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Wu K, Zhai X, Chen H, Zheng J, Yu Z, Xu X, Huang J. The effect of barium and strontium on activity of glucoamylase QsGH97a from Qipengyuania seohaensis SW-135. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5840. [PMID: 37037863 PMCID: PMC10086023 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases (GHs), the enzymes that break glycosidic bonds, are ubiquitous in the ecosystem, where they perform a range of biological functions. As an interesting glycosidase family, Glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) contains α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and glucoamylase. Only ten members of GH97 have been characterized so far. It is critical to explore novel members to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and application potential of GH97 family. In this study, a novel glucoamylase QsGH97a from Qipengyuania seohaensis SW-135 was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Sequence analysis and NMR results show that QsGH97a is classified into GH97a, and adopts inverting mechanism. The biochemical characterization indicates that QsGH97a shows the optimal activity at 50 °C and pH 8.0. Ca2+ has little effect on the catalytic activity; however, the activity can be substantially increased by 8-13 folds in the presence of Ba2+ or Sr2+. Additionally, the metal content of QsGH97a assay showed a high proportion of Sr2+. The specific metal activity was initially revealed in glucoamylases, which is not found in other members. These results imply that QsGH97a not only is a new member of GH97, but also has potential for industrial applications. Our study reveals that Ba2+ or Sr2+ may be involved in the catalytic mechanism of glucoamylase, laying the groundwork for a more complete knowledge of GH97 and its possible industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xingyu Zhai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfeng Zheng
- Hunan Institute for Drug Control, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Abbas S, Mahmoud H. Identification of Sponge-Associated Bacteria From the Coast of Kuwait and Their Potential Biotechnological Applications. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:896718. [PMID: 35859748 PMCID: PMC9289682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.896718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are among the most ancient animals harboring complex microbial communities with potential applications in biotechnology. The Arabian Gulf is a thermally stressed enclosed body of water located in an arid region where sponges and their halobionts are understudied. This study combined 16S rRNA next-generation gene amplicon sequencing and cultivation techniques to explore the abundance and diversity of sponge-associated bacteria. Culture-independent techniques showed the associations of more than 25 bacterial phyla with Amphimedon sp., Chondrilla australiensis, Haliclona sp., and Niphates spp. Regarding cultivable bacteria, 315 bacterial isolates associated with the sponge Haliclona sp. were cultivated; these isolates were affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and were distributed among six bacterial genera. Selected strains of Bacillus, Ferrimonas, Pseudovibrio, Shewanella, Spongiobacter, and Vibrio were tested for antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganisms and protease enzyme production. Seven Bacillus strains exhibited weak to moderate growth inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Furthermore, 29 different strains of Bacillus, Ferrimonas, Shewanella, and Vibrio exhibited different degrees of positive protease activity. In addition, cultivated strains of Bacillus, Shewanella, Pseudovibrio, and Vibrio were tested for their biomineralization abilities. Herein we report for the first time the isolation of biomineralizing bacteria from sponge tissue where eleven bacterial isolates produced different shapes of calcium carbonate crystals on agar. Our observations shed light on the diversity and biotechnological potentials of sponges-associated bacteria inhabiting one of the world’s hottest seas.
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Antibiofilm Potential of Alpha-Amylase from a Marine Bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:7480382. [PMID: 35462682 PMCID: PMC9033359 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7480382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a big menace to industries and the environment and also in the health sector, accumulation of which is a major challenge. Despite intensive efforts to curb this issue, a definitive solution is yet to be achieved. Enzyme-templated disruption of the extracellular matrix of biofilm and its control and elimination are emerging as an efficient and greener strategy. The study describes the antibiofilm potential of alpha-amylase from the marine microorganism Pantoea agglomerans PCI05, against food-borne pathogens. Amylase exhibited stability in a wide pH range and retained 50% of its activity at temperatures as high as 100°C. Thermal analysis of the enzyme produced showed thermal stability, up to 130°C. From these findings, it can be envisaged that the alpha-amylase produced from P. agglomerans can be used for starch liquefaction; it was also evaluated for antibiofilm activity. Amylase from this marine bacterium was found to efficiently disrupt the preformed biofilms of food-borne pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Typhi based on the value of biofilm inhibitory concentrations.
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Kiran GS, Sekar S, Ramasamy P, Thinesh T, Hassan S, Lipton AN, Ninawe AS, Selvin J. Marine sponge microbial association: Towards disclosing unique symbiotic interactions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 140:169-179. [PMID: 29935729 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are sessile benthic filter-feeding animals, which harbor numerous microorganisms. The enormous diversity and abundance of sponge associated bacteria envisages sponges as hot spots of microbial diversity and dynamics. Many theories were proposed on the ecological implications and mechanism of sponge-microbial association, among these, the biosynthesis of sponge derived bioactive molecules by the symbiotic bacteria is now well-indicated. This phenomenon however, is not exhibited by all marine sponges. Based on the available reports, it has been well established that the sponge associated microbial assemblages keep on changing continuously in response to environmental pressure and/or acquisition of microbes from surrounding seawater or associated macroorganisms. In this review, we have discussed nutritional association of sponges with its symbionts, interaction of sponges with other eukaryotic organisms, dynamics of sponge microbiome and sponge-specific microbial symbionts, sponge-coral association etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Sivasankari Sekar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Pasiyappazham Ramasamy
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | | | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - Anuj Nishanth Lipton
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - A S Ninawe
- Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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Seghal Kiran G, Ramasamy P, Sekar S, Ramu M, Hassan S, Ninawe A, Selvin J. Synthetic biology approaches: Towards sustainable exploitation of marine bioactive molecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:1278-1288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Vaikundamoorthy R, Rajendran R, Selvaraju A, Moorthy K, Perumal S. Development of thermostable amylase enzyme from Bacillus cereus for potential antibiofilm activity. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:494-506. [PMID: 29454827 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The marine bacterial strain Bacillus cereus was used to produce amylase enzyme and has excellent alkali-stable and thermostable enzymatic activity. The combined effects of pH, temperature and incubation time on amylase activity were studied using response surface methodology. The amylase enzyme activity was also determined in the presence of various metal ions, chelating agents, detergents and the results showed that the maximum enzyme activity was observed in the presence of calcium chloride (96.1%), EDTA (63.4%) and surf excel (90.6%). The amylase enzyme exhibited excellent antibiofilm activity against marine derived biofilm forming bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in microtiter plate assay and congo red assay. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) analysis were also used to confirm the potential biofilm activity of amylase enzyme. The CLSM analysis showed the inhibition of complete biofilm formation on amylase enzyme treated glass surface. Further in vivo toxicity analysis of amylase enzyme was determined against marine organisms Dioithona rigida and Artemia salina. The results showed that there is no morphological changes were observed due to the minimal toxicity of amylase enzyme. Overall these findings suggested that marine bacterial derived amylase enzyme could be developed as potential antibiofilm agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Vaikundamoorthy
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajaram Rajendran
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ananth Selvaraju
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasan Moorthy
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhanam Perumal
- Marine Planktonology and Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sathiyanarayanan G, Saibaba G, Kiran GS, Yang YH, Selvin J. Marine sponge-associated bacteria as a potential source for polyhydroxyalkanoates. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:294-312. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1206060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ganesan Saibaba
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - George Seghal Kiran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, India
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Suriya J, Bharathiraja S, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Marine Microbial Amylases: Properties and Applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 79:161-177. [PMID: 27770860 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are crucial enzymes which hydrolyze internal glycosidic linkages in starch and produce as primary products dextrins and oligosaccharides. Amylases are classified into α-amylase, β-amylase, and glucoamylase based on their three-dimensional structures, reaction mechanisms, and amino acid sequences. Amylases have innumerable applications in clinical, medical, and analytical chemistries as well as in food, detergent, textile, brewing, and distilling industries. Amylases can be produced from plants, animals, and microbial sources. Due to the advantages in microbial production, it meets commercial needs. The pervasive nature, easy production, and wide range of applications make amylase an industrially pivotal enzyme. This chapter will focus on amylases found in marine microorganisms, their potential industrial applications, and how these enzymes can be improved to the required bioprocessing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Lu Z, Tian C, Li A, Zhang G, Ma Y. Identification and characterization of a novel alkaline α-amylase Amy703 belonging to a new clade from Bacillus pseudofirmus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:783-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alkaline α-amylases are of great interest in desizing processes and detergent industries. Here, an alkaline α-amylase gene amy703 from an alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus strain was cloned and sequenced. Its encoding product, Amy703, might represent a new clade of α-amylase family, because it shared only 35 % highest identity with all amylases characterized up to date and was not clustered into any subfamilies with amylase activity in glycoside hydrolase family 13. Heterologous expression and characterization of Amy703 showed that it is a metalloenzyme with maximal activity at 40 °C and pH 9.0. Its activity was significantly enhanced by 2- and 2.48-fold at the presence of 10 mM Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively, while Hg2+ was a strong inhibitor of Amy703. Amy703 has a higher affinity (K m = 3.92 mg/ml) for soluble starch compared to many other alkaline amylases. The computer modeling of its structure indicated that Amy703 contains typical amylase domains and a loop region appearing to bind the substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested that a conserved residue Glu550 was essential for the activity of Amy703, and proposed it working together with other two residues to constitute a catalytic triad (Asp521, Glu550, and Asp615).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Lu
- grid.34418.3a 0000000107279022 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 300308 Tianjin China
| | - Aiying Li
- grid.411407.7 0000000417602614 The College of Life Sciences Central China Normal University 430079 Wuhan China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- grid.34418.3a 0000000107279022 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences Hubei University 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences 300308 Tianjin China
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Roy JK, Mukherjee AK. Applications of a high maltose forming, thermo-stable α-amylase from an extremely alkalophilic Bacillus licheniformis strain AS08E in food and laundry detergent industries. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Functional expression and characterization of a chitinase from the marine archaeon Halobacterium salinarum CECT 395 in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2133-43. [PMID: 23893326 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The HschiA1 gene of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum CECT 395 was cloned and overexpressed as an active protein of 66.5 kDa in Escherichia coli. The protein called HsChiA1p has a modular structure consisting of a glycosyl hydrolase family 18 catalytic region, as well as a N-terminal family 5 carbohydrate-binding module and a polycystic kidney domain. The purified recombinant chitinase displayed optimum catalytic activity at pH 7.3 and 40 °C and showed high stability over broad pH (6-8.5) and temperature (25-45 °C) ranges. Protein activity was stimulated by the metal ions Mg(+2), K(+), and Ca(+2) and strongly inhibited by Mn(+2). HsChiA1p is salt-dependent with its highest activity in the presence of 1.5 M of NaCl, but retains 20% of its activity in the absence of salt. The recombinant enzyme hydrolysed p-NP-(GlcNAc)3, p-NP-(GlcNAc), crystalline chitin, and colloidal chitin. From its sequence features and biochemical properties, it can be identified as an exo-acting enzyme with potential interest regarding the biodegradation of chitin waste or its bioconversion into biologically active products.
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12
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Rajesh T, Kim YH, Choi YK, Jeon JM, Kim HJ, Park SH, Park HY, Choi KY, Kim H, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Yang YH. Identification and functional characterization of an α-amylase with broad temperature and pH stability from Paenibacillus sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:359-69. [PMID: 23526111 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are important industrial enzymes that have been applied widely in the food, detergent, and pulp industries and fermentation processes. In the present study, a gene encoding an alpha-amylase from the genomic DNA library of Paenibacillus sp. was identified and characterized. The amylase gene designated amy1 was shown to consist of 1,980 bp and shared sequence identity towards α-amylase genes from other Bacillus sp. The deduced amino acid sequence for Amy1 indicated 80 % sequence identity with other Bacillus strains. Heterologous expression of recombinant Amy1 in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) facilitated the recovery of this protein in soluble form. Enzyme kinetic data revealed Amy1 to have a K m of 23.83 mg/mL and K cat of 48.74 min(-1) and K cat /K m of 2 min(-1) mg(-1) mL(-1) for starch. The activity of this protein was found to be enhanced by Mn(2+), and furthermore, Amy1 remained active at a broad pH range (4-10) and temperature (30-90 °C). The ability of Amy1 to act on food waste under broad temperature and pH conditions, together with its ability to produce simple sugars, shows many advantages for further application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangamani Rajesh
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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Selim SA. Novel thermostable and alkalitolerant amylase production byGeobacillus stearothermophilusHP 3. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:1626-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.583923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Characterization and application of a detergent-stable alkaline α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis strain AS-S01a. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 50:219-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Alkaliphilic bacteria: applications in industrial biotechnology. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:769-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Bioprocessing data for the production of marine enzymes. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1323-72. [PMID: 20479981 PMCID: PMC2866489 DOI: 10.3390/md8041323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is a synopsis of different bioprocess engineering approaches adopted for the production of marine enzymes. Three major modes of operation: batch, fed-batch and continuous have been used for production of enzymes (such as protease, chitinase, agarase, peroxidase) mainly from marine bacteria and fungi on a laboratory bioreactor and pilot plant scales. Submerged, immobilized and solid-state processes in batch mode were widely employed. The fed-batch process was also applied in several bioprocesses. Continuous processes with suspended cells as well as with immobilized cells have been used. Investigations in shake flasks were conducted with the prospect of large-scale processing in reactors.
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Selvin J, Ninawe A, Seghal Kiran G, Lipton A. Sponge-microbial interactions: Ecological implications and bioprospecting avenues. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 36:82-90. [DOI: 10.3109/10408410903397340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Halobacterium salinarum strain MMD047-A low-salt adapted member of the Halobacteriaceae? BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-2001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Optimization, Purification, and Characterization of Extracellular Mesophilic Alkaline Cellulase from Sponge-Associated Marinobacter sp. MSI032. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 162:625-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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