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Shaligram S, Narwade NP, Kumbhare SV, Bordoloi M, Tamuli KJ, Nath S, Parimelazhagan T, Patil VS, Kapley A, Pawar SP, Dhotre DP, Muddeshwar MG, Purohit HJ, Shouche YS. Integrated Genomic and Functional Characterization of the Anti-diabetic Potential of Arthrobacter sp. SW1. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2577-2588. [PMID: 33983483 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For decades, bacterial natural products have served as valuable resources for developing novel drugs to treat several human diseases. Recent advancements in the integrative approach of using genomic and functional tools have proved beneficial in obtaining a comprehensive understanding of these biomolecules. This study presents an in-depth characterization of the anti-diabetic activity exhibited by a bacterial isolate SW1, isolated from an effluent treatment plant. As a primary screening, we assessed the isolate for its potential to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes. Upon confirmation, we further utilized LC-MS, ESI-MS/MS, and NMR spectroscopy to identify and characterize the biomolecule. These efforts were coupled with the genomic assessment of the biosynthetic gene cluster involved in the anti-diabetic compound production. Our investigation discovered that the isolate SW1 inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. The chemical analysis suggested the production of acarbose, an anti-diabetic biomolecule, which was further confirmed by the presence of biosynthetic gene cluster "acb" in the genome. Our in-depth chemical characterization and genome mining approach revealed the potential of bacteria from an unconventional niche, an effluent treatment plant. To the best of our knowledge, it is one of the first few reports of acarbose production from the genus Arthrobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shaligram
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India.
| | - Nitin P Narwade
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Shreyas V Kumbhare
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India.
| | - Kashyap J Tamuli
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - Shyamalendu Nath
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, 785006, India
| | - T Parimelazhagan
- Department of Botany, Bioprospecting Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikas S Patil
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Shrikant P Pawar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Dhiraj P Dhotre
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
| | - M G Muddeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440009, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Yogesh S Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Central Tower, Sai Trinity Complex, Pashan, Pune, 411021, India
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A severe leakage of intermediates to shunt products in acarbose biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1468. [PMID: 32193369 PMCID: PMC7081202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, produced by Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110, is a well-known drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the largely unexplored biosynthetic mechanism of this compound has impeded further titer improvement. Herein, we uncover that 1-epi-valienol and valienol, accumulated in the fermentation broth at a strikingly high molar ratio to acarbose, are shunt products that are not directly involved in acarbose biosynthesis. Additionally, we find that inefficient biosynthesis of the amino-deoxyhexose moiety plays a role in the formation of these shunt products. Therefore, strategies to minimize the flux to the shunt products and to maximize the supply of the amino-deoxyhexose moiety are implemented, which increase the acarbose titer by 1.2-fold to 7.4 g L−1. This work provides insights into the biosynthesis of the C7-cyclitol moiety and highlights the importance of assessing shunt product accumulation when seeking to improve the titer of microbial pharmaceutical products. Biosynthetic mechanism for the type 2 diabetes treatment drug acarbose is not fully revealed. Here, the authors show that shunt pathways and inefficient amino-deoxyhexose biosynthesis lead to 1-epi-valienol and valienol accumulation, and minimizing the flux to these shunt products can increase acarbose titer in Actinoplanes species.
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Xie H, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Kang Q, Bai L. Comparative functional genomics of the acarbose producers reveals potential targets for metabolic engineering. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2019; 4:49-56. [PMID: 30723817 PMCID: PMC6350373 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is produced in large-scale by strains derived from Actinoplanes sp. SE50 and used widely for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Compared with the wild-type SE50, a high-yield derivative Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 shows 2-fold and 3–7-fold improvement of acarbose yield and acb cluster transcription, respectively. The genome of SE50 was fully sequenced and compared with that of SE50/110, and 11 SNVs and 4 InDels, affecting 8 CDSs, were identified in SE50/110. The 8 CDSs were individually inactivated in SE50. Deletions of ACWT_4325 (encoding alcohol dehydrogenase) resulted in increases of acarbose yield by 25% from 1.87 to 2.34 g/L, acetyl-CoA concentration by 52.7%, and PEP concentration by 22.7%. Meanwhile, deletion of ACWT_7629 (encoding elongation factor G) caused improvements of acarbose yield by 36% from 1.87 to 2.54 g/L, transcription of acb cluster, and ppGpp concentration to 2.2 folds. Combined deletions of ACWT_4325 and ACWT_7629 resulted in further improvement of acarbose to 2.83 g/L (i.e. 76% of SE50/110), suggesting that the metabolic perturbation and improved transcription of acb cluster caused by these two mutations contribute substantially to the acarbose overproduction. Enforced application of similar strategies was performed to manipulate SE50/110, resulting in a further increase of acarbose titer from 3.73 to 4.21 g/L. Therefore, the comparative genomics approach combined with functional verification not only revealed the acarbose overproduction mechanisms, but also guided further engineering of its high-yield producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qinqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhao Q, Xie H, Peng Y, Wang X, Bai L. Improving acarbose production and eliminating the by-product component C with an efficient genetic manipulation system of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:302-309. [PMID: 29552655 PMCID: PMC5851932 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is commercially produced by Actinoplanes sp. and used as a potent drug in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. In order to improve the yield of acarbose, an efficient genetic manipulation system for Actinoplanes sp. was established. The conjugation system between E. coli carrying ØC31-derived integrative plasmids and the mycelia of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 was optimized by adjusting the parameters of incubation time of mixed culture (mycelia and E. coli), quantity of recipient cells, donor-to-recipient ratio and the concentration of MgCl2, which resulted in a high conjugation efficiency of 29.4%. Using this integrative system, a cloned acarbose biosynthetic gene cluster was introduced into SE50/110, resulting in a 35% increase of acarbose titer from 2.35 to 3.18 g/L. Alternatively, a pIJ101-derived replicating plasmid combined with the counter-selection system CodA(sm) was constructed for gene inactivation, which has a conjugation frequency as high as 0.52%. Meanwhile, almost all 5-flucytosine-resistant colonies were sensitive to apramycin, among which 75% harbored the successful deletion of targeted genes. Using this replicating vector, the maltooligosyltrehalose synthase gene treY responsible for the accumulation of component C was inactivated, and component C was eliminated as detected by LC-MS. Based on an efficient genetic manipulation system, improved acarbose production and the elimination of component C in our work paved a way for future rational engineering of the acarbose-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Wendler S, Otto A, Ortseifen V, Bonn F, Neshat A, Schneiker-Bekel S, Walter F, Wolf T, Zemke T, Wehmeier UF, Hecker M, Kalinowski J, Becher D, Pühler A. Comprehensive proteome analysis of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 highlighting the location of proteins encoded by the acarbose and the pyochelin biosynthesis gene cluster. J Proteomics 2015; 125:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sun Z, Lu W, Liu P, Wang H, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Kong Y, Cui Z. Isolation and characterization of a proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitor AAI-CC5 from Streptomyces sp. CC5, and its gene cloning and expression. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 107:345-56. [PMID: 25411086 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An α-amylase inhibitor producing Streptomyces sp. strain CC5 was isolated from soil. A proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitor AAI-CC5 was purified from strain CC5. AAI-CC5 specifically inhibited mammalian α-amylases. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was determined to be 8,212 Da by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrum. The N-terminal 15 amino acid residues of the purified AAI-CC5 were DTGSPAPECVEYFQS, which is dissimilar to other reported proteinaceous α-amylase inhibitors. AAI-CC5 is a pH insensitive and heat-stable protein, and cannot be hydrolysed by trypsin. AAI-CC5 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) with a hexa-histidine tag on the C terminal. AAI-CC5 shared 82 % identity with Parvulustat. The recombinant α-amylase inhibitor was purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography using Ni(2+)-NTA resin with molecular mass of 9,404 Da. Steady state kinetics studies of α-amylase and the inhibitor revealed an irreversible, non-competitive inhibition mechanism with IC50 and Ki value of 6.43 ×1 10(-11) and 4.45 × 10(-11) M respectively. These results suggest this novel α-amylase inhibitor possessed powerful inhibitory activity for α-amylase, and it may be a candidate in research of diabetes therapy and obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
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Cheng X, Peng WF, Huang L, Zhang B, Li KT. A novel osmolality-shift fermentation strategy for improving acarbose production and concurrently reducing byproduct component C formation by Actinoplanes sp. A56. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1817-21. [PMID: 25297470 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Component C (Acarviosy-1,4-Glc-1,1-Glc) was a highly structural acarbose analog, which could be largely formed during acarbose fermentation process, resulting in acarbose purification being highly difficult. By choosing osmolality level as the key fermentation parameter of acarbose-producing Actinoplanes sp. A56, this paper successfully established an effective and simplified osmolality-shift strategy to improve acarbose production and concurrently reduce component C formation. Firstly, the effects of various osmolality levels on acarbose fermentation were firstly investigated in a 50-l fermenter. It was found that 400-500 mOsm/kg of osmolality was favorable for acarbose biosynthesis, but would exert a negative influence on the metabolic activity of Actinoplanes sp. A56, resulting in an obviously negative increase of acarbose and a sharp formation of component C during the later stages of fermentation (144-168 h). Based on this fact, an osmolality-shift fermentation strategy (0-48 h: 250-300 mOsm/kg; 49-120 h: 450-500 mOsm/kg; 121-168 h: 250-300 mOsm/kg) was further carried out. Compared with the osmolality-stat (450-500 mOsm/kg) fermentation process, the final accumulation amount of component C was decreased from 498.2 ± 27.1 to 307.2 ± 9.5 mg/l, and the maximum acarbose yield was increased from 3,431.9 ± 107.7 to 4,132.8 ± 111.4 mg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Applied Fermentation Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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Enhanced production of acarbose and concurrently reduced formation of impurity c by addition of validamine in fermentation of Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:705418. [PMID: 23484146 PMCID: PMC3581085 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Commercial production of acarbose is exclusively via done microbial fermentation with strains from the genera of Actinoplanes. The addition of C7N-aminocyclitols for enhanced production of acarbose and concurrently reduced formation of impurity C by cultivation of A. utahensis ZJB-08196 in 500-mL shake flasks was investigated, and validamine was found to be the most effective strategy. Under the optimal conditions of validamine addition, acarbose titer was increased from 3560 ± 128 mg/L to 4950 ± 156 mg/L, and impurity C concentration was concurrently decreased from 289 ± 24 mg/L to 107 ± 29 mg/L in batch fermentation after 168 h of cultivation. A further fed-batch experiment coupled with the addition of validamine (20 mg/L) in the fermentation medium prior to inoculation was designed to enhance the production of acarbose. When twice feedings of a mixture of 6 g/L glucose, 14 g/L maltose, and 9 g/L soybean flour were performed at 72 h and 96 h, acarbose titer reached 6606 ± 103 mg/L and impurity C concentration was only 212 ± 12 mg/L at 168 h of cultivation. Acarbose titer and proportion of acarbose/impurity C increased by 85.6% and 152.9% when compared with control experiments. This work demonstrates for the first time that validamine addition is a simple and effective strategy for increasing acarbose production and reducing impurity C formation.
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