Effects of Mesalazine on Morphological and Functional Changes in the Indomethacin-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Rat Model of Crohn's Disease)

Evaluation of curcumin nanoemulsion effect to prevent intestinal damage

Curcumin has gained great prominence for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, studies have reported the low bioavailability of orally administered curcumin. This work aimed to evaluate the characteristics, stability and effects of a curcumin-carrying nanoemulsion in preventing intestinal damage induced by indomethacin. Nanoemulsions containing curcumin were prepared by spontaneous emulsification method and it was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential and the morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its stability was tested under different conditions of pH, temperature at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. In animal experimentation, 36 male mice of the Mus musculus lineage (C57BL/6) were used. The intestinal inflammation was evaluated based on macroscopic, histopathological and metagenomic analysis. It was found a stable nanoemulsion with a size of 409.8 nm, polydispersion index (PDI) of 0.132 and zeta potential of -18.8 mV. However, these lost charge in pH2, showing instability in acidic media (p < 0.05). In animal experiments, the nanoemulsion did not significantly improve intestinal inflammation. However, the group treated with curcumin nanoemulsion showed a higher relative abundance of the genus Lactobacillus (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the curcumin nanoemulsion was relevant in the modulation of the intestinal microbiota.

A review of the biological and pharmacological activities of mesalazine or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA): an anti-ulcer and anti-oxidant drug

Mesalazine, also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is a synthetic drug from the family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. However, 5-ASA has also been used for various other diseases due to its pharmacological effects, but they are usually scattered across various publications, which may limit further research and clinical use of this drug. This review is a summary of published information on the biological and pharmacological effects of 5-ASA with the aim of identifying its anti-oxidant role and medicinal use. 5-ASA data have been collected from 1987 to February 2021 using major databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, Springer, Google Scholar, etc. According to research, the pharmacological and biological effects of 5-ASA include treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, and anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-amyloid, gastric protection (gastroprotective), and antidiverticulosis properties. Numerous pharmacological studies have shown that 5-ASA is an anti-oxidant and anti-ulcer compound with high therapeutic potential that, if the appropriate dose is discovered, its chemical structure changes and its effectiveness is optimized, 5-ASA has been used experimentally for other diseases.

The Protective Effect of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid Against Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Injury Through Free Radical Scavenging in Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Background and objectives: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been among the major causes of small intestinal injury in clinical practice. As such, the current study investigated the protective effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) against an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury. Materials and Methods: IEC-6 cells were treated with various concentrations of indomethacin with or without 5-ASA in a serum-free medium, after which an 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Dromide (MTT) assay, a cell apoptosis assay, a caspase-3 activity assay, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity measurement, a Western blotting for occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and a wound healing assay were conducted. Results: 5-ASA ameliorated indomethacin-induced cell apoptosis and an increase in the intracellular ROS content while augmenting the indomethacin-induced suppression of SOD2 activity in IEC-6 cells. Moreover, 5-ASA reversed the indomethacin-induced attenuation of occludin and ZO-1 expression and promoted faster wound healing effects in IEC-6 cells following an indomethacin-induced injury. Conclusions: Our results suggested that 5-ASA protects small intestinal cells against an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury by scavenging free radicals. Therefore, 5-ASA could be a potential treatment for an NSAID-induced small intestinal injury.