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Gunasekaran V, Canela N, Constantí M. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of an Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether-Degrading Bacterial Consortium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122331. [PMID: 36557584 PMCID: PMC9781318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A bacterial consortium capable of degrading ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) as a sole carbon source was enriched and isolated from gasoline-contaminated water. Arthrobacter sp., Herbaspirillum sp., Pseudacidovorax sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Xanthomonas sp. were identified as the initial populations with the 16S rDNA analysis. The consortium aerobically degraded 49% of 50 mg/L of ETBE, in 6 days. The ETBE degrading efficiency of the consortium increased to 98% even with the higher concentrations of ETBE (1000 mg/L) in the subsequent subcultures, which accumulated tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Xanthomonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were identified as the predominant ETBE degrading populations in the final subculture. The metaproteome of the ETBE-grown bacterial consortium was compared with the glucose-grown bacterial consortium, using 2D-DIGE. Proteins related to the ETBE metabolism, stress response, carbon metabolism and chaperones were found to be abundant in the presence of ETBE while proteins related to cell division were less abundant. The metaproteomic study revealed that the ETBE does have an effect on the metabolism of the bacterial consortium. It also enabled us to understand the responses of the complex bacterial consortium to ETBE, thus revealing interesting facts about the ETBE degrading bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalakshmi Gunasekaran
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- FA Bio, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-977-558457 (M.C.)
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Av. Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Magda Constantí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.G.); (M.C.); Tel.: +34-977-558457 (M.C.)
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Thornton SF, Nicholls HCG, Rolfe SA, Mallinson HEH, Spence MJ. Biodegradation and fate of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in soil and groundwater: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122046. [PMID: 32145642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the biodegradation and fate of the gasoline ether oxygenate ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) in soil and groundwater. Microorganisms have been identified in soil and groundwater with the ability to degrade ETBE aerobically as a carbon and energy source, or via cometabolism using alkanes as growth substrates. Aerobic biodegradation of ETBE initially occurs via hydroxylation of the ethoxy carbon by a monooxygenase enzyme, with subsequent formation of intermediates which include acetaldehyde, tert-butyl acetate (TBAc), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanol (MHP) and 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2-HIBA). Slow cell growth and low biomass yields on ETBE are believed to result from the ether structure and slow degradation kinetics, with potential limitations on ETBE metabolism. Genes known to facilitate transformation of ETBE include ethB (within the ethRABCD cluster), encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and alkB-encoding alkane hydroxylases. Other genes have been identified in microorganisms but their activity and specificity towards ETBE remains poorly characterised. Microorganisms and pathways supporting anaerobic biodegradation of ETBE have not been identified, although this potential has been demonstrated in limited field and laboratory studies. The presence of co-contaminants (other ether oxygenates, hydrocarbons and organic compounds) in soil and groundwater may limit aerobic biodegradation of ETBE by preferential metabolism and consumption of available dissolved oxygen or enhance ETBE biodegradation through cometabolism. Both ETBE-degrading microorganisms and alkane-oxidising bacteria have been characterised, with potential for use in bioaugmentation and biostimulation of ETBE degradation in groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Thornton
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Dept of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - H C G Nicholls
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Dept of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - S A Rolfe
- Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - H E H Mallinson
- Groundwater Protection and Restoration Group, Dept of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - M J Spence
- Concawe, Environmental Science for European Refining, Boulevard du Souverain 165, 1160 Brussels, Belgium
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Hashemi SH, Kaykhaii M, Mirmoghaddam M, Boczkaj G. Preconcentration and Analytical Methods for Determination of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates and Their Degradation Products in Environment: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:582-608. [PMID: 32312086 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1753164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fuel oxygenates (FOs) are mainly ethers or alcohols which are added to gasoline either to boost the octane number or to make the fuel burning process more "cleaner" with increasing the oxygen content, or to obtain a combination of both effects. FOs are water soluble with high mobility in the environment which presence even at very low concentrations lower the quality of water making it unsafe or unpleasant due to their objectionable taste and/or odor. Thus, their determination at trace in environmental samples is of high importance because of their sparingly biodegradability and their biological hazards. Instruments such as gas chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion mobility spectrometry are mainly used for the determination of FOs. However, the main challenge for determination of such oxygenates relates to proper sample preparation. Dilute or complex samples often demand a specific treatment to ensure effective enrichment of FOs before their detection. The main techniques used for this purpose are purge and trap, membrane extraction, and solid phase microextraction. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of extraction/preconcentration techniques and analytical methods for determination of FOs in environmental samples. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed in details along with critical evaluation of currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Hossein Hashemi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Massoud Kaykhaii
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Majid Mirmoghaddam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
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Yu Y, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Proteomic mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) biodegradation by Microbacterium Y2 and its potential in remediation of BDE-209 contaminated water-sediment system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121708. [PMID: 31806441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of BDE-209 degradation by Microbacterium Y2 under different condition was conducted. Cell membrane permeability, cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), membrane potential (MP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were altered under BDE-209 stress. Eleven debrominated congeners were identified, suggesting that BDE-209 biodegradation by Microbacterium Y2 was dominantly a successive debromination process. Proteome analysis showed that the overexpression of haloacid dehalogenases, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters might occupy important roles in BDE-209 biotransformation. Meanwhile, heat shock proteins (HSPs), ribonuclease E, oligoribonuclease (Orn) and ribosomal protein were activated to counter the BDE-209 toxicity. The up-regulated pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component beta subunit and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase suggested that the pyruvate metabolism pathway was activated. Bioaugmentation of BDE-209 polluted water-sediments system with Microbacterium Y2 could efficiently improve BDE-209 removal. The detection of total 16S rRNA genes in treatment system suggested that Microbacterium (25.6 %), Luteimonas (14.3 %), Methylovorus (12.6 %), Hyphomicrobium (9.2 %) were the dominant genera and PICRUSt results further revealed that the diminution of BDE-209 was owed to cooperation between the introduced bacteria and aboriginal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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van der Waals MJ, Pijls C, Sinke AJC, Langenhoff AAM, Smidt H, Gerritse J. Anaerobic degradation of a mixture of MtBE, EtBE, TBA, and benzene under different redox conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3387-3397. [PMID: 29478141 PMCID: PMC5852185 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of biobased fuels and fuel additives can potentially change the typical fuel-related contamination in soil and groundwater. Anaerobic biotransformation of the biofuel additive ethyl tert-butyl ether (EtBE), as well as of methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE), benzene, and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA, a possible oxygenate metabolite), was studied at an industrially contaminated site and in the laboratory. Analysis of groundwater samples indicated that in the field MtBE was degraded, yielding TBA as major product. In batch microcosms, MtBE was degraded under different conditions: unamended control, with medium without added electron acceptors, or with ferrihydrite or sulfate (with or without medium) as electron acceptor, respectively. Degradation of EtBE was not observed under any of these conditions tested. TBA was partially depleted in parallel with MtBE. Results of microcosm experiments with MtBE substrate analogues, i.e., syringate, vanillate, or ferulate, were in line with the hypothesis that the observed TBA degradation is a cometabolic process. Microcosms with ferulate, syringate, isopropanol, or diethyl ether showed EtBE depletion up to 86.5% of the initial concentration after 83 days. Benzene was degraded in the unamended controls, with medium without added electron acceptors and with ferrihydrite, sulfate, or chlorate as electron acceptor, respectively. In the presence of nitrate, benzene was only degraded after addition of an anaerobic benzene-degrading community. Nitrate and chlorate hindered MtBE, EtBE, and TBA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle J van der Waals
- Deltares, Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Charles Pijls
- Tauw, Handelskade 37, 7400 AC, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Anja J C Sinke
- BP International Limited, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex, TW167BP, UK
| | - Alette A M Langenhoff
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Gerritse
- Deltares, Subsurface and Groundwater Systems, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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