1
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Feng L, Li M, Ma J, Wang W, Wang S, Mao Z, Zhang Y. ALKBH5 regulates arginase 1 expression in MDSCs and their immunosuppressive activity in tumor-bearing host. Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:913-920. [PMID: 38638146 PMCID: PMC11024866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are closely related to the occurrence and development of many cancers, but the specific mechanism is not fully understood. It has been found that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a key role in RNA metabolism, but its function in MDSCs has yet to be revealed. In this study, we found that MDSCs in mice with colorectal cancer (CRC) have significantly elevated levels of m6A, while ALKBH5 expression is decreased. Overexpression of ALKBH5 can reduce the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in vivo and in vitro, and attenuates the protumorigenic ability of MDSCs. Mechanism study found that the overexpression of ALKBH5 in MDSCs reduced the m6A modification level of Arg-1 mRNA, and then weakened the stability of Arg-1 mRNA and protein expression. These data suggest that the decreased expression of ALKBH5 in CRC tumor mice may promote the expression of Arg-1, enhance the immunosuppressor function of MDSCs, and promote tumor growth. These findings highlight that ALKBH5 may regulate the function of MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and may be a new target for immunotherapy. This research provides a new perspective for our understanding of the role of MDSCs in cancer development, and also brings new hope for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhenwei Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
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2
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Qiu T, Zeng L, Chen Y, Yang Y. Nucleic acid demethylase MpAlkB1 regulates the growth, development, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Monascus purpureus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:282. [PMID: 39060812 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid demethylases of α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (AlkB) family can reversibly erase methyl adducts from nucleobases, thus dynamically regulating the methylation status of DNA/RNA and playing critical roles in multiple cellular processes. But little is known about AlkB demethylases in filamentous fungi so far. The present study reports that Monascus purpureus genomes contain a total of five MpAlkB genes. The MpAlkB1 gene was disrupted and complemented through homologous recombination strategy to analyze its biological functions in M. purpureus. MpAlkB1 knockout significantly accelerated the growth of strain, increased biomass, promoted sporulation and cleistothecia development, reduced the content of Monascus pigments (Mps), and strongly inhibited citrinin biosynthesis. The downregulated expression of the global regulator gene LaeA, and genes of Mps biosynthesis gene cluster (BGC) or citrinin BGC in MpAlkB1 disruption strain supported the pleiotropic trait changes caused by MpAlkB1 deletion. These results indicate that MpAlkB1-mediated demethylation of nucleic acid plays important roles in regulating the growth and development, and secondary metabolism in Monascus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiaoshuang Qiu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lingqing Zeng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingwu Yang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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3
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Wang K, Liu F, Muchu B, Deng J, Peng J, Xu Y, Li F, Ouyang M. E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF180 mediates the ALKBH5/SMARCA5 axis to promote colon inflammation and Th17/Treg imbalance in ulcerative colitis mice. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:645-658. [PMID: 39060657 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
SMARCA5, a protein in the SWI/SNF family, has been previously implicated in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) through methylation. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which SMARCA5 contributes to colonic inflammation and the imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells remain unclear. This study was designed to explore these molecular mechanisms. A UC mouse model was established using dextran sulfate sodium induction, followed by measurements of mouse weight, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length, pathological changes in the colon, and FITC-dextran concentration. The levels of IL-17a, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were measured, along with the protein expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Flow cytometry was used to assess the presence of IL-17 + CD4 + (Th17 +) cells and FOXP3 + CD25 + CD4 + (Treg +) cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of UC mice. We observed that SMARCA5 and RNF180 were increased, while ALKBH5 was downregulated in UC mouse colon tissue. SMARCA5 or RNF180 knockdown or ALKBH5 overexpression ameliorated the colon inflammation and Th17/Treg cell imbalance in UC mice, shown by increased body weight, colon length, FOXP3 + CD25 + CD4 + T cells, and the levels of ZO-1, Occludin, TGF-β, IL-10, and FOXP3. It decreased DAI scores, IL-17 + CD4 + T cells, and levels of IL-17a, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and ROR-γt. ALKBH5 inhibited SMARCA5 expression via m6A modification, while RNF180 reduced ALKBH5 expression via ubiquitination. Our findings indicate that RNF180 aggravated the colon inflammation and Th17/Treg cell imbalance in UC mice by regulating the ALKBH5/SMARCA5 axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Mice
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
- Male
- AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate/toxicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/metabolism
- Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Budumu Muchu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Guo J, Zhao L, Duan M, Yang Z, Zhao H, Liu B, Wang Y, Deng L, Wang C, Jiang X, Jiang X. Demethylases in tumors and the tumor microenvironment: Key modifiers of N 6-methyladenosine methylation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116479. [PMID: 38537580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA methylation modifications are widespread in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, with N6-methyladenosine (m6A) the most common among them. Demethylases, including Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) and AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), are important in maintaining the balance between RNA methylation and demethylation. Recent studies have clearly shown that demethylases affect the biological functions of tumors by regulating their m6A levels. However, their effects are complicated, and even opposite results have appeared in different articles. Here, we summarize the complex regulatory networks of demethylases, including the most important and common pathways, to clarify the role of demethylases in tumors. In addition, we describe the relationships between demethylases and the tumor microenvironment, and introduce their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we discuss evaluation of demethylases for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the clinical application of demethylase inhibitors, providing a strong basis for their large-scale clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Guo
- Departmentof Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shenyang Anorectal Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China
| | - Meiqi Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Liping Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China.
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5
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Alhammadi MA, Bajbouj K, Talaat IM, Hamoudi R. The role of RNA-modifying proteins in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:227. [PMID: 38503745 PMCID: PMC10951318 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression is one of the most critical cellular processes. It is controlled by complex mechanisms at the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Any aberration in these mechanisms can lead to dysregulated gene expression. One recently discovered process that controls gene expression includes chemical modifications of RNA molecules by RNA-modifying proteins, a field known as epitranscriptomics. Epitranscriptomics can regulate mRNA splicing, nuclear export, stabilization, translation, or induce degradation of target RNA molecules. Dysregulation in RNA-modifying proteins has been found to contribute to many pathological conditions, such as cancer, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases, among others. This article reviews the role of epitranscriptomics in the pathogenesis and progression of renal cell carcinoma. It summarizes the molecular function of RNA-modifying proteins in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna A Alhammadi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America.
| | - Iman M Talaat
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, 21131, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates.
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, NW3 2PS, United Kingdom.
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- BIMAI-Lab, Biomedically Informed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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6
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Xu Q, Ren N, Ren L, Yang Y, Pan J, Shang H. RNA m6A methylation regulators in liver cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:1. [PMID: 38166832 PMCID: PMC10763310 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world and a primary cause of cancer-related death. In recent years, despite the great development of diagnostic methods and targeted therapies for liver cancer, the incidence and mortality of liver cancer are still on the rise. As a universal post-transcriptional modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification accomplishes a dynamic and reversible m6A modification process, which is executed by three types of regulators, methyltransferases (called writers), demethylases (called erasers) and m6A-binding proteins (called readers). Many studies have shown that m6A RNA methylation has an important impact on RNA metabolism, whereas its regulation exception is bound up with the occurrence of human malignant tumors. Aberrant methylation of m6A RNA and the expression of related regulatory factors may be of the essence in the pathogenesis and progression of liver cancer, yet the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we review the current research situations of m6A methylation in liver cancer. Among the rest, we detail the mechanism by which methyltransferases, demethylases and m6A binding proteins regulate the occurrence and development of liver cancer by modifying mRNA. As well as the potential effect of m6A regulators in hepatocarcinogenesis and progression. New ideas and approaches will be given to the prevention and treatment of liver cancer through the following relevant research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoping Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ning Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanqi Ren
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yibei Yang
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Fourth Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang, Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongkai Shang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gynecology, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Chen C, Yan W, Fu Y. Epigenetic modification of m 6A methylation: Regulatory factors, functions and mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 166:106502. [PMID: 38030117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the exact cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown, there is a lot of evidence to support the notion that it results from a combination of environmental factors, immune system issues, gut microbial changes, and genetic susceptibility. In recent years, the role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of IBD has drawn increasing attention. The regulation of IBD-related immunity, the preservation of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and autophagy are all significantly influenced by epigenetic factors. The most extensive epigenetic methylation modification of mammalian mRNA among them is N6-methyladenosine (m6A). It summarizes the general structure and function of the m6A regulating factors, as well as their complex effects on IBD by regulating the intestinal mucous barrier, intestine mucosal immunity, epidermal cell death, and intestinal microorganisms.This paper provides key insights for the future identification of potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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8
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Li L, Chen J, Wang A, Yi K. ALKBH5 regulates ovarian cancer growth via demethylating long noncoding RNA PVT1 in ovarian cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18066. [PMID: 38098223 PMCID: PMC10826426 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA PVT1 is reported to act as an oncogene in several kinds of cancers, especially ovarian cancer (OV). Abnormal levels of N6 -methyladenosine, a dynamic and reversible modification, are associated with tumorigenesis and malignancies. Our previous study reported that PVT1 plays critical roles in regulating OV. However, it is still largely unknown how m6 A modification affects OV via PVT1. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulation of ALKBH5 by affecting PVT1 in OV. We first found that the PVT1 RNA level was higher in OV cells than in IOSE80 cells, and conversely, the m6 A modification level of PVT1 was lower in OV cells. By searching the HPA, ALKBH5, which is responsible for PVT1 demethylation, was found to be upregulated in OV tissues versus normal ovarian tissues. ALKBH5 binds to PVT1 RNA, and knockdown of ALKBH5 decreased PVT1 RNA levels. ALKBH5 also increased FOXM1 levels by upregulating PVT1, at least partially. Knockdown of ALKBH5 suppressed OV growth, colony formation, tumour formation and invasion, which were partially reversed by overexpression of PVT1. Moreover, ALKBH5 knockdown decreased FOXM1 levels by regulating PVT1 RNA expression, subsequently increasing the sensitivity to carboplatin, 5-FU and docetaxel chemotherapy. Taken together, these results indicate that ALKBH5 directly regulates the m6 A modification and stability of PVT1. Then, modified PVT1 further regulates FOXM1 and thus affects malignant behaviours and chemosensitivity in OV cells. All these results indicate that ALKBH5 regulates the malignant behaviour of OV by regulating PVT1/FOXM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ke Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- The Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University), Ministry of EducationChengduSichuanChina
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9
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Sun Y, Jin D, Zhang Z, Ji H, An X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Jiang L, Zhao X, Lian F. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in kidney diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194967. [PMID: 37553065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is regulated by methylases, commonly referred to as "writers," and demethylases, known as "erasers," leading to a dynamic and reversible process. Changes in m6A levels have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including nuclear RNA export, mRNA metabolism, protein translation, and RNA splicing, establishing a strong correlation with various diseases. Both physiologically and pathologically, m6A methylation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of kidney disease. The methylation of m6A may also facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, according to accumulating research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role and mechanism of m6A methylation in kidney diseases, as well as its potential application in the treatment of such diseases. There will be a thorough examination of m6A methylation mechanisms, paying particular attention to the interplay between m6A writers, m6A erasers, and m6A readers. Furthermore, this paper will elucidate the interplay between various kidney diseases and m6A methylation, summarize the expression patterns of m6A in pathological kidney tissues, and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting m6A in the context of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hangyu Ji
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunqing Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Yang Z, Zhang BL. ALKBH5 in Colorectal Cancer: An Insufficiently Explored and Controversial Research Area. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1581. [PMID: 37659670 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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11
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Wong CC, Zhai J, Yu J. Reply. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1581-1582. [PMID: 37730091 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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12
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Yu M, Ji W, Yang X, Tian K, Ma X, Yu S, Chen L, Zhao X. The role of m6A demethylases in lung cancer: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279735. [PMID: 38094306 PMCID: PMC10716209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
m6A is the most prevalent internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA, and plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and various other biological processes. Lung cancer is a common primary malignant tumor of the lungs, which involves multiple factors in its occurrence and progression. Currently, only the demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 have been identified as associated with m6A modification. These demethylases play a crucial role in regulating the growth and invasion of lung cancer cells by removing methyl groups, thereby influencing stability and translation efficiency of mRNA. Furthermore, they participate in essential biological signaling pathways, making them potential targets for intervention in lung cancer treatment. Here we provides an overview of the involvement of m6A demethylase in lung cancer, as well as their potential application in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqian Ji
- College of International Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Fu D, Si Q, Yu C, Han Z, Zang L. USF1-mediated ALKBH5 stabilizes FLII mRNA in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner to repress glycolytic activity in prostate adenocarcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1700-1716. [PMID: 37493109 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Upstream-stimulating factor 1 (USF1) is a ubiquitously expressed transcription factor implicated in multiple cellular processes, including metabolism and proliferation. This study focused on the function of USF1 in glycolysis and the malignant development of prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Bioinformatics predictions suggested that USF1 is poorly expressed in PRAD. The clinical PRAD samples revealed a low level of USF1, which was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. Artificial upregulation of USF1 significantly repressed glycolytic activity in PRAD cells and reduced cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Potential downstream genes of USF1 were probed by integrated bioinformatics analyses. The chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays indicated that USF1 bound to the α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) promoter for transcription activation. Flightless I (FLII) was identified as the gene showing the highest degree of correlation with ALKBH5. As an m6A demethylase, ALKBH5 enhanced FLII mRNA stability by inducing m6A demethylation in an m6A-YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F2 (YTHDF2)-dependent manner. Either silencing of ALKBH5 or FLII blocked the role of USF1 in PARD cells and restored glycolysis, cell proliferation, and invasion. This study demonstrates that USF1 activates ALKBH5 to stabilize FLII mRNA in an m6A-YTHDF2-dependent manner, thereby repressing glycolysis processes and the progression of PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewang Fu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qingyue Si
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Li'e Zang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Ji J, Liu S, Liang Y, Zheng G. Comprehensive analysis of m6A regulators and relationship with tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy strategies in colorectal adenocarcinoma. BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:44. [PMID: 37568073 PMCID: PMC10422724 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is the most prevalent and abundant type found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of cancers. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the landscape of m6A regulators and their association with tumor microenvironment (TME), immunotherapeutic strategies in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). RESULTS The differential expression, mutation, CNV frequency and prognostic value of 27 m6A regulators were systematically analyzed in COAD. Patients were classified into two clusters based on m6A regulators through consistent clustering analysis, with cluster A showing significant survival benefits. Most of the m6A regulators were negatively correlated with immune cells, except for WTAP, IGF2BP3, FTO, ALKBH5, which showed a positive correlation. We developed an m6A scoring system to calculate the m6Ascore for each patient. Patients with a high-m6Ascore had a better outcome, with the AUC of 0.775. An independent cohort of 416 COAD patients acquired from GSE38832 database was used to validate the prognosis prediction ability of m6Ascore. Moreover, the m6Ascore was negatively correlated with infiltration of anti-tumor immune cells. Additionally, patients with a high-m6Ascore responded better to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapies, and those with MSI-H had a higher m6Ascore. Finally, we investigated the value of m6Ascore in predicting the response of patients to 15 commonly used drugs. CONCLUSIONS We comprehensively analyzed m6A regulators in COAD, including RNA expression, CNV changes, mutations and their correlation with TME. Our results showed that the m6A scoring system had significant predictive power for the prognosis of COAD patients, potentially leading to new personalized immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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Zhai J, Chen H, Wong CC, Peng Y, Gou H, Zhang J, Pan Y, Chen D, Lin Y, Wang S, Kang W, To KF, Chen Z, Nie Y, He HH, Sung JJY, Yu J. ALKBH5 Drives Immune Suppression Via Targeting AXIN2 to Promote Colorectal Cancer and Is a Target for Boosting Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:445-462. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
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Zhai J, Chen H, Wong CC, Peng Y, Gou H, Zhang J, Pan Y, Chen D, Lin Y, Wang S, Kang W, To KF, Chen Z, Nie Y, He HH, Sung JJY, Yu J. ALKBH5 Drives Immune Suppression Via Targeting AXIN2 to Promote Colorectal Cancer and Is a Target for Boosting Immunotherapy. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:445-462. [PMID: 37169182 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immune checkpoint blockade therapy benefits only a small subset of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and identification of CRC-intrinsic events modulating immune checkpoint blockade efficacy is an unmet need. We found that AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), an RNA N6-methyladenosine eraser, drives immunosuppression and is a molecular target to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapy in CRC. METHODS Clinical significance of ALKBH5 was evaluated in human samples (n = 205). Function of ALKBH5 was investigated in allografts, CD34+ humanized mice, and Alkbh5 knockin mice. Immunity change was determined by means of flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and functional investigation. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing were used to identify ALKBH5 targets. Vesicle-like nanoparticle-encapsulated ALKBH5-small interfering RNA was constructed for targeting ALKBH5 in vivo. RESULTS High ALKBH5 expression predicts poor prognosis in CRC. ALKBH5 induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell accumulation but reduced natural killer cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to induce colorectal tumorigenesis in allografts, CD34+ humanized mice, and intestine-specific Alkbh5 knockin mice. Mechanistically, AXIN2, a Wnt suppressor, was identified as a target of ALKBH5. ALKBH5 binds and demethylates AXIN2 messenger RNA, which caused its dissociation from N6-methyladenosine reader IGF2BP1 and degradation, resulting in hyperactivated Wnt/β-catenin. Subsequently, Wnt/β-catenin targets, including Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) were induced by ALKBH5. ALKBH5-induced DKK1 recruited myeloid-derived suppressor cells to drive immunosuppression in CRC, and this effect was abolished by anti-DKK1 in vitro and in vivo. Finally, vesicle-like nanoparticle-encapsulated ALKBH5-small interfering RNA, or anti-DKK1 potentiated anti-PD1 treatment in suppressing CRC growth by enhancing antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS This study identified an ALKBH5-N6-methyladenosine-AXIN2-Wnt-DKK1 axis in CRC, which drives immune suppression to facilitate tumorigenesis. Targeting of ALKBH5 is a promising strategy for sensitizing CRC to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Zhai
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Peng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yasi Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Danyu Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yufeng Lin
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shiyan Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqiang Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Housheng Hansen He
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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17
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Ge J, Liu SL, Zheng JX, Shi Y, Shao Y, Duan YJ, Huang R, Yang LJ, Yang T. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 suppresses tumorigenesis via inhibiting proliferation and invasion and promoting CD8 + T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2023; 34:101683. [PMID: 37224767 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALKBH5 belongs to the ALKB family consists of a Fe (II) and a-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase. ALKBH5 directly catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of m6A-methylated adenosine. ALKBH5 involves in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, and is often dysregulated in a wide range of cancers, including colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that the expression of ALKBH5 is associated with the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in the microenvironment. However, how ALKBH5 affects immune cell infiltration in the microenvironment in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify how the expression of ALKBH5 affects the biological behaviors of CRC cell lines and regulates the effects on infiltrating CD8+ T cells in CRC microenvironment with its specific mechanism. METHODS Firstly, the transcriptional expression profiles of CRC were downloaded from TCGA database and integrated via R software (4.1.2). Between CRC and normal colorectal tissues, ALKBH5 mRNA expressions were compared (Wilcoxon rank-sum). We further identified the expression levels of ALKBH5 in CRC tissues and cell lines through quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Then, how ALKBH5 affects the biological behaviors of CRC cells were confirmed by gain- and loss-of-function analysis. Furthermore, the relationship between ALKBH5 level and 22 tumor-infiltrating immune cells was examined through CIBERSORT in R software. Furthermore, we explored the correlation between ALKBH5 expression and tumor-infiltrated CD8+, CD4+ and regulatory T cells by utilizing the TIMER database. Finally, the association between chemokines and CD8+ T cells infiltration in CRC was analyzed using GEPIA online database. qRT-PCR, WB and IHC were used to further determine the effect of ALKBH5 on NF-κB-CCL5 signaling axis and CD8+ T cells infiltration. RESULTS Clinically, ALKBH5 expression was downregulated in CRC and low levels of ALKBH5 expression were correlated with poor overall survival (OS). Functionally, overexpression of ALKBH5 reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells, and vice versa. Overexpression of ALKBH5 suppresses NF-κB pathway, thus reduces CCL5 expression and promotes CD8+ T cells infiltration in CRC microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS ALKBH5 is poorly expressed in CRC, and overexpression of ALKBH5 attenuates CRC malignant progression by inhibiting CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoting CD8+ T cells infiltration in the tumor microenvironment through NF-κB-CCL5 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Sheng-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing-Xiu Zheng
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Basic Medical Sciences Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yu-Jing Duan
- Basic Medical Sciences Center of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030013, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key laboratory of Digestive Disease & Organ Transplantation in Shanxi Province, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Higher Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology & Targeted Drug Development in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Key laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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18
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Shen LT, Che LR, He Z, Lu Q, Chen DF, Qin ZY, Wang B. Aberrant RNA m 6A modification in gastrointestinal malignancies: versatile regulators of cancer hallmarks and novel therapeutic opportunities. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:236. [PMID: 37015927 PMCID: PMC10072051 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05736-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most common malignancies, and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, molecular targeted therapies are still lacking, leading to poor treatment efficacies. As an important layer of epigenetic regulation, RNA N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification is recently linked to various biological hallmarks of cancer by orchestrating RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, export, translation, and decay, which is partially involved in a novel biological process termed phase separation. Through these regulatory mechanisms, m6A dictates gene expression in a dynamic and reversible manner and may play oncogenic, tumor suppressive or context-dependent roles in GI tumorigenesis. Therefore, regulators and effectors of m6A, as well as their modified substrates, represent a novel class of molecular targets for cancer treatments. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in this field and highlight research findings that documented key roles of RNA m6A modification in governing hallmarks of GI cancers. From a historical perspective, milestone findings in m6A machinery are integrated with a timeline of developing m6A targeting compounds. These available chemical compounds, as well as other approaches that target core components of the RNA m6A pathway hold promises for clinical translational to treat human GI cancers. Further investigation on several outstanding issues, e.g. how oncogenic insults may disrupt m6A homeostasis, and how m6A modification impacts on the tumor microenvironment, may dissect novel mechanisms underlying human tumorigenesis and identifies next-generation anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of m6A RNA modification since its discovery in the 1970s to the latest progress in defining its potential clinic relevance. We summarize the molecular basis and roles of m6A regulators in the hallmarks of GI cancer and discuss their context-dependent functions. Furthermore, the identification and characterization of inhibitors or activators of m6A regulators and their potential anti-cancer effects are discussed. With the rapid growth in this field there is significant potential for developing m6A targeted therapy in GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Zhejiang Armed Police (PAP), Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Lin-Rong Che
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zongsheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Dong-Feng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhong-Yi Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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19
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Luo J, Yu H, Yuan Z, Ye T, Hu B. ALKBH5 decreases SLC7A11 expression by erasing m6A modification and promotes the ferroptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03116-6. [PMID: 36820954 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the major subtype of gastrointestinal malignancy and involves cancer-related genes and signaling pathways to regulate ferroptosis. The present study was conducted to analyze the role of alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in the ferroptosis of CRC cells and provide novel targets for CRC treatment. METHODS The transcriptional and protein levels of ALKBH5 and solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11) in tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. HCT116 and SW620 cells were transfected with ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to determine cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe+, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 4 using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, fluorescence probe, assay kits, and Western blot assay. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level and the enrichment of m6A on SLC7A11 mRNA were measured by m6A quantitative analysis and m6A methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR, and the mRNA stability was determined after actinomycin D treatment. CRC cells were treated with the combination of SLC7A11 and ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to confirm the mechanism. Nude mice were subcutaneously injected with CRC cells overexpressing ALKBH5. RESULTS ALKBH5 was downregulated in CRC and ALKBH5 overexpression promoted ROS release and ferroptosis. ALKBH5 erased the m6A modification on SLC7A11 mRNA to reduce the mRNA stability of SLC7A11, further reducing SLC7A11 expression. SLC7A11 overexpression reversed the promotive role of ALKBH5 overexpression in ferroptosis. ALKBH5 upregulation mitigated tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS ALKBH5 reduced SLC7A11 transcription by erasing m6A modification, thus promoting the ferroptosis of CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.170 Xinsong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China.
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20
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Tűzesi Á, Hallal S, Satgunaseelan L, Buckland ME, Alexander KL. Understanding the Epitranscriptome for Avant-Garde Brain Tumour Diagnostics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041232. [PMID: 36831575 PMCID: PMC9954771 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are diverse, dynamic, and reversible transcript alterations rapidly gaining attention due to their newly defined RNA regulatory roles in cellular pathways and pathogenic mechanisms. The exciting emerging field of 'epitranscriptomics' is predominantly centred on studying the most abundant mRNA modification, N6-methyladenine (m6A). The m6A mark, similar to many other RNA modifications, is strictly regulated by so-called 'writer', 'reader', and 'eraser' protein species. The abundance of genes coding for the expression of these regulator proteins and m6A levels shows great potential as diagnostic and predictive tools across several cancer fields. This review explores our current understanding of RNA modifications in glioma biology and the potential of epitranscriptomics to develop new diagnostic and predictive classification tools that can stratify these highly complex and heterogeneous brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Tűzesi
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Susannah Hallal
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Laveniya Satgunaseelan
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michael E. Buckland
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kimberley L. Alexander
- Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
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21
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Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He YY. Recent Advances in RNA m 6A Modification in Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:95-142. [PMID: 38113000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An analogous field to epigenetics is referred to as epitranscriptomics, which focuses on the study of post-transcriptional chemical modifications in RNA. RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA molecules, can be edited with numerous modifications. The most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a reversible modification found in over 7000 human genes. Recent technological advances have accelerated the characterization of these modifications, and they have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes, including pathogenic processes such as cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of m6A mRNA modification in cancer with a focus on solid tumor biology and immunity. m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins can play context-dependent roles in solid tumor development and progression by modulating RNA metabolism to drive oncogenic or tumor-suppressive cellular pathways. m6A RNA methylation also plays dynamic roles within both immune cells and tumor cells to mediate the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, an emerging area of research within epitranscriptomics studies the role of m6A RNA methylation in promoting sensitivity or resistance to cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Overall, our understanding of m6A RNA methylation in solid tumors has advanced significantly, and continued research is needed both to fill gaps in knowledge and to identify potential areas of focus for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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22
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Liu Z, Zou H, Dang Q, Xu H, Liu L, Zhang Y, Lv J, Li H, Zhou Z, Han X. Biological and pharmacological roles of m 6A modifications in cancer drug resistance. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:220. [PMID: 36517820 PMCID: PMC9749187 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug resistance represents the main obstacle in cancer treatment. Drug-resistant cancers exhibit complex molecular mechanisms to hit back therapy under pharmacological pressure. As a reversible epigenetic modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification was regarded to be the most common epigenetic RNA modification. RNA methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A-binding proteins (readers) are frequently disordered in several tumors, thus regulating the expression of oncoproteins, enhancing tumorigenesis, cancer proliferation, development, and metastasis. The review elucidated the underlying role of m6A in therapy resistance. Alteration of the m6A modification affected drug efficacy by restructuring multidrug efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and anticancer drug targets. Furthermore, the variation resulted in resistance by regulating DNA damage repair, downstream adaptive response (apoptosis, autophagy, and oncogenic bypass signaling), cell stemness, tumor immune microenvironment, and exosomal non-coding RNA. It is highlighted that several small molecules targeting m6A regulators have shown significant potential for overcoming drug resistance in different cancer categories. Further inhibitors and activators of RNA m6A-modified proteins are expected to provide novel anticancer drugs, delivering the therapeutic potential for addressing the challenge of resistance in clinical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haijiao Zou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Qin Dang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Hui Xu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Long Liu
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jinxiang Lv
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Huanyun Li
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Zhaokai Zhou
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Pediatric Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xinwei Han
- grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.207374.50000 0001 2189 3846Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China ,grid.412633.10000 0004 1799 0733Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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23
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Gong WJ, Li R, Dai QQ, Yu P. METTL3 contributes to slow transit constipation by regulating miR-30b-5p/PIK3R2/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade through DGCR8. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:2229-2242. [PMID: 36068012 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent methylation modification of eukaryotic RNA, and methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) plays a vital role in multiple cell functions. This study aimed to investigate the role of m6A methylase METTL3 in slow transit constipation (STC). MATERIAL AND METHOD The expression of METTL3 and DGCR8 was measured in STC tissues and glutamic acid-induced interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs). The effects of METTL3, miR-30b-5p, and DGCR8 on the biological characteristics of ICCs were investigated on the basis of loss-of-function analyses. Luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct binding sites of miR-30b-5p with PIK3R2. RESULTS The results showed that the METTL3, DGCR8, miR-30b-5p, and the methylation level of m6A were significantly increased in STC tissues and glutamic acid-induced ICCs. Silencing of METTL3 and miR-30b-5p inhibited apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis of glutamic acid-induced ICCs. Moreover, overexpression of miR-30b-5p reversed the cytoprotection of METTL3 knockdown in glutamic acid-induced ICCs. Besides, DGCR8 knockdown could facilitate cell growth and decrease apoptotic glutamic acid-induced ICCs. Mechanically, we illustrated that METTL3 in glutamic acid-induced ICCs significantly accelerated the maturation of pri-miR-30b-5p by m6A methylation modification, resulting in the reduction of PIK3R2, which results in the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and ultimately leads to the cell death of STC. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data demonstrated that METTL3 promoted the apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis of glutamic acid-induced ICCs by interacting with the DGCR8 and successively modulating the miR-30b-5p/PIK3R2 axis in an m6A-dependent manner, and METTL3 may be a potential therapeutic target for STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Gong
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao-Qiong Dai
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Zhejiang, China
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24
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Su Z, Xu L, Dai X, Zhu M, Chen X, Li Y, Li J, Ge R, Cheng B, Wang Y. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of m6A regulators in human cancers: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8818-8838. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhangci Su
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Leyao Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinning Dai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruihan Ge
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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25
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Xu L, Zhou L, Yan C, Li L. Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in lung diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1862-1872. [PMID: 36278325 PMCID: PMC9679358 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increase of air pollution, smoking, aging, and respiratory infection, the incidence rate and mortality of lung diseases are increasing annually, which has become a major hazard to human health. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant modifications in eukaryotes, and such modified RNA can be specifically recognized and combined by m6A recognition proteins and then mediate RNA splicing, maturation, enucleation, degradation, and translation. More and more studies have revealed that the m6A modification is involved in the pathogenesis and development of some diseases; however, the mechanisms of m6A in lung diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biological function of m6A modifications in lung diseases and discuss the potential therapeutic and prognostic strategies. The dysregulation of global m6A levels and m6A regulators may affect the occurrence and development of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and other lung diseases through inflammation and immune function. In lung cancer, this modification has an important impact on malignant cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. In addition, abnormally changed m6A-modified proteins in lung cancer tissue samples and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of lung cancer. Models composed of multiple m6A regulators can be used to evaluate the risk prediction or prognosis of asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. In general, the in-depth study of m6A modifications is a frontier direction in disease research. It provides novel insights for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease occurrence, development, and drug resistance, as well as for the development of effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China,Liqin Li.
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The functions of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications in colorectal cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:235. [PMID: 36175777 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01827-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers (CRC), which includes colon cancer (CC) and rectal cancer (RC), are some of the most common malignant tumors that are prone to distant metastasis. Its high incidence rate and high mortality rate have attracted much attention. In recent years, epigenetics has attracted increasing attention and has been the focus of many research studies. N6-methyladenosine(m6A) RNA modifications can modify eukaryotic mRNA to impact metabolism. The changes in the m6A regulatory genes are related to the occurrence and development of CRC and play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC. The effect of m6A RNA modification is regulated by its related regulatory factors ("writer", "eraser", "reader"). In this review, we comprehensively analyzed the effect of m6A methylation on CRC and the relationship between the expression of related regulatory factors and the development and occurrence of CRC. Then, we summarized the roles of m6A and its regulatory factors in CRC and its potential clinical value, which provides a basis for further research on the mechanism of m6A methylation in CRC.
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27
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Fang Z, Mei W, Qu C, Lu J, Shang L, Cao F, Li F. Role of m6A writers, erasers and readers in cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 35945641 PMCID: PMC9361621 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most pervasive modification of human RNAs. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have suggested that m6A likely plays important roles in cancers. Many studies have demonstrated that m6A is involved in the biological functions of cancer cells, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, m6A is closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the function of m6A in various cancers. We emphasize the importance of m6A to cancer progression and look forward to describe future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wentong Mei
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongdi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Z, Wang L, Zhao L, Wang Q, Yang C, Zhang M, Wang B, Jiang K, Ye Y, Wang S, Shen Z. N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 suppresses colorectal cancer progression potentially by decreasing PHF20 mRNA methylation. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e940. [PMID: 35979628 PMCID: PMC9386323 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the most widespread mRNAs modification, N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) is dynamically and reversibly modulated by methyltransferases and demethylases. ALKBH5 is a major demethylase, and plays vital roles in the progression of cancers. However, the role and mechanisms of ALKBH5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. RESULTS Herein, we discovered that in CRC, downregulated ALKBH5 was closely related to poor prognosis of CRC patients. Functionally, our results demonstrated that knockdown of ALKBH5 enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of LOVO and RKO in vitro, while overexpression of ALKBH5 inhibited the functions of these cells. The results also demonstrated that knockdown of ALKBH5 promoted subcutaneous tumorigenesis of LOVO in vivo, while overexpression of ALKBH5 suppressed this ability. Mechanistically, results from joint analyses of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq indicated that PHF20 mRNA was a key molecule that was regulated by ALKBH5-mediated m6 A modification. Further experiments indicated that ALKBH5 may inhibit stability of PHF20 mRNA by removing the m6 A modification of PHF20 mRNA 3'UTR. CONCLUSIONS ALKBH5 suppresses CRC progression by decreasing PHF20 mRNA methylation. ALKBH5-mediated m6 A modification of PHF20 mRNA can serve as a hopeful strategy for the intervention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medical OncologyAffiliated Hangzhou First People's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Changjiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Surgical OncologyBeijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment ResearchPeking University People's HospitalBeijingChina
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29
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Ye J, Chen X, Jiang X, Dong Z, Hu S, Xiao M. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 regulates hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma ferroptosis by posttranscriptionally activating NFE2L2/NRF2 in an m 6 A-IGF2BP2-dependent manner. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24514. [PMID: 35689537 PMCID: PMC9279968 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Having emerged as the most abundant posttranscriptional internal mRNA modification in eukaryotes, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted tremendous scientific interest in recent years. However, the functional importance of the m6A methylation machinery in ferroptosis regulation in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) remains unclear. Methods We herein performed bioinformatic analysis, cell biological analyses, transcriptome‐wide m6A sequencing (m6A‐seq, MeRIP‐seq), RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), and RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP‐seq), followed by m6A dot blot, MeRIP‐qPCR, RIP‐qPCR, and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. Results The results revealed that ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation led to the posttranscriptional inhibition of NFE2L2/NRF2, which is crucial for the regulation of antioxidant molecules in cells, at two m6A residues in the 3′‐UTR. Knocking down ALKBH5 subsequently increased the expression of NFE2L2/NRF2 and increased the resistance of HPSCC cells to ferroptosis. In addition, m6A‐mediated NFE2L2/NRF2 stabilization was dependent on the m6A reader IGF2BP2. We suggest that ALKBH5 dysregulates NFE2L2/NRF2 expression in HPSCC through an m6A‐IGF2BP2‐dependent mechanism. Conclusion Together, these results have revealed an association between the ALKBH5‐NFE2L2/NRF2 axis and ferroptosis, providing insight into the functional importance of reversible mRNA m6A methylation and its modulators in HPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihuai Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sunhong Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Liang W, Yi H, Mao C, Meng Q, Wu X, Li S, Xue J. Research Progress of RNA Methylation Modification in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903699. [PMID: 35614935 PMCID: PMC9125385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that RNA methylation, as the most common modification of mRNA, is of great significance in tumor progression and metastasis. Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system that seriously affects the health of middle-aged and elderly people. Although there have been many studies on the biological mechanism of the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer, there are still major deficiencies in the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. With the deep study of RNA methylation, it was found that RNA modification is highly related to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, development and prognosis. Here, we will highlight various RNA chemical modifications including N6-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, N1-methyladenosine, 7-methylguanine, pseudouridine and their modification enzymes followed by summarizing their functions in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Hongyang Yi
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenyu Mao
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Xueliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Shanliang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
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Detailed resume of RNA m 6A demethylases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2193-2205. [PMID: 35646549 PMCID: PMC9136571 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification in eukaryotic mRNA, playing critical role in various bioprocesses. Like other epigenetic modifications, m6A modification can be catalyzed by the methyltransferase complex and erased dynamically to maintain cells homeostasis. Up to now, only two m6A demethylases have been reported, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and alkylation protein AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), involving in a wide range of mRNA biological progress, including mRNA shearing, export, metabolism and stability. Furthermore, they participate in many significantly biological signaling pathway, and contribute to the progress and development of cancer along with other diseases. In this review, we focus on the studies about structure, inhibitors development and biological function of FTO and ALKBH5.
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Qu J, Yan H, Hou Y, Cao W, Liu Y, Zhang E, He J, Cai Z. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 35063010 PMCID: PMC8780705 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA demethylase ALKBH5 takes part in the modulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and controls various cell processes. ALKBH5-mediated m6A demethylation regulates gene expression by affecting multiple events in RNA metabolism, e.g., pre-mRNA processing, mRNA decay and translation. Mounting evidence shows that ALKBH5 plays critical roles in a variety of human malignancies, mostly via post-transcriptional regulation of oncogenes or tumor suppressors in an m6A-dependent manner. Meanwhile, increasing non-coding RNAs are recognized as functional targets of ALKBH5 in cancers. Here we reviewed up-to-date findings about the pathological roles of ALKBH5 in cancer, the molecular mechanisms by which it exerts its functions, as well as the underlying mechanism of its dysregulation. We also discussed the therapeutic implications of targeting ALKBH5 in cancer and potential ALKBH5-targeting strategies.
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Mu LX, Shao YC, Wei L, Chen FF, Zhang JW. RNA N6-Methyladenosine Regulators Contribute to Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Have Clinical Prognostic Impact in Breast Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 12:650499. [PMID: 35095993 PMCID: PMC8793540 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.650499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to reveal the relationship between RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulators and tumor immune microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer, and to establish a risk model for predicting the occurrence and development of tumors.Patients and methods: In the present study, we respectively downloaded the transcriptome dataset of breast cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze the mutation characteristics of m6A regulators and their expression profile in different clinicopathological groups. Then we used the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and cox regression to construct a risk prediction model based on m6A-associated hub genes. In addition, Immune infiltration analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to evaluate the immune cell context and the enriched gene sets among the subgroups.Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissue, differentially expressed 24 m6A regulators were identified in breast cancer. According to the expression features of m6A regulators above, we established two subgroups of breast cancer, which were also surprisingly distinguished by the feature of the immune microenvironment. The Model based on modification patterns of m6A regulators could predict the patient’s T stage and evaluate their prognosis. Besides, the low m6aRiskscore group presents an immune-activated phenotype as well as a lower tumor mutation load, and its 5-years survival rate was 90.5%, while that of the high m6ariskscore group was only 74.1%. Finally, the cohort confirmed that age (p < 0.001) and m6aRiskscore (p < 0.001) are both risk factors for breast cancer in the multivariate regression.Conclusion: The m6A regulators play an important role in the regulation of breast tumor immune microenvironment and is helpful to provide guidance for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xin Mu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Cheng Shao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang-Fang Chen, ; Jing-Wei Zhang,
| | - Jing-Wei Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fang-Fang Chen, ; Jing-Wei Zhang,
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34
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Chen DH, Zhang JG, Wu CX, Li Q. Non-Coding RNA m6A Modification in Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:778582. [PMID: 35004679 PMCID: PMC8728017 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) modification, a critical and common internal RNA modification in higher eukaryotes, has generated considerable research interests. Extensive studies have revealed that non-coding RNA m6A modifications (e.g. microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and other tumour characteristics; in addition, they are crucial molecular regulators of cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the relationship between non-coding RNA m6A modification and cancer progression from the perspective of various cancers. In particular, we focus on important mechanisms in tumour progression such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, tumour angiogenesis. In addition, we introduce clinical applications to illustrate more vividly that non-coding RNA m6A modification has broad research prospects. With this review, we aim to summarize the latest insights and ideas into non-coding RNA m6A modification in cancer progression and targeted therapy, facilitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Gang Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Xing Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma L, Lin Y, Sun SW, Xu J, Yu T, Chen WL, Zhang LH, Guo YC, Wang YW, Chen T, Wei JF, Zhu LJ. KIAA1429 is a potential prognostic marker in colorectal cancer by promoting the proliferation via downregulating WEE1 expression in an m6A-independent manner. Oncogene 2022; 41:692-703. [PMID: 34819634 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification in mammals, is involved in the metabolism of mRNA. KIAA1429 is regarded as the largest m6A methyltransferase and plays an important role in m6A modification. However, the prognostic value and function of KIAA1429 in colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical assays were performed to evaluate the expression of KIAA1429 in CRC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to assess the association between KIAA1429 expression and the prognosis of patients with CRC. CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, cell cycle assays, and xenograft experiments were performed to investigate the effect of KIAA1429 on cell proliferation. RNA immunoprecipitation, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and RNA stability assays were conducted to explore the underlying mechanism. KIAA1429 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Patients with higher expression of KIAA1429 had shorter overall survival than those with lower expression. Functionally, KIAA1429 promoted CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, KIAA1429 negatively regulated the expression of WEE1 by decreasing its stability in an m6A-independent manner by binding to the third segment in the 3'-UTR of WEE1 mRNA. Moreover, butyrate decreased the expression of KIAA1429 by downregulating the level of the transcription factor NFκB1. Our findings indicated that KIAA1429 plays an oncogenic role in CRC cells by inhibiting the expression of WEE1 in an m6A-independent manner and is associated with poor survival in CRC patients. These results suggested that KIAA1429 might be a potential prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Wen Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Long Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu-Chen Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ji-Fu Wei
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling-Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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36
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Liu JY, Li B, Xu EP, Zhong YS. Research development and potential therapeutic value of m6A modification in occurrence and progression of colorectal tumors. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:1373-1381. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i23.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the study of genomics and proteomics, as vital compoments in epigenetic modifications, in the development of malignant tumors. Thereby, researchers have focused on the modification of RNA. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the major internal epigenetic modification in eukaryotic mRNA, and it is dynamic, reversible, and regulated by methylation enzymes (writers), demethylases (erasers), and recognition proteins (readers) that preferentially recognize m6A modifications. Thus, m6A regulates RNA transport, localization, translation, and decay, and plays a tumor promoting or anti-cancer role. M6A provides potential therapeutic targets for a variety of malignancies. In this review, we will summarize the biological characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of m6A RNA modification, and discuss the role of m6A modification in colorectal carcinogenesis and development. Moreover, related target therapies are discussed, aiming to provide a basis for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Shanghai Center of Engineering Technology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing Li
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Shanghai Center of Engineering Technology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - En-Pan Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Shanghai Center of Engineering Technology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Shi Zhong
- Endoscopy Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,Shanghai Center of Engineering Technology, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Endoscopy, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Zhao Z, Wan J, Guo M, Wang Y, Yang Z, Zhou F, Li Z, Ming L. Expression and prognostic significance of m6A-related genes in TP53-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24118. [PMID: 34812534 PMCID: PMC8761469 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TP53 is an important tumor suppressor gene on human 17th chromosome with its mutations more than 60% in tumor cells. Lung cancer is the highest incidence malignancy in men around the world. N‐6 methylase (m6A) is an enzyme that plays an important role in mRNA splicing, translation, and stabilization. However, its role in TP53‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. Method First, we investigated 17 common m6A regulators' prognostic values in NSCLC. Then, after the establishment of risk signature, we explored the diagnostic value of m6A in TP53‐mutant NSCLC. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and differential expression analysis were used to reveal the possible mechanism of m6A regulators affecting TP53‐mutant NSCLC patients. Results Study showed that nine m6A regulators (YTHDC2, METTL14, FTO, METTL16, YTHDF1, HNRNPA2B1, RBM15, KIAA1429, and WTAP) were expressed differently between TP53‐mutant and wild‐type NSCLC (p < 0.05); and ALKBH5 and HNRNPA2B1 were associated with the prognostic of TP53‐mutant patients. After construction of the risk signature combined ALKBH5 and HNRNPA2B1, we divided patients with TP53 mutations into high‐ and low‐risk groups, and there was a significant survival difference between two groups. Finally, 338 differentially expression genes (DEGs) were found between high‐ and low‐risk groups. GO enrichment analysis, PPI network, and GSEA enrichment analysis showed that m6A may affect the immune environment in extracellular and change the stability of mRNA. Conclusion In conclusion, m6A regulators can be used as prognostic predictors in TP53‐mutant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuochen Zhao
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Junhu Wan
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Manman Guo
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yangxia Wang
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwu Yang
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Fuyou Zhou
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anyang Cancer Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Zhuofang Li
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Liang Ming
- The Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
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38
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Guo J, Zheng J, Zhang H, Tong J. RNA m6A methylation regulators in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:609. [PMID: 34794452 PMCID: PMC8600856 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant RNA modification of mammalian mRNAs and plays a vital role in many diseases, especially tumours. In recent years, m6A has become the topic of intense discussion in epigenetics. M6A modification is dynamically regulated by methyltransferases, demethylases and RNA-binding proteins. Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common but highly fatal malignancy in female. Increasing evidence shows that changes in m6A levels and the dysregulation of m6A regulators are associated with the occurrence, development or prognosis of OC. In this review, the latest studies on m6A and its regulators in OC have been summarized, and we focus on the key role of m6A modification in the development and progression of OC. Additionally, we also discuss the potential use of m6A modification and its regulators in the diagnosis and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Guo
- Department of the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 310008, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 310008, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 310008, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhi Zhang
- Department of the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Tong
- Department of the Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 310008, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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Perry GS, Das M, Woon ECY. Inhibition of AlkB Nucleic Acid Demethylases: Promising New Epigenetic Targets. J Med Chem 2021; 64:16974-17003. [PMID: 34792334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The AlkB family of nucleic acid demethylases is currently of intense chemical, biological, and medical interest because of its critical roles in several key cellular processes, including epigenetic gene regulation, RNA metabolism, and DNA repair. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of AlkB demethylases may underlie the pathogenesis of several human diseases, particularly obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Hence there is strong interest in developing selective inhibitors for these enzymes to facilitate their mechanistic and functional studies and to validate their therapeutic potential. Herein we review the remarkable advances made over the past 20 years in AlkB demethylase inhibition research. We discuss the rational design of reported inhibitors, their mode-of-binding, selectivity, cellular activity, and therapeutic opportunities. We further discuss unexplored structural elements of the AlkB subfamilies and propose potential strategies to enable subfamily selectivity. It is hoped that this perspective will inspire novel inhibitor design and advance drug discovery research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma S Perry
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mohua Das
- Lab of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Esther C Y Woon
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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40
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Liu C, Yang S, Zhang Y, Wang C, Du D, Wang X, Liu T, Liang G. Emerging Roles of N6-Methyladenosine Demethylases and Its Interaction with Environmental Toxicants in Digestive System Cancers. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:7101-7114. [PMID: 34526822 PMCID: PMC8437382 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s328188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are common cancers with high cancer deaths worldwide. They have become a major threat to public health and economic burden. As one of the most universal RNA modifications in eukaryotes, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment response of various cancers, including digestive system cancers. M6A demethylases shape the m6A landscape dynamically, playing important roles in cancers. In addition, accumulating evidence reveal that many environmental toxicants are the established risk factors for digestive system cancers and associated with m6A modification. In this review, we summarize the multiple functions of M6A demethylases (fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) and AlkB homolog 3 (ALKBH3)) in digestive system cancers, which are aberrantly expressed and affect cancer progression. We also discuss the potential roles of m6A demethylases in the assessment of environmental exposure, the signature for prevention and diagnosis of digestive system cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Occupational Health, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuntao Wang
- Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Du
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Geyu Liang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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41
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Zhang H, Zhao L, Li S, Wang J, Feng C, Li T, Du X. N6-Methylandenosine-Related lncRNAs in Tumor Microenvironment Are Potential Prognostic Biomarkers in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697949. [PMID: 34178697 PMCID: PMC8231021 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNA dysregulation and the tumor microenvironment (TME) have been shown to play a vital role in the progression and prognosis of colon cancer (CC). We aim to reveal the potential molecular mechanism from the perspective of lncRNA in the TME and provide the candidate biomarkers for CC prognosis. Methods ESTIMATE analysis was used to divide the CC patients into high and low immune or stromal score groups. The expression array of lncRNA was re-annotated by Seqmap. Microenvironment-associated lncRNAs were filtered through differential analysis. The m6A-associated lncRNAs were screened by Pearson correlation analysis. Lasso Cox regression analyses were performed to construct the m6A- and tumor microenvironment-related lncRNA prognostic model (m6A-TME-LM). Survival analysis was used to assess the prognostic efficacy of candidate lncRNAs. Enrichment analyses annotated the candidate genes’ functions. Results We obtained 25 common differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) associated with immune microenvironment and m6A-related genes for subsequent lasso analysis. Four out of these DELs were selected for the m6A-TME-LM. All the four lncRNAs were related to overall survival, and a test set testified the result. Further stratification analysis of the m6A-TME-LM retained its ability to predict OS for male and chemotherapy adjuvant patients and performed an excellent prognostic efficacy in the TNM stage III and IV subgroups. Network analysis also found the four lncRNAs mediated co-expression network was associated with tumor development. Conclusion We constructed the m6A-TME-LM, which could provide a better prognostic prediction of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The 65651 Army of the Chinese PLA, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songyan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Feng
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tanshi Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Liu C, Yang Z, Li R, Wu Y, Chi M, Gao S, Sun X, Meng X, Wang B. Potential roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in immune cells. J Transl Med 2021; 19:251. [PMID: 34103054 PMCID: PMC8186046 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is one of the most common internal modifications on RNA molecules present in mammalian cells. Deregulation of m6A modification has been recently implicated in many types of human diseases. Therefore, m6A modification has become a research hotspot for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of various diseases. The immune system mostly involves different types of immune cells to provide the first line of defense against infections. The immunoregulatory network that orchestrate the immune responses to new pathogens plays a pivotal role in the development of the disease. And m6A modification has been demonstrated to be a major post-transcriptional regulator of immune responses in cells. In this review, we summarize the participants involved in m6A regulation and try to reveal how m6A modification affects the immune responses via changing the immunoregulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 NanJing North Road, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning University, 66 Chongshan Road, Shenyang, 110036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Chi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuting Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, , No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Selberg S, Seli N, Kankuri E, Karelson M. Rational Design of Novel Anticancer Small-Molecule RNA m6A Demethylase ALKBH5 Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13310-13320. [PMID: 34056479 PMCID: PMC8158789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The RNA 6-N-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase ALKBH5 has been shown to be oncogenic in several cancer types, including leukemia and glioblastoma. We present here the target-tailored development and first evaluation of the antiproliferative effects of new ALKBH5 inhibitors. Two compounds, 2-[(1-hydroxy-2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)sulfanyl]acetic acid (3) and 4-{[(furan-2-yl)methyl]amino}-1,2-diazinane-3,6-dione (6), with IC50 values of 0.84 μM and 1.79 μM, respectively, were identified in high-throughput virtual screening of the library of 144 000 preselected compounds and subsequent verification of hits in an m6A antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) enzyme inhibition assay. The effect of these compounds on the proliferation of selected target cancer cell lines was then measured. In the case of three leukemia cell lines (HL-60, CCRF-CEM, and K562) the cell proliferation was suppressed at low micromolar concentrations of inhibitors, with IC50 ranging from 1.38 to 16.5 μM. However, the effect was low or negligible in the case of another leukemia cell line, Jurkat, and the glioblastoma cell line A-172. These results demonstrate the potential of ALKBH5 inhibition as a cancer-cell-type-selective antiproliferative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Selberg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Neinar Seli
- Chemestmed, Ltd., Riia tn 130b/2, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Mati Karelson
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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Yan G, An Y, Xu B, Wang N, Sun X, Sun M. Potential Impact of ALKBH5 and YTHDF1 on Tumor Immunity in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670490. [PMID: 34079761 PMCID: PMC8165310 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ALKBH5 and YTHDF1 are regarded as the eraser and reader, respectively, in N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Recently, immune contexture has been drawing increasing attention in terms of the progression and treatment of cancers. This study aimed to determine the relationship between ALKBH5/YTHDF1 and immunological characteristics of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods Expression of ALKBH5 and YTHDF1 was investigated across TCGA and GEO validated in our study. Patients with COAD were divided into two clusters using consensus clustering based on the expression of ALKBH5 and YTHDF1. We then compared their clinical characteristics and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to identify the functional differences. Immune infiltration analyses were conducted using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA. In addition, we evaluated the expression of the targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and calculated the tumor mutation burden (TMB) of the tumor samples. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the genes related to both ALKBH5/YTHDF1 expression and immunity. GSE39582 was utilized for external validation of immunological features between the two clusters. Results Cluster 2 had high expression of ALKBH5 and lesser so of YTHDF1, whereas Cluster 1 had just the reverse. Cluster 1 had a higher N stage and pathological stage than Cluster 2. The latter had stronger immune infiltration, higher expression of targets of ICIs, more TMB, and a larger proportion of deficiency in mismatch repair-microsatellite instability-high (dMMR-MSI-H) status than Cluster 1. Moreover, WGCNA revealed 14 genes, including PD1 and LAG3, related to both the expression of ALKBH5/YTHDF1 and immune scores. Conclusions ALKBH5 and YTHDF1 influence immune contexture and can potentially transform cold tumors into hot tumors in patients with COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue An
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Boyang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuren Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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45
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Tian S, Lai J, Yu T, Li Q, Chen Q. Regulation of Gene Expression Associated With the N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Enzyme System and Its Significance in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623634. [PMID: 33552994 PMCID: PMC7859513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an important RNA modification, is a reversible behavior catalyzed by methyltransferase complexes (m6A "writers"), demethylated transferases (m6A "erasers"), and binding proteins (m6A "readers"). It plays a vital regulatory role in biological functions, involving in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The level of m6A will affect the RNA metabolism including the degradation of mRNA, and processing or translation of the modified RNA. Its abnormal changes will lead to disrupting the regulation of gene expression and promoting the occurrence of aberrant cell behavior. The abnormal expression of m6A enzyme system can be a crucial impact disturbing the abundance of m6A, thus affecting the expression of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in various types of cancer. In this review, we elucidate the special role of m6A "writers", "erasers", and "readers" in normal physiology, and how their altered expression affects the cell metabolism and promotes the occurrence of tumors. We also discuss the potential to target these enzymes for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoran Tian
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junzhong Lai
- The Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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46
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Bayoumi M, Munir M. Structural Insights Into m6A-Erasers: A Step Toward Understanding Molecule Specificity and Potential Antiviral Targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:587108. [PMID: 33511112 PMCID: PMC7835257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular RNA can acquire a variety of chemical modifications during the cell cycle, and compelling pieces of evidence highlight the importance of these modifications in determining the metabolism of RNA and, subsequently, cell physiology. Among myriads of modifications, methylation at the N6-position of adenosine (m6A) is the most important and abundant internal modification in the messenger RNA. The m6A marks are installed by methyltransferase complex proteins (writers) in the majority of eukaryotes and dynamically reversed by demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5 (erasers). The incorporated m6A marks on the RNA transcripts are recognized by m6A-binding proteins collectively called readers. Recent epigenetic studies have unequivocally highlighted the association of m6A demethylases with a range of biomedical aspects, including human diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, the mechanisms of demethylation by m6A erasers represent a new frontier in the future basic research on RNA biology. In this review, we focused on recent advances describing various physiological, pathological, and viral regulatory roles of m6A erasers. Additionally, we aim to analyze structural insights into well-known m6A-demethylases in assessing their substrate binding-specificity, efficiency, and selectivity. Knowledge on cellular and viral RNA metabolism will shed light on m6A-specific recognition by demethylases and will provide foundations for the future development of efficacious therapeutic agents to various cancerous conditions and open new avenues for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bayoumi
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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47
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Hao L, Yin J, Yang H, Li C, Zhu L, Liu L, Zhong J. ALKBH5-mediated m 6A demethylation of FOXM1 mRNA promotes progression of uveal melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4045-4062. [PMID: 33428593 PMCID: PMC7906204 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that ALKBH5, a key component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase complex, was significantly elevated in uveal melanoma (UM) cell lines and that ALKBH5 downregulation inhibited tumor growth in vivo. High ALKBH5 expression predicted worse outcome in patients with UM. EP300-induced H3K27 acetylation activation increased ALKBH5 expression. Downregulation of ALKBH5 inhibited UM cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and increased apoptosis in vitro. Besides, ALKBH5 may promote UM metastasis by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via demethylation of FOXM1 mRNA, which increases its expression and stability. In sum, our study indicates that AKLBH5-induced m6A demethylation of FOXM1 mRNA promotes UM progression. Therefore, AKLBH5 is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayang Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chaoxuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Linxin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingxiang Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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48
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Kowalski-Chauvel A, Lacore MG, Arnauduc F, Delmas C, Toulas C, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E, Seva C. The m6A RNA Demethylase ALKBH5 Promotes Radioresistance and Invasion Capability of Glioma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010040. [PMID: 33375621 PMCID: PMC7795604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma stem cells (GBMSCs), which are particularly radio-resistant and invasive, are responsible for the high recurrence of glioblastoma (GBM). Therefore, there is a real need for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these processes and to identify new factors that might be targeted to radiosensitize GBMSC and decrease their invasive capability. Here, we report that the m6A RNA demethylase ALKBH5, which is overexpressed in GBMSCs, promotes their radioresistance by controlling the homologous repair. ALKBH5 was also involved in GBMSC invasion. These data suggest that ALKBH5 inhibition might be a novel approach to radiosensitize GBMSCs and to overcome their invasiveness. Abstract Recurrence of GBM is thought to be due to GBMSCs, which are particularly chemo-radioresistant and characterized by a high capacity to invade normal brain. Evidence is emerging that modulation of m6A RNA methylation plays an important role in tumor progression. However, the impact of this mRNA modification in GBM is poorly studied. We used patient-derived GBMSCs to demonstrate that high expression of the RNA demethylase, ALKBH5, increases radioresistance by regulating homologous recombination (HR). In cells downregulated for ALKBH5, we observed a decrease in GBMSC survival after irradiation likely due to a defect in DNA-damage repair. Indeed, we observed a decrease in the expression of several genes involved in the HR, including CHK1 and RAD51, as well as a persistence of γ-H2AX staining after IR. We also demonstrated in this study that ALKBH5 contributes to the aggressiveness of GBM by favoring the invasion of GBMSCs. Indeed, GBMSCs deficient for ALKBH5 exhibited a significant reduced invasion capability relative to control cells. Our data suggest that ALKBH5 is an attractive therapeutic target to overcome radioresistance and invasiveness of GBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Kowalski-Chauvel
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
| | - Marie Géraldine Lacore
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
| | - Florent Arnauduc
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
| | - Caroline Delmas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
- IUCT-Oncopole Toulouse, 31000 Tolouse, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
- IUCT-Oncopole Toulouse, 31000 Tolouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
- IUCT-Oncopole Toulouse, 31000 Tolouse, France
| | - Catherine Seva
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT)/University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31100 Toulouse, France; (A.K.-C.); (M.G.L.); (F.A.); (C.D.); (C.T.); (E.C.-J.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(5)82741604
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49
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Li K, Luo H, Luo H, Zhu X. Clinical and prognostic pan-cancer analysis of m6A RNA methylation regulators in four types of endocrine system tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23931-23944. [PMID: 33237039 PMCID: PMC7762517 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), internal modification of mRNA, has recently been reported to be an important regulatory mechanism affecting tumor proliferation. However, its role in endocrine system tumors is poorly understood. We obtained datasets for four types tumors from the TCGA database, analyzed the GTEx database as a supplement to the control group, and used “Perl” and “R” software to analyze the datasets. Then we differentiated the expression level, used it to cluster consensus. Besides, we established lasso regression model to screen variables, used univariate and multivariate cox analyses to explore the independent risk factors associated with cancer prognosis. The results indicated that except for WTAP, the expression level of METTL3 was negatively correlated with other genes. The expression level of WTAP and METTL16 was positively correlated with overall survival (OS). Moreover, we found that different clinical subtypes of adrenal cortical carcinoma had significant differences in survival status, histologic grading, pathological T grade, and OS. Furthermore, different clinical subtypes of thyroid carcinoma had significant differences in histologic grading and pathological T grade. The differential expression of m6A regulatory genes is closely associated with the presence of endocrine-system-related tumors, and risk scores can be used to assess prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 24023, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqing Luo
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 24023, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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50
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Decreased ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in Peripheral Blood Are as Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5735279. [PMID: 32884942 PMCID: PMC7455827 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5735279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ALKBH5 (alkylation repair homolog protein 5), FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase, are essential for the m6A mRNA modification. YTHDF2 (YT521-B homology domains 2) called m6A “readers” can recognize m6A modification. As the key enzymes of m6A methylation modification, ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 have been implicated in many diseases. However, little is known about the role of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We measured the mRNA expression of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in RA patients and controls by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the global m6A content was detected by an ELISA-like format. The mRNA expression of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in RA patients was further analyzed to investigate its correlations with disease activity. And, multivariate analysis (logistic regression) was used to analyze the risk factors. The mRNA expression of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in RA patients was significantly decreased compared to controls. The mRNA expression of ALKBH5 was significantly increased in RA patients that received regular treatment. The mRNA expression of FTO was associated with disease activity score 28 (DAS28), complement 3 (C3), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), some common markers for RA disease activity. The mRNA expression of YTHDF2 was associated with RBC, L%, N%, NLR, and LMR. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that decreased expression of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in peripheral blood was a risk factor for RA. Moreover, the peripheral blood global m6A content was significantly increased in patients with RA compared to CON, and increased m6A contents negatively correlated with decreased mRNA expression of FTO. In conclusion, this study firstly demonstrates the critical role of ALKBH5, FTO, and YTHDF2 in RA, which provides novel insights into recognizing the pathogenesis of RA and a promising biomarker for RA.
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