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Zhu Y, Tang Y, Huang L, Nguyen M, Liu Y, Robert A, Meunier B. The Specific Copper(II) Chelator TDMQ20 Is Efficient for the Treatment of Wilson's Disease in Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2719. [PMID: 38140060 PMCID: PMC10747306 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In patients with Wilson's disease, the deficiency of the copper carrier ATP7B causes the accumulation of copper in the liver, brain and various other organs. Lifelong treatment is therefore mandatory, using copper chelators to increase the excretion of copper and to avoid life-threatening damage. The clinically used reference drug, D-penicillamine, exhibit numerous adverse effects, especially a frequent severe and irreversible neurological worsening, mainly due to its lack of metal selectivity; (2) Methods: A new tetradentate ligand based on an 8-aminoquinoline entity, named TDMQ20, which is highly selective for copper compared with other metal ions, is evaluated in "toxic milk" TX mice as an oral treatment of this Wilson's disease murine model; (3) Results: The concentration of copper in the liver of "toxic milk" TX mice decreased and the fecal excretion of copper increased upon oral treatment with TDMQ20. Both effects are dose-dependent, and more pronounced than those of D-penicillamine; (4) Conclusions: The TDMQ20 copper chelator is more efficient than the reference drug D-penicillamine for the treatment of a Wilson's disease murine model. Pharmacological data obtained with TDMQ20 on the TX mouse model strongly support the selection of this ligand as a drug candidate for this genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Lan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Michel Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (L.H.)
| | - Anne Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Bernard Meunier
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT), Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.T.); (L.H.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, Inserm ERL 1289, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077 Toulouse, France; (M.N.); (A.R.)
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Uehara T, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. The DEN and CCl 4 -Induced Mouse Model of Fibrosis and Inflammation-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e211. [PMID: 34370903 PMCID: PMC8744072 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops most often as a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although most human studies of HCC provide crucial insights into the molecular signatures of HCC, they seldom address its etiology. Mouse models provide essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of HCC, but the majority of rodent cancer models do not feature liver fibrosis. Detailed here is a protocol for an experimental mouse model of HCC that arises in association with advanced liver fibrosis. The disease model is induced by a single injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) at 2 weeks of age followed by repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) from 8 weeks of age for up to 14 consecutive weeks. A dramatic potentiation of liver tumor incidence is observed following administration of DEN and CCl4 , with 100% of mice developing liver tumors at 5 months of age. This model has been employed for studying the molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis and HCC development, as well as for cancer hazard/chemotherapy testing of drug candidates. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: The DEN and CCl4 -induced mouse model of fibrosis and inflammation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Uehara
- Strategic Development Department, Shionogi & Co., Osaka, Japan
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Girolami I, Parwani A, Barresi V, Marletta S, Ammendola S, Stefanizzi L, Novelli L, Capitanio A, Brunelli M, Pantanowitz L, Eccher A. The Landscape of Digital Pathology in Transplantation: From the Beginning to the Virtual E-Slide. J Pathol Inform 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 31367473 PMCID: PMC6639852 DOI: 10.4103/jpi.jpi_27_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Digital pathology has progressed over the last two decades, with many clinical and nonclinical applications. Transplantation pathology is a highly specialized field in which the majority of practicing pathologists do not have sufficient expertise to handle critical needs. In this context, digital pathology has proven to be useful as it allows for timely access to expert second-opinion teleconsultation. The aim of this study was to review the experience of the application of digital pathology to the field of transplantation. Methods Papers on this topic were retrieved using PubMed as a search engine. Inclusion criteria were the presence of transplantation setting and the use of any type of digital image with or without the use of image analysis tools; the search was restricted to English language papers published in the 25 years until December 31, 2018. Results Literature regarding digital transplant pathology is mostly about the digital interpretation of posttransplant biopsies (75 vs. 19), with 15/75 (20%) articles focusing on agreement/reproducibility. Several papers concentrated on the correlation between biopsy features assessed by digital image analysis (DIA) and clinical outcome (45/75, 60%). Whole-slide imaging (WSI) only appeared in recent publications, starting from 2011 (13/75, 17.3%). Papers dealing with preimplantation biopsy are less numerous, the majority (13/19, 68.4%) of which focus on diagnostic agreement between digital microscopy and light microscopy (LM), with WSI technology being used in only a small quota of papers (4/19, 21.1%). Conclusions Overall, published studies show good concordance between digital microscopy and LM modalities for diagnosis. DIA has the potential to increase diagnostic reproducibility and facilitate the identification and quantification of histological parameters. Thus, with advancing technology such as faster scanning times, better image resolution, and novel image algorithms, it is likely that WSI will eventually replace LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Girolami
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anil Parwani
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Ammendola
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lavinia Stefanizzi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Novelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Histopathology and Molecular Diagnosis, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Arrigo Capitanio
- Department of Clinical Pathology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rodrigues FM, Adélio JI, Santana VO, De Marco Ornelas E, de Souza RR, Cardoso CG, da Veiga GL, Fonseca FLA, Maifrino LBM. Physical exercise alters hepatic morphology of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout ovariectomized mice. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 52:15-22. [PMID: 29934711 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of physical exercise on the liver of animals in menopause, we analyzed the histomorphometric parameters of the hepatic tissue in ovariectomized and dyslipidemic female mice. The animals were distributed in six groups (n = 5): sedentary control (SC), sedentary ovariectomized control (SOC), trained ovariectomized control (TOC), sedentary LDL knockout (LDL-S), sedentary ovariectomized LDL knockout (LDL-SO), and trained ovariectomized LDL knockout (LDL-TO). At the end of the experiment, the liver and the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of animals were removed for morphometric and stereological studies. In the LDL-S and LDL-SO animals, both sedentary, results showed reduction in the area (µm2) and major and minor diameters (µm) of hepatocytes and reduction in the portions of large hepatocytes, and increase in the percentage of Kupffer cells. The trained group showed a tendency of increase in the area and diameter and in the percentage of hepatocytes, as well significant reduction in the percentage of Kupffer cells and interstitial tissue. We suggested that training can prevent cell and tissue damage caused by the process of increase in hepatic fat, lipoperoxidation, and tissue inflammation in animals with privation of estrogen and dyslipidemia, apparently reflecting a better metabolic response of the hepatic tissue in organisms undergoing training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Mercúrio Rodrigues
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Aging, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Inácio Adélio
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Aging, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Santana
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Aging, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth De Marco Ornelas
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Aging, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
- Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Aging, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clever Gomes Cardoso
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiania, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Luciano da Veiga
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC-FMABC2000, Lauro Gomes Avenue, Santo André, SP, CEP 09060-650, Brazil
| | - Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC-FMABC2000, Lauro Gomes Avenue, Santo André, SP, CEP 09060-650, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Unifesp, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Cytologic atypia in the contralateral unaffected breast is related to parity and estrogen-related genes. Surg Oncol 2016; 25:449-456. [PMID: 26856771 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The contralateral unaffected breast (CUB) of women with unilateral breast cancer provides a model for the study of breast tissue-based risk factors. Using random fine needle aspiration (rFNA), we have investigated hormonal and gene expression patterns related to atypia in the CUBs of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients. METHODS 83 women underwent rFNA of the CUB. Cytologic analysis was performed using the Masood Score (MS), atypia was defined as MS > 14. RNA was extracted using 80% of the sample. The expression of 20 hormone related genes was quantified using Taqman Low Density Arrays. Statistical analysis was performed using 2-tailed t tests and linear regression. RESULTS Cytological atypia was more frequent in multiparous women (P = 0.0392), and was not associated with any tumor-related features in the affected breast. Masood Score was higher with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R = 0.204, P = 0.0417), higher number of births (R = 0.369, P = 0.0006), and estrogen receptor (ER) negativity of the index cancer (R = -0.203, P = 0.065). Individual cytologic features were associated with aspects of parity. Specifically, anisonucleosis was correlated with shorter interval since last pregnancy (R = 0.318, P = 0.0201), higher number of births (R = 0.382, P = 0.0004), and ER status (R = -0.314, P = 0.0038). Eight estrogen-regulated genes were increased in atypical samples (P < 0.005), including TFF1, AGT, PDZK1, PGR, GREB1, PRLR, CAMK2B, and CCND1. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic atypia, and particularly anisonucleosis, is associated with recent and multiple births and ER negative status of the index tumor. Atypical samples showed increased expression of estrogen-related genes, consistent with the role of estrogen exposure in breast cancer development.
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Uehara T, Pogribny IP, Rusyn I. The DEN and CCl4 -Induced Mouse Model of Fibrosis and Inflammation-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 66:14.30.1-14.30.10. [PMID: 25181010 PMCID: PMC4214366 DOI: 10.1002/0471141755.ph1430s66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops most often as a complication of fibrosis or cirrhosis. While most human studies of HCC provide crucial insights into the molecular signatures of HCC, seldom do they address the etiology of HCC. Mouse models are essential tools for investigating the pathogenesis of HCC; however, the overwhelming majority of cancer models in rodents do not feature liver fibrosis. Detailed in this unit is a protocol for an experimental mouse model of HCC that arises in association with advanced liver fibrosis. The disease model is induced by a single injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) followed by repeated administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ). A dramatic potentiation of liver tumor incidence is observed following administration of DEN and CCl4 , with 100% of mice developing liver tumors at 5 months of age. This model can be employed for studying the molecular mechanisms of fibrogenesis and HCC development, and in cancer hazard/chemotherapy testing of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Uehara
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431
| | - Igor P. Pogribny
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; Phone: +1-870-543-7096; Fax: +1-870-543-7720
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431,corresponding author: Ivan Rusyn, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431; ; Phone/fax: +1-919-843-2596
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Vasuri F, Malvi D, Gruppioni E, Grigioni WF, D’Errico-Grigioni A. Histopathological evaluation of recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2810-2824. [PMID: 24659874 PMCID: PMC3961976 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the morphological features of hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have been well established in the last decades, the differential diagnosis still represents a challenge for the pathologist, especially early recurrent hepatitis C vs mild acute cellular rejection. The present review focuses on the role of the pathologist and the pathology laboratory in the management of recipients with recurrent hepatitis C, the usefulness of early and late post-OLT liver biopsies, and the potential role of ancillary techniques (immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, RT-PCR). The English literature on the topic is reviewed, focusing on the histopathology, the immunohistochemistry and the use of RT-PCR on HCV-positive post-OLT biopsies. The different histopathological illustrations of early and chronic recurrent hepatitis C are presented, with special focus on the main differential diagnoses and those features with prognostic relevance (cholestasis above all). The usefulness of ancillary techniques are discussed, especially HCV RNA quantitation by RT-PCR. Finally, the usefulness of long-term protocol biopsies is addressed: their usefulness for the study of allograft disease progression is clear, but their meaning in the long term is still debated. The significance of plasma cell infiltrate in HCV-positive allografts, the prognostic weight of graft steatosis, and the impact of donor age in recurrent hepatitis C also represent additional open issues.
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Uehara T, Ainslie GR, Kutanzi K, Pogribny IP, Muskhelishvili L, Izawa T, Yamate J, Kosyk O, Shymonyak S, Bradford BU, Boorman GA, Bataller R, Rusyn I. Molecular mechanisms of fibrosis-associated promotion of liver carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci 2013; 132:53-63. [PMID: 23288052 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mostly develops in patients with advanced fibrosis; however, the mechanisms of interaction between a genotoxic insult and fibrogenesis are not well understood. This study tested a hypothesis that fibrosis promotes HCC via a mechanism that involves activation of liver stem cells. First, B6C3F1 mice were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN; single ip injection of 1mg/kg at 14 days of age). Second, carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4); 0.2ml/kg, 2/week ip starting at 8 weeks of age) was administered for 9 or 14 weeks to develop advanced liver fibrosis. In animals treated with DEN as neonates, presence of liver fibrosis led to more than doubling (to 100%) of the liver tumor incidence as early as 5 months of age. This effect was associated with activation of cells with progenitor features in noncancerous liver tissue, including markers of replicative senescence (p16), oncofetal transformation (Afp, H19, and Bex1), and increased "stemness" (Prom1 and Epcam). In contrast, the dose of DEN used did not modify the extent of liver inflammation, fibrogenesis, oxidative stress, proliferation, or apoptosis induced by subchronic CCl(4) administration. This study demonstrates the potential role of liver stem-like cells in the mechanisms of chemical-induced, fibrosis-promoted HCC. We posit that the combination of genotoxic and fibrogenic insults is a sensible approach to model liver carcinogenesis in experimental animals. These results may contribute to identification of cirrhotic patients predisposed to HCC by analyzing the expression of hepatic progenitor cell markers in the noncancerous liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeki Uehara
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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