1
|
Cao LM, Zhong NN, Chen Y, Li ZZ, Wang GR, Xiao Y, Liu XH, Jia J, Liu B, Bu LL. Less is more: Exploring neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a de-escalation strategy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217095. [PMID: 38964728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) constitutes a significant global cancer burden, given its high prevalence and associated mortality. Despite substantial progress in survival rates due to the enhanced multidisciplinary approach to treatment, these methods often lead to severe tissue damage, compromised function, and potential toxicity. Thus, there is an imperative need for novel, effective, and minimally damaging treatment modalities. Neoadjuvant treatment, an emerging therapeutic strategy, is designed to reduce tumor size and curtail distant metastasis prior to definitive intervention. Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has optimized the treatment approach for a subset of HNSCC patients, yet it has not produced a noticeable enhancement in overall survival (OS). In the contemporary cancer therapeutics landscape, immunotherapy is gaining traction at an accelerated pace. Notably, neoadjuvant immunotherapy (NAIT) has shown promising radiological and pathological responses, coupled with encouraging efficacy in several clinical trials. This potentially paves the way for a myriad of possibilities in treatment de-escalation of HNSCC, which warrants further exploration. This paper reviews the existing strategies and efficacies of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), along with potential de-escalation strategies. Furthermore, the challenges encountered in the context of the de-escalation strategies of NAIT are explored. The aim is to inform future research directions that strive to improve the quality of life (QoL) for patients battling HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Nian-Nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zi-Zhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guang-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xuan-Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Somatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Head Neck Oncology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thymosin β4 induces proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Amino Acids 2015; 48:117-27. [PMID: 26276576 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a vital role in carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis of many epithelial tumors including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a common malignancy of the head and neck. However, the functional role of the actin-sequestering protein thymosin β4 (Tβ4) in the EMT in OSCCs remains unclear. Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs. Also, we examined whether it affects invasiveness and cell motility-associated signaling molecules. Tβ4-overexpressing OSCCs, SCC-15_Tβ4 and SCC-25_Tβ4, enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation. In addition, we observed that Tβ4 overexpression induced an EMT-like phenotype, accompanied by a decrease in expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and an increase in expression of mesenchymal cell markers vimentin and N-cadherin. Also, the expression level of Twist1, an EMT-inducing transcription factor, was significantly enhanced in SCC-15_Tβ4 and SCC-25_Tβ4 cells. Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1. Taken together, these results suggest that Tβ4 overexpression could be one of the causes of tumorigenesis and progression in OSCCs. Further investigation on the Tβ4 molecule would encourage the development of specific targets for cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Zhou X, Wang B, Zhang K, Liu S, Yue K, Zhang L, Wang X. Loss of VHL expression contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:809-17. [PMID: 24998140 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene expression has been implicated in the development of human cancers. However, its function in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains undefined. The aim of this study was to clarify the VHL expression in OSCC and to explore the underlying mechanisms of VHL in modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of VHL, HIF-1α and EMT related proteins in OSCC tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of VHL with clinico-pathological characteristics, prognosis and EMT related proteins were analyzed. The roles of VHL on the cell morphology, proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT, scratch and transwell invasion assay in Tscca and Tca8113P160 cells. The EMT related proteins were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) methods. RESULTS Loss of VHL expression was closely associated with pathologic grading, lymph node metastasis, poor prognosis, and EMT in OSCC. After re-expression of VHL, there was a cell morphologic change and motivation, proliferation, invasion of the cells were inhibited. The expression of Snail, N-cadherin and MMP-2/9, HIF-1α and VEGF were down-regulated in both the cell lines after transfection with VHL plasmid, while E-cadherin was up-regulated. Moreover, the effect of VHL suppressing β-catenin accumulation in nucleus was proved by Western blot and IF. CONCLUSION VHL was significantly correlated with EMT process of OSCC. β-Catenin was an important downstream gene of VHL besides HIF-1α, which could induce the EMT process in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Laboratory of Neuro-oncology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yanamoto S, Yamada SI, Takahashi H, Naruse T, Matsushita Y, Ikeda H, Shiraishi T, Seki S, Fujita S, Ikeda T, Asahina I, Umeda M. Expression of the cancer stem cell markers CD44v6 and ABCG2 in tongue cancer: effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on local recurrence. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1153-62. [PMID: 24504189 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is controversial, and no report supports NAC with a high evidence level. Recently, we showed that a deep surgical margin was resected very close to the tumor site in many NAC-treated oral squamous cell carcinoma patients, suggesting that NAC may lead to local recurrence and poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NAC on tumor local recurrence using cancer stem cell marker immunohistochemistry. We retrospectively analyzed 89 patients who underwent radical surgery for tongue cancer, and examined the effect of NAC on tumor local recurrence. Cancer stem cell marker (CD44v6 and ABCG2) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. In our study, the local recurrence rate was 12.4%. CD44v6 and ABCG2 expression was significantly associated with regional lymph node metastasis, pattern of invasion, depth of invasion, perineural invasion and local recurrence, respectively. Tumor local recurrence was a significant independent predictive factor of the 5-year disease specific survival. CD44v6 or ABCG2 positivity in NAC-treated patients was significantly associated with tumor local recurrence. It was suggested that local recurrence in NAC-treated cases is associated with cancer stem-like cells. We propose that NAC leads to the selection and/or residue of more aggressive cancer stem-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Naruse
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hisazumi Ikeda
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shiraishi
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Sachiko Seki
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujita
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yanamoto S, Yamada SI, Takahashi H, Kawasaki G, Ikeda H, Shiraishi T, Fujita S, Ikeda T, Asahina I, Umeda M. Predictors of locoregional recurrence in T1-2N0 tongue cancer patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 19:795-803. [PMID: 23677778 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Locoregional recurrence of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has been considered a poor prognostic entity in terms of survival rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of locoregional recurrence and to identify significant risk factors for locoregional recurrence in early-stage OTSCC. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 58 patients who underwent radical surgery for T1-2N0 OTSCC. The local recurrence and regional recurrence rates were 10.3 % (6/58 patients) and 15.5 % (9/58 patients) in this study, respectively. The survival rate of patients with local recurrence was 66.7 %, which was significantly lower than that (96.2 %) of patients without local recurrence, whereas the survival rates of patients with or without regional recurrence were not significantly difference. Pattern of invasion (POI), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the status of the surgical margin were identified as factors influencing local recurrence. In particular, the status of the deep surgical margin was a high potential independent risk factor. The deep surgical margin was resected closely in many NAC-treated cases, suggesting that NAC may lead to local recurrence and a poor outcome. No efficacy of NAC was observed, suggesting that the standard treatment for early OTSCC is surgery alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souichi Yanamoto
- Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yanamoto S, Yamada S, Takahashi H, Yoshitomi I, Kawasaki G, Ikeda H, Minamizato T, Shiraishi T, Fujita S, Ikeda T, Asahina I, Umeda M. Clinicopathological risk factors for local recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|