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Sevim Nalkiran H, Akcora Yildiz D, Saydam F, Guzel AI, Nalkiran I. Targeting the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) enhanced antiproliferative and apoptotic response in bladder cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103564. [PMID: 36794046 PMCID: PMC9923226 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the chemotherapy sensitivity of bladder cancer is a current clinical challenge. It is critical to seek out effective combination therapies that include low doses of cisplatin due to its dose-limiting toxicity. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the combination therapy including proTAME, a small molecule inhibitor, targeting Cdc-20 and to determine the expression levels of several APC/C pathway-related genes that may play a role in the chemotherapy response of RT-4 (bladder cancer) and ARPE-19 (normal epithelial) cells. The IC20 and IC50 values were determined by MTS assay. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated (Bax and Bcl-2) and APC/C-associated (Cdc-20, Cyclin-B1, Securin, and Cdh-1) genes were assessed by qRT-PCR. Cell colonization ability and apoptosis were examined by clonogenic survival experiment and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. Low-dose combination therapy showed a superior inhibition effect on RT-4 cells by increasing cell death and inhibiting colony formation. Triple-agent combination therapy further increased the percentage of late apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to the doublet-therapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin. ProTAME-containing combination therapies resulted in an elevation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in RT-4 cells, while a significant decrease was observed in proTAME-treated ARPE-19 cells. Cdc-20 expression in proTAME combined treatment groups were found to be decreased compared to their control groups. Low-dose triple-agent combination induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in RT-4 cells effectively. It is essential to evaluate the role of APC/C pathway-associated potential biomarkers as therapeutic targets and define new combination therapy regimens to achieve improved tolerability in bladder cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Sevim Nalkiran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey,Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Islampasa, 53100 Rize, Turkey.
| | - Dilara Akcora Yildiz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Faruk Saydam
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Ali Irfan Guzel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Nalkiran
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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Liu Z, Chu W, Sun Q, Zhao L, Tan X, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Tang X. Micelle-contained and PEGylated hybrid liposomes of combined gemcitabine and cisplatin delivery for enhancing antitumor activity. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120619. [PMID: 33887396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Combination, synergistic chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CDDP) is a common strategy, and has been recommended for tumor treatment due to its promoted therapeutic effect and reduced systemic toxicity. However, this process involves the intravenous infusion of GEM prior to that of CDDP, which is inconvenient for patients and staff. Here, a novel hybrid nano-carrier system comprised of micelles encapsulated within PEGylated liposomes is proposed, in order to combine the unique strengths of each component. CDDP was bonded with PLG-PEG, and then the formed CDDP@PLG-PEG micelles and GEM were co-loaded inside PEGylated liposomes. The hybrid liposomes with the optimized GEM/CDDP ratio (1:0.6) showed a roughly spherical morphology, appropriate drug loading, and sustained release behavior. In vitro, the hybrid liposomes had 1.72-fold increased cellular uptake, and 57.42%-fold decreased IC50 value. In vivo, pharmacokinetic studies showed increased t1/2 values (125.64%- and 128.57%-folds for GEM and CDDP), decreased clearance (41.90%- and 2.37%-folds), and promoted AUC (262.76%- and 4577.24%-folds). Finally, an in vivo antitumor study showed effective activity in regards to lung tumor size and weight, which were 40.48%- and 33.11%-folds that of GEM/CDDP solution. In summary, we demonstrated the development of an effective micelle-containing PEGylated hybrid liposomes for combined GEM/CDDP delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Qianhe Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinyi Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Tian Yin
- Department of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110116, China.
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Yang F, Liu WW, Chen H, Zhu J, Huang AH, Zhou F, Gan Y, Zhang YH, Ma L. Carfilzomib inhibits the growth of lung adenocarcinoma via upregulation of Gadd45a expression. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:64-76. [PMID: 31898443 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors have shown remarkable success in the treatment of hematologic neoplasm. There has been a lot of attention to applying these drugs for solid tumor treatment. Recent preclinical study has signified the effectiveness on cell proliferation inhibition in lung adenocarcinoma treated by carfilzomib (CFZ), a second generation proteasome inhibitor. However, no insight has been gained regarding the mechanism. In this study, we have systematically investigated the CFZ functions in cell proliferation and growth, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Flow cytometry experiments showed that CFZ significantly induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma. MTS and colony formation assays revealed that CFZ substantially inhibited survival of lung adenocarcinoma cells. All results were consistently correlated to the upregulation expression of Gadd45a, which is an important gene in modulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to physiologic and environmental stresses. Here, upregulation of Gadd45a expression was observed after CFZ treatment. Knocking down Gadd45a expression suppressed G2/M arrest and apoptosis in CFZ-treated cells, and reduced cytotoxicity of this drug. The protein expression analysis has further identified that the AKT/FOXO3a pathway is involved in Gadd45a upregulation after CFZ treatment. These findings unveil a novel mechanism of proteasome inhibitor in anti-solid tumor activity, and shed light on novel preferable therapeutic strategy for lung adenocarcinoma. We believe that Gadd45a expression can be a highly promising candidate predictor in evaluating the efficacy of proteasome inhibitors in solid tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wang-Wang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ai-Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yi Gan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Fumarola S, Cecati M, Sartini D, Ferretti G, Milanese G, Galosi AB, Pozzi V, Campagna R, Morresi C, Emanuelli M, Bacchetti T. Bladder Cancer Chemosensitivity is Affected by Paraoxonase-2 Expression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020175. [PMID: 32093309 PMCID: PMC7070528 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study was to identify potential roles of paraoxonase-2 in bladder carcinogenesis. T24 bladder cancer cells were transfected with plasmids inducing paraoxonase-2 silencing or overexpression. Upon the selection of clones stably down- or upregulating paraoxonase-2, cell proliferation, migration, and the production of reactive oxygen species were evaluated, before and after treatment with cisplatin and gemcitabine, used alone or in combination. The activity levels of both caspase-3 and caspase-8 were also analyzed. shRNA-mediated gene silencing and the overexpression of paraoxonase-2 revealed that the enzyme was able to promote both the proliferation and migration of T24 cells. Moreover, the knockdown of paraoxonase-2 was significantly associated with a reduced cell viability of T24 cells treated with chemotherapeutic drugs and led to both an increase of reactive oxygen species production and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation. Conversely, under treatment with anti-neoplastic compounds, a higher proliferative capacity was found in T24 cells overexpressing paraoxonase-2 compared with controls. In addition, upon enzyme upregulation, both the production of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were reduced. Although further analyses will be required to fully understand the involvement of paraoxonase-2 in bladder tumorigenesis and in mechanisms leading to the development of chemoresistance, the data reported in this study seem to demonstrate that the enzyme could exert a great impact on tumor progression and susceptibility to chemotherapy, thus suggesting paraoxonase-2 as a novel and interesting molecular target for effective bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Fumarola
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Monia Cecati
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Davide Sartini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Giulio Milanese
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Valentina Pozzi
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Campagna
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Camilla Morresi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (T.B.)
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (S.F.); (M.C.); (D.S.); (G.F.); (G.M.); (A.B.G.); (R.C.)
- New York-Marche Structural Biology Center, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +390712204681; Fax: +390712204398
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (T.B.)
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Braicu C, Buiga R, Cojocneanu R, Buse M, Raduly L, Pop LA, Chira S, Budisan L, Jurj A, Ciocan C, Magdo L, Irimie A, Dobrota F, Petrut B, Berindan-Neagoe I. Connecting the dots between different networks: miRNAs associated with bladder cancer risk and progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:433. [PMID: 31665050 PMCID: PMC6819535 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urothelial malignancy, characterized by a high recurrence rate. The biology of bladder cancer is complex and needs to be deciphered. The latest evidence reveals the critical role of the non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), as vital regulatory elements in cancer. METHOD We performed a miRNAs microarray using paired tissues (tumor and adjacent normal bladder tissue), followed by the validation with qRT-PCR of five selected transcripts. Additional next-generation sequencing investigation established the interconnection among the altered miRNAs and mutated genes. Based on the overlapping between TCGA data and data obtained in the study, we focused on the systematic identification of altered miRNAs and genes mutated involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis and progression. RESULTS By overlapping the miRNAs expression data, the two patient cohorts, we identified 18 miRNAs downregulated and, 187 miRNAs upregulated. qRT-PCR validation was completed using a selected panel of two downregulated (miR-139-5p and miR-143-5p) and three up-regulated miRNAs (miR-141b, miR-200 s or miR-205). Altered miRNAs patterns are interrelated to bladder tumorigenesis, allowing them to be used for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Three EMT-related upregulated miRNAs have an essential role in the molecular mechanisms, specifically key processes underlying tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. Using the Ampliseq Cancer Panel kit and Ion Torrent PGM Next-Generation Sequencing an increased mutation rate for TP53, FGFR3, KDR, PIK3CA and ATM were observed, but the mutational status for only TP53 was correlated to the survival rate. The miRNAs pattern, along with the gene mutation pattern attained, can assist for better patient diagnosis. CONCLUSION This study thereby incorporates miRNAs as critical players in bladder cancer prognosis, where their altered gene expression profiles have a critical biological function in relationship with tumor molecular phenotype. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks identified in BC are ripe for exploitation as biomarkers or targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Rares Buiga
- Department of Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Pathology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihail Buse
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Ancuta Pop
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liviuta Budisan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ancuta Jurj
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ciocan
- MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgery, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Gynecological Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florentin Dobrota
- Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Petrut
- Department of Urology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Department of Urology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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