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Kyoda Y, Hashimoto K, Takahashi A, Maehana T, Tachikawa K, Muranaka T, Kato S, Kurisu T, Fukuta F, Kirisawa T, Okada M, Kobayashi K, Tanaka T, Hinotsu S, Masumori N. Which characteristics are associated with changes in medication status for lower urinary tract symptoms among patients with prostate cancer receiving external beam radiotherapy? Curr Urol 2024; 18:122-127. [PMID: 39176291 PMCID: PMC11337989 DOI: 10.1097/cu9.0000000000000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We clarified the predictive factors for changes in the status of medications for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 2 years after local radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Materials and methods We retrospectively included patients who underwent local external radiotherapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer in 8 institutions between April 2001 and March 2016. Patients were divided into the medication and no-medication group based on the use of drugs for LUTS before radiotherapy. We defined improvement of LUTS as when the patient did not require medication for LUTS at 24 months after radiotherapy in the medication group and as deterioration when medication was required in the no-medication group. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate predictive factors for changes in medication status. Results Altogether, 505 patients were divided into a no-medication group (n = 352) and a medication group (n = 153). The number of patients with deterioration and improvement in LUTS was 49 (14%) and 36 (23%), respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the predictive variables for deterioration were the International Prostate Symptom Score (≥8; odds ratio [OR], 2.21; p = 0.014) and the biopsy Gleason score (≤3 + 4 = 7; OR, 2.430; p = 0.008) in the no-medication group, whereas those for improvement were age (<75 years old; OR, 5.81; p = 0.002), the quality of life score (<3; OR, 3.15; p = 0.028), and a positive biopsy core rate (≥50%; OR, 2.530; p = 0.027) in the medication group. Conclusions These predictive factors for changes in the status of medications for LUTS at 2 years after external radiotherapy may help determine the definitive therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kyoda
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Hakodate Goryoukaku Hospital, Hakodate, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maehana
- Department of Urology, Muroran City General Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Muranaka
- Department of Urology, Sunagawa City Medical Center, Sunagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kato
- Department of Urology, Oji General Hospital, Tomakomai, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Kurisu
- Department of Urology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | - Fumimasa Fukuta
- Department of Urology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Okada
- Department of Urology, Obihiro Kyokai Hospital, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ko Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Hinotsu
- Department of Medical Statistics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Masumori
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Limani R, Lež C, Krušlin B. Exploring the Relationship between E-Cadherin and β-Catenin Cell Adhesion Proteins and Periacinar Retraction Clefting in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:511. [PMID: 38472982 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periacinar retraction clefts represent a histopathological criterion supporting the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The origin of these clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Exploring the established functions of E-cadherin and β-catenin as intercellular adhesion proteins, and aiming to elucidate the origin of periacinar retraction clefting, we conducted a correlation study between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and the presence of periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS We examined 53 cases of morphologically diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma, assessing both the neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic prostatic tissues for the existence and degree of periacinar retraction clefts. Additionally, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins in prostatic tissue and explored their correlation with periacinar retraction clefts, and Gleason score, Grade Group, preoperative serum prostate specific-antigen (sPSA) levels, surgical margin status, and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage in prostatic adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Our study confirms that periacinar retraction clefting is significantly more extensive in prostatic adenocarcinoma than in nonneoplastic prostatic tissue (p < 0.001). We report a decreased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma and a negative correlation with Gleason score and Grade Group. Periacinar retraction clefting positively correlated with E-cadherin and β-catenin ((rho = 0.350; p = 0.010) and (rho = 0.340; p = 0.012)) immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Periacinar retraction clefts stand out as a dependable criterion in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins are potential markers indicative of tumor progression and invasiveness in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Our discovery of a positive correlation between immunostaining of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins and periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma aligns with the notion that periacinar retraction clefting is more characteristic of Gleason Grade3 pattern in prostatic adenocarcinomas, whereas the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin shows a decrease with increasing histopathological tumor grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinë Limani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
- Institute of Anatomical Pathology, University Clinical Center of Kosovo, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Cvjetko Lež
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Zabok General Hospital, 49210 Zabok, Croatia
| | - Božo Krušlin
- "Ljudevit Jurak" Department of Pathology and Cytology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Sousa TC, de Souza LP, Ricardo MLS, Yoshigae AY, Hinokuma KD, Gorzoni ABR, de Aquino AM, Scarano WR, de Sousa Castillho AC, Tavares MEA, Veras ASC, Teixeira GR, Nai GA, de Oliveira Mendes L. Long exposure to a mixture of endocrine disruptors prediposes the ventral prostate of rats to preneoplastic lesions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104015-104028. [PMID: 37697193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29768-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (ED) are compounds dispersed in the environment that modify hormone biosynthesis, affecting hormone-dependent organs such as the prostate. Studies have only focused on evaluating the effects of ED alone or in small groups and short intervals and have not adequately portrayed human exposure. Therefore, we characterized the prostate histoarchitecture of rats exposed to an ED mixture (ED Mix) mimicking human exposure. Pregnant females of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly distributed into two experimental groups: Control group (vehicle: corn oil, by gavage) and ED Mix group: received 32.11 mg/kg/day of the ED mixture diluted in corn oil (2 ml/kg), by gavage, from gestational day 7 (DG7) to post-natal day 21 (DPN21). After weaning at DPN22, the male pups continued to receive the complete DE mixture until they were 220 days old when they were euthanized. The ED Mix decreased the epithelial compartment, increased the fractal dimension, and decreased glandular dilation. In addition, low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was observed in addition to regions of epithelial atrophy in the group exposed to the ED Mix. Exposure to the mixture decreased both types I and III collagen area in the stroma. We concluded that the ED Mix was able to cause alterations in the prostatic histoarchitecture and induce the appearance of preneoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaina Cavalleri Sousa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pereira de Souza
- Faculty of Healthy Sciences, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), R. José Bongiovani, 700 - Cidade Universitária, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silva Ricardo
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Yuri Yoshigae
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karianne Delalibera Hinokuma
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Ratto Gorzoni
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anthony César de Sousa Castillho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Almeida Tavares
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alice Santos Cruz Veras
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Experimental Laboratory of Exercise Biology (LEBioEx), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Oliveira Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 572 - Bairro Do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Health Science, Western São Paulo University (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572 - Bairro do Limoeiro, Presidente Prudente, SP, CEP 19067-175, Brazil.
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Huang L, Li Y, Du J, Li H, Lu M, Wang Y, Zhou W, Wang W, Wu H. The Prognostic Value of Retraction Clefts in Chinese Invasive Breast Cancer Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:1609743. [PMID: 34257612 PMCID: PMC8262209 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.1609743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Some studies reported the correlation between retraction clefts (RCs) and the clinicopathological features as well as prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma. However, limited number of investigations have been done and controversial results were reported. Larger population studies around the world might help to provide more accurate and comprehensive information. Thus, we examined the correlation between the extent of RCs and the clinicopathological features as well as the prognosis in 541 invasive breast carcinoma samples from Central China in this study. The statistical analyses were performed with the Pearson χ2 tests and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression assays. Compared with other studies, lower RCs occurrence rate (15.5%) was observed in Chinese breast cancer patients and opposite association between the presence of RCs and lymph nodes metastasis was identified, in which both progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were improved with the presence of RCs in our study. Besides, despite some statistically significant associations between RCs and molecular subtypes, RCs and estrogen receptor status, the results were largely depending on the stratification methods. Generally, no convincing association was detected between the extent of RCs and the clinicopathological features or prognosis. In sum, the extent of RCs showed limited value as a prognostic predictor in invasive breast carcinoma patients from Central China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengmeng Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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The Role of the Metzincin Superfamily in Prostate Cancer Progression: A Systematic-Like Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073608. [PMID: 33808504 PMCID: PMC8036576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin superfamily of proteases, principally through their regulation of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore timely to review the role of the metzincin superfamily in prostate cancer and its progression to better understand their involvement in this disease. A systematic-like search strategy was conducted. Articles that investigated the roles of members of the metzincin superfamily and their key regulators in prostate cancer were included. The extracted articles were synthesized and data presented in tabular and narrative forms. Two hundred and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 138 investigated the role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) subgroup, 34 the Membrane-Tethered Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subgroup, 22 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) subgroup, 8 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) subgroup and 53 the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) family of regulators, noting that several studies investigated multiple family members. There was clear evidence that specific members of the metzincin superfamily are involved in prostate cancer progression, which can be either in a positive or negative manner. However, further understanding of their mechanisms of action and how they may be used as prognostic indicators or molecular targets is required.
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Džombeta T, Krušlin B. High Grade T1 Papillary Urothelial Bladder Cancer Shows Prominent Peritumoral Retraction Clefting. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:567-574. [PMID: 28752222 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of noninvasive from invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma can be challenging due to inability of proper orientation and thermal damage of transurethrally obtained material. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence and extent of peritumoral retractions in pT1 compared to pTa papillary urothelial carcinoma. Since peritumoral retractions may result from altered expression profiles of extracellular matrix proteins, we additionally analyzed the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in these tumors. The study comprised 50 noninvasive (pTa) and 50 invasive (pT1) cases of transurethrally obtained primary papillary urothelial carcinomas. The invasive nature of nests showing peritumoral retractions was confirmed immunohistochemically using antibody against collagen IV. Staining for MMP-2 and IL-8 was evaluated semiquantitatively using immunohistochemical staining index, calculated by multiplying the percentage of positive cells and staining intensity. Peritumoral retractions were found in 32% of pT1 carcinomas but in none of the pTa carcinomas. All tumors showing peritumoral retraction were high grade tumors. There was no statistically significant correlation between the expression of MMP-2 or IL-8 and the presence of peritumoral retractions or stage of the tumor (pTa vs. pT1). A statistically significant but weak correlation was found between MMP-2 and IL-8 expression (χ2-test, p=0,015). There was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of peritumoral retractions or MMP-2 expression and tumor recurrence and progression. Our study shows that, in doubtful cases, when differentiating between pTa and pT1 stages of papillary urothelial carcinoma, the presence of peritumoral retractions could favor the diagnosis of invasive neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihana Džombeta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia. .,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska 29, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Božo Krušlin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 10, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre Sestre milosrdnice, Vinogradska 29, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Alonso JCC, Reis LO, Garcia PV, Ferreira U, Matheus WE, Simões FA, Rejowski RF, Alonso-Vale MIC, Fávaro WJ. Steroid Hormone Receptors as Potential Mediators of the Clinical Effects of Dutasteride: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study. Am J Mens Health 2017; 11:126-133. [PMID: 26345405 PMCID: PMC5675179 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315602961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the clinical and morphofunctional effects of a 5α-reductase inhibitor on steroid hormone receptors in normal human prostate tissue, as potential mediators of the clinical effects of dutasteride. This work was a prospective, double-blind, and randomized study that evaluated 49 men aged between 45 and 70 years, with no alterations in a digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen measurements between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL. These patients underwent prostate biopsy guided by transretal ultrasound with prostate neoplasia being ruled out, and the patients were divided into two groups, with one group receiving dutasteride ( n = 25) and one group receiving a placebo ( n = 24). The patients were clinically assessed each quarter, and at the end of 12 months they underwent new laboratory tests, prostate rebiopsy, and histopathological, immunohistochemical and clinical analyses. The estrogen receptor-beta (ERβ) and androgen receptor immunoreactivities were higher, and the proliferation/apoptotic ratio was significantly lower with predominance of the apoptotic process, followed by a significant reduction in the prostate volume and the total serum prostate-specific antigen levels in the dutasteride group when compared with the placebo group, with a clear supremacy of ERβ. There were no significant variations in the serum estrogen and testosterone levels, in the body mass index, or in the ERα immunoreactivities in the dutasteride and placebo groups. The results demonstrated the importance of the ERβ pathway in the activation mechanisms of apoptosis, exerting a protective effect in the normal prostate, indicating that this receptor might be an important mediator of the clinical effects of dutasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C. C. Alonso
- University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Municipal Hospital of Paulinia, Paulinia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O. Reis
- University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Municipal Hospital of Paulinia, Paulinia, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krušlin B, Ulamec M, Tomas D. Prostate cancer stroma: an important factor in cancer growth and progression. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2015; 15:1-8. [PMID: 26042506 PMCID: PMC4469930 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive stromal changes that occur in different human cancers might play a role in local tumor spreading and progression. Studies done on various human cancers have shown activated stromal cell phenotypes, modified extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, and increased microvessel density. Furthermore, they exhibit biological markers consistent with stroma at the site of wound repair. In prostate cancer, stroma is composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells and immune cells. Predominant cells in the tumorous stroma are, however, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts. They are responsible for the synthesis, deposition and remodeling of the ECM. Epithelial tumorous cells, in interaction with stromal cells and with the help of various molecules of ECM, create a microenvironment suitable for cancer cell proliferation, movement, and differentiation. In this review, we discussed the role of different stromal components in prostate cancer as well as their potential prognostic and therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Božo Krušlin
- Department of pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb.
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Gonçalves BF, Campos SGPD, Costa CF, Scarano WR, Góes RM, Taboga SR. Key participants of the tumor microenvironment of the prostate: an approach of the structural dynamic of cellular elements and extracellular matrix components during epithelial-stromal transition. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:4-13. [PMID: 25466989 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multistep process that begins with the transformation of normal epithelial cells and continues with tumor growth, stromal invasion and metastasis. The remodeling of the peritumoral environment is decisive for the onset of tumor invasiveness. This event is dependent on epithelial-stromal interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix components and reorganization of fibrillar components. Our research group has studied in a new proposed rodent model the participation of cellular and molecular components in the prostate microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression. Our group adopted the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus as an alternative experimental model for prostate cancer study. This model has presented significant responses to hormonal treatments and to development of spontaneous and induced neoplasias. The data obtained indicate reorganization of type I collagen fibers and reticular fibers, synthesis of new components such as tenascin and proteoglycans, degradation of basement membrane components and elastic fibers and increased expression of metalloproteinases. Fibroblasts that border the region, apparently participate in the stromal reaction. The roles of each of these events, as well as some signaling molecules, participants of neoplastic progression and factors that promote genetic reprogramming during epithelial-stromal transition are also discussed.
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Stopiglia RM, Matheus WE, Garcia PV, Billis A, Castilho MA, de Jesus VHF, Ferreira U, Fávaro WJ. Molecular Assessment of Non-Muscle Invasive and Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors: Mapping of Putative Urothelial Stem Cells and Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) Signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2015.62014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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