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Zhou K, Yu J, Ma Y, Cai L, Zheng L, Gong W, Liu QA. Corn Steep Liquor: Green Biological Resources for Bioindustry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:3280-3295. [PMID: 35349086 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Corn steep liquor (CSL) is a by-product of the wet milling process and contains mostly crude proteins, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, reducing sugars, organic acids, enzymes and other nutrients. The concentration of organic matter in the CSL is high and the yield is large. If directly discharged into the integrated wastewater treatment system, the load and cost of wastewater treatment will be greatly increased. On the other hand, most of the organic matter in the CSL is a valuable resource that can be reused and recovered, and has a significant resource potential. How to develop and utilize CSL has become a major problem faced by enterprises and society. In recent years, people have done a lot of research on the comprehensive utilization of CSL. CSL is commonly used as an inexpensive source of nitrogen, carbon or vitamins in the production of glutamate, antibiotics, lactic acid and other biotechnologies. This article reviews the active ingredients of CSL and their analytical methods, as well as its use for microbial culture medium, low-cost animal feed, biosurfactant, and biostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemeng Zhou
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yu
- Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science & Technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an, 27100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohong Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Cai
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weili Gong
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ai Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biosensors, 250103, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Use of Corn-Steep Water Effluent as a Promising Substrate for Lactic Acid Production by Enterococcus faecium Strain WH51-1. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various challenges facing the industrial production of bio-based lactic acid (LA) such as cost of raw materials and nitrogen sources, as well as contamination risk by mesophilic and neutrophilic producers, should be overcome for the commercial production. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of corn steep water (CSW) as a raw material for LA production using a newly thermo-alkali-tolerant lactic acid bacterium. The physicochemical characteristics of CSW were investigated. The high carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, essential elements, minerals, and non-protein nitrogenous compounds content confirmed that the CSW is a promising substrate for LA production. Out of 67 bacterial isolates, Enterococcus faecium WH51-1 was selected based on its tolerance to high temperatures and inhibitory compounds (sodium metabisulfate, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, and formic acid). Fermentation factors including sugar concentration, temperature, inoculum size, and neutralizing agents were optimized for LA production. Lactic acid concentration of about 44.6 g/L with a high yield (0.89 ± 0.02 g/g) was obtained using 60 g/L of CSW sugar, inoculum size 10% (v/v), 45 °C, and sodium hydroxide or calcium carbonate as a neutralizing agent. These results demonstrated the potential of strain WH51-1 for LA production using CSW effluent as raw material.
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Zhou Z, Luo Y, Peng S, Zhang Q, Li Z, Li H. Enhancement of Butanol Production in a Newly Selected Strain through Accelerating Phase Shift by Different Phases C/N Ratio Regulation from Puerariae Slag Hydrolysate. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Risso F, Rochón E, Cebreiros F, Ferrari MD, Lareo C. Effect of Corn Steep Liquor on Butanol Fermentation of Eucalyptus Cellulose Enzymatic Hydrolysate. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Risso
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eloísa Rochón
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Cebreiros
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mario Daniel Ferrari
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudia Lareo
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Zhang J, Yu L, Lin M, Yan Q, Yang ST. n-Butanol production from sucrose and sugarcane juice by engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum overexpressing sucrose catabolism genes and adhE2. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 233:51-57. [PMID: 28258996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of n-butanol from sugarcane juice by metabolically engineered Clostridium tyrobutyricum Ct(Δack)-pscrBAK overexpressing scr operon genes (scrB, scrA, and scrK) for sucrose catabolism and an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adhE2) for butanol biosynthesis was studied with corn steep liquor (CSL) as a low-cost nitrogen source. In free cell fermentation, butanol production of ∼16g/L at a yield of 0.31±0.02g/g and productivity of 0.33±0.02g/L·h was obtained from sucrose and yield of 0.24±0.02g/g and productivity of 0.30±0.01g/L·h from sugarcane juice containing sucrose, glucose and fructose. The fermentation was also studied in a fibrous bed bioreactor (FBB) operated in a repeated batch mode for 10 consecutive cycles in 10days, achieving an average butanol yield of 0.21±0.02g/g and productivity of 0.53±0.05g/L·h from sugarcane juice, demonstrating its long-term stability without applying the antibiotic selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Zhang
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China; William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Le Yu
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Meng Lin
- Bioprocessing Innovative Company, 4734 Bridle Path Ct., Dublin, OH 43017, USA
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Utilization of economical substrate-derived carbohydrates by solventogenic clostridia: pathway dissection, regulation and engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 29:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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