
- South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV (SEARCH), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute, Silver Spring, MD 20817, USA.,South East Asia Research Collaboration in HIV (SEARCH), The Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,University of Amsterdam, 1000 GG Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aftab Ansari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Quarraisha Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lyle R McKinnon
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban 4013, South Africa.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
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Burnie J, Guzzo C. The Incorporation of Host Proteins into the External HIV-1 Envelope. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010085. [PMID: 30669528 PMCID: PMC6356245 DOI: 10.3390/v11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of biologically active host proteins into HIV-1 is a well-established phenomenon, particularly due to the budding mechanism of viral egress in which viruses acquire their external lipid membrane directly from the host cell. While this mechanism might seemingly imply that host protein incorporation is a passive uptake of all cellular antigens associated with the plasma membrane at the site of budding, this is not the case. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that host protein incorporation can be a selective and conserved process. We discuss how HIV-1 virions displaying host proteins on their surface can exhibit a myriad of altered phenotypes, with notable impacts on infectivity, homing, neutralization, and pathogenesis. This review describes the canonical and emerging methods to detect host protein incorporation, highlights the well-established host proteins that have been identified on HIV-1 virions, and reflects on the role of these incorporated proteins in viral pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Despite many advances in HIV treatment and prevention, there remains a global effort to develop increasingly effective anti-HIV therapies. Given the broad range of biologically active host proteins acquired on the surface of HIV-1, additional studies on the mechanisms and impacts of these incorporated host proteins may inform the development of novel treatments and vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Burnie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Christina Guzzo
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Peachman KK, Karasavvas N, Chenine AL, McLinden R, Rerks-Ngarm S, Jaranit K, Nitayaphan S, Pitisuttithum P, Tovanabutra S, Zolla-Pazner S, Michael NL, Kim JH, Alving CR, Rao M. Identification of New Regions in HIV-1 gp120 Variable 2 and 3 Loops that Bind to α4β7 Integrin Receptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143895. [PMID: 26625359 PMCID: PMC4666614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut mucosal homing integrin receptor α4β7 present on activated CD4+ T cells interacts with the HIV-1 gp120 second variable loop (V2). Case control analysis of the RV144 phase III vaccine trial demonstrated that plasma IgG binding antibodies specific to scaffolded proteins expressing the first and second variable regions (V1V2) of HIV envelope protein gp120 containing the α4β7 binding motif correlated inversely with risk of infection. Subsequently antibodies to the V3 region were also shown to correlate with protection. The integrin receptor α4β7 was shown to interact with the LDI/V motif on V2 loop but recent studies suggest that additional regions of V2 loop could interact with the α4β7. Thus, there may be several regions on the V2 and possibly V3 loops that may be involved in this binding. Using a cell line, that constitutively expressed α4β7 receptors but lacked CD4, we examined the contribution of V2 and V3 loops and the ability of V2 peptide-, V2 integrin-, V3-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and purified IgG from RV144 vaccinees to block the V2/V3-α4β7 interaction. Results We demonstrate that α4β7 on RPMI8866 cells bound specifically to its natural ligand mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) as well as to cyclic-V2 and cyclic-V3 peptides. This binding was inhibited by anti-α4β7-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) ACT-1, mAbs specific to either V2 or V3 loops, and by purified primary virions or infectious molecular clones expressing envelopes from acute or chronic subtypes A, C, and CRF01_AE viruses. Plasma from HIV-1 infected Thai individuals as well as purified IgG from uninfected RV144 vaccinees inhibited (0–50%) the binding of V2 and V3 peptides to α4β7. Conclusion Our results indicate that in addition to the tripeptide LDI/V motif, other regions of the V2 and V3 loops of gp120 were involved in binding to α4β7 receptors and this interaction was blocked by anti-V2 peptide, anti-V2 integrin, and anti-V3 antibodies. The ability of purified IgG from some of the uninfected RV144 vaccinees to inhibit α4β7 raises the hypothesis that anti-V2 and anti-V3 antibodies may play a role in blocking the gp120-α4β7 interaction after vaccination and thus prevent HIV-1 acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K. Peachman
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nicos Karasavvas
- United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Agnes-Laurence Chenine
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert McLinden
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | | | | | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Royal Thai Army, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Veterans Administration New York Harbor Health Care System and NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Carl R. Alving
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
| | - Mangala Rao
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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