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Saovieng S, Wu J, Jean WH, Huang CY, Higgins MF, Alkhatib A, Korivi M, Chen CN, Kuo CH. Lower tumorigenesis without life extension in rats receiving lifelong deep ocean minerals. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3964-3973. [PMID: 32243710 PMCID: PMC7286465 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring tumor in animals receiving high minerals from deep oceans (DOM: hardness 600 mg/L) from 6 months of age until natural death was firstly assessed in 200 Sprague Dawley rats, randomized into four groups: Control (C), DOM (D), Fructose (F), and Fructose + DOM (FD). Fructose drink contained 11% fructose. Tumor incidence (necropsy at death) in the D group was ~40% lower than that in the C group (P < .05), together with lower body mass gain and greater locomotive activity during their initial 18 months (P < .05) but not during later life. X‐ray image analysis on abnormal solid tissue among survivors at 18 and 24 months of age confirms a similar trend, exhibiting ~50% and ~65% lower tumor incidence than the C and F groups, respectively. Reduced‐to‐oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) declined with age for the first three quarters of life on all groups (P < .05), followed by a resurgence during end‐life among survivors at 24 months. This resurgence is markedly associated with lower tumor expansion but unrelated with DOM supplementation. Our results demonstrate valuable application of minerals and trace elements from deep oceans, as a vastly available natural source, on tumor suppression during normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Saovieng
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,College of Sports Science & Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Jinfu Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan ROC.,Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Wei-Horng Jean
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far East Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan ROC.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC.,Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan ROC.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan ROC.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | | | - Ahmad Alkhatib
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- College of Physical Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Lee KS, Lee MG, Woo YJ, Nam KS. The preventive effect of deep sea water on the development of cancerous skin cells through the induction of autophagic cell death in UVB-damaged HaCaT keratinocyte. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:282-291. [PMID: 30590316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet light (UV) is a major inducer of skin cancer. Therefore, recovery and removal of UV-damaged skin cells are important in the prevention of skin carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect of deep sea water (DSW) in HaCaT keratinocyte exposed by UVB (λ = 290∼320 nm). The result showed that UVB-induced cell death was reinforced by DSW treatment in a hardness-dependent manner. Furthermore, the increase of cell death by DSW was associated with the down-regulation of survivin and RAD51 expressions induced by UVB. Moreover, we confirmed the inhibition of H2 A.X phosphorylation, a marker for double-stranded DNA damage, and the enhancement of LC3-II and SQSTM1/p62 expressions by DSW administration in UVB-radiated HaCaT keratinocyte. The results imply that the enhancement of UVB-induced cell death by DSW is associated with autophagy. Therefore, we further explored the regulation of autophagy-regulating proteins and apoptosis-related factors expression. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein S6, and S6 kinase by UVB radiation were regressed via DSW treatment, underlying the increase of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, UVB-enhanced nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylations were increased with DSW treatment. Contrastingly, DSW lessened the Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase induced by UVB radiation. Consequently, the results demonstrate that DSW enhances UVB-damaged skin cell clearance through the activation of autophagic cell death underlying the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR signaling as well as NF-κB and JNK phosphorylations. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that DSW is a potent candidate for the prevention of UV-induced skin cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Lee KS, Chun SY, Lee MG, Kim S, Jang TJ, Nam KS. The prevention of TNF-α/IFN-γ mixture-induced inflammation in human keratinocyte and atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice by mineral-balanced deep sea water. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1331-1340. [PMID: 29156522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease caused by environmental and chemical allergens. Despite the complexity of its pathogenesis, many investigations have shown that substances having anti-inflammatory activities alleviated the pathology of AD. Here, we evaluated the effects of mineral-balanced deep sea water (DSW) on AD-like skin damage in both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that mineral-balanced DSW regressed inflammatory chemokines, such as macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA expression in HaCaT immortal human keratinocyte treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/ interferon (IFN)-γ mixture. Furthermore, increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expressions were also reversed, filaggrin gene expression was enhanced and decreased involucrin transcriptions was recovered by mineral-balanced DSW in TNF-α/IFN-γ mixture-treated HaCaT human keratinocyte. Moreover, we revealed that the inhibitory effects of mineral-balanced DSW were mediated with the suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 phosphorylation. In animal experiments, we showed that hardness 2000 of mineral-balanced DSW decreased the serum levels of IgE, IL-4, and histamine, and alleviated the severity score and numbers of scratching in dinitrochlorobezene (DNCB)-treated Nc/Nga mice. Furthermore, increased epidermal thickness and mast cell infiltration by DNCB treatment were reversed by the application of hardness 2000 mineral-balanced DSW. Taken together, the present investigation indicates that mineral-balanced DSW is a potent substance with anti-atopic dermatitis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Shik Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Chun
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Nam
- Department of Pharmacology and Intractable Disease Research Center, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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