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Muthukrishnan L. Bio‐engineering of microalgae: Challenges and future prospects toward industrial and environmental applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:310-329. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmipathy Muthukrishnan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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Zanchetta E, Damergi E, Patel B, Borgmeyer T, Pick H, Pulgarin A, Ludwig C. Algal cellulose, production and potential use in plastics: Challenges and opportunities. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang W, Xue Z, Miao J, Cai M, Zhang C, Li T, Zhang B, Tyler BM, Liu X. PcMuORP1, an Oxathiapiprolin-Resistance Gene, Functions as a Novel Selection Marker for Phytophthora Transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2402. [PMID: 31708886 PMCID: PMC6821980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora, a genus of oomycetes, contains many devastating plant pathogens, which cause substantial economic losses worldwide. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing tool was introduced into Phytophthora to delineate the functionality of individual genes. The available selection markers for Phytophthora transformation, however, are limited, which can restrain transgenic manipulation in some cases. We hypothesized that PcMuORP1, an endogenous fungicide resistance gene from P. capsici that confers resistance to the fungicide oxathiapiprolin via an altered target site in the ORP1 protein, could be used as an alternative marker. To test this hypothesis, the gene PcMuORP1 was introduced into the CRISPR/Cas9 system and complementation of a deleted gene in P. capsici was achieved using it as a selection marker. All of the oxathiapiprolin-resistant transformants were confirmed to contain the marker gene, indicating that the positive screening rate was 100%. The novel selection marker could also be used in other representative Phytophthora species including P. sojae and P. litchii, also with 100% positive screening rate. Furthermore, comparative studies indicated that use of PcMuORP1 resulted in a much higher efficiency of screening compared to the conventional selection marker NPT II, especially in P. capsici. Successive subculture and asexual reproduction in the absence of selective pressure were found to result in the loss of the selection marker from the transformants, which indicates that the PcMuORP1 gene would have little long term influence on the fitness of transformants and could be reused as the selection marker in subsequent projects. Thus, we have created an alternative selection marker for Phytophthora transformation by using a fungicide resistance gene, which would accelerate functional studies of genes in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolin Xue
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tengjiao Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Borui Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Marine Natural Products from Microalgae: An -Omics Overview. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050269. [PMID: 31067655 PMCID: PMC6562964 DOI: 10.3390/md17050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, genome sequences and other -omics datasets have been produced for a wide range of microalgae, and several others are on the way. Marine microalgae possess distinct and unique metabolic pathways, and can potentially produce specific secondary metabolites with biological activity (e.g., antipredator, allelopathic, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, anticancer, photoprotective, as well as anti-infective and antifouling activities). Because microalgae are very diverse, and adapted to a broad variety of environmental conditions, the chances to find novel and unexplored bioactive metabolites with properties of interest for biotechnological and biomedical applications are high. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current efforts and of the available solutions to produce, explore and exploit -omics datasets, with the aim of identifying species and strains with the highest potential for the identification of novel marine natural products. In addition, funding efforts for the implementation of marine microalgal -omics resources and future perspectives are presented as well.
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Bt Md Nasir NAN, Islam AKMA, Anuar N, Yaakob Z. Genetic Improvement and Challenges for Cultivation of Microalgae for Biodiesel: A Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180627115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are a viable alternative for biofuel production to replace the world dependency on
fossil fuel. It has a wide range of application for the sustainable production of biomaterials. Microalgae
can convert solar energy into important natural components by utilizing marginal nutrients, wastewater
and exhaust CO2 without sharing expensive crop field. Microalgae also have the potentiality to generate
several promising components such as Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), organic pigments and
pharmaceutically important hydrocarbons. Cultivation and production of microalgae biomass have multifaceted
challenges due to the requirement of large volume of water for the algae growth, high processing
cost and contamination by pathogens. Genetic improvement and modifications are essential to
construct superior microalgae for manufacturing industries using various methods such as selection of
novel strain, stress tolerance, resistance to pathogens, product development and metabolic pathways and
cellular contents. In addition, technologies related to cultivation, harvesting, extraction and processing
are essential to develop for the growth of novel microalgae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor-Anis N. Bt Md Nasir
- Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan Kampus, 25710, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - A. K. M. Aminul Islam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Nurina Anuar
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
| | - Zahira Yaakob
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia
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Naghshbandi MP, Tabatabaei M, Aghbashlo M, Aftab MN, Iqbal I. Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuel Production. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1980:153-172. [PMID: 30666564 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as promising cell factories for the production of various types of biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen by using carbon dioxide and sunlight. In spite of unique advantages of these microorganisms, the commercialization of microalgal biofuels has been hindered by poor economic features. Metabolic engineering is among the most promising strategies put forth to overcome this challenge. In this chapter, metabolic pathways involved in lipid and hydrogen production by microalgae are reviewed and discussed. Moreover, metabolic and genetic engineering approaches investigated for improving the rate of lipid (as a feedstock for biodiesel production) and biohydrogen synthesis are presented. Finally, genetic engineering tools and approaches employed for engineering microalgal metabolic pathways are elaborated. A thorough step-by-step protocol for reconstructing the metabolic pathway of various microorganisms including microalgae is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pooya Naghshbandi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. .,Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Muhammad Nauman Aftab
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfana Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rocha RP, Machado M, Vaz MGMV, Vinson CC, Leite M, Richard R, Mendes LBB, Araujo WL, Caldana C, Martins MA, Williams TC, Nunes-Nesi A. Exploring the metabolic and physiological diversity of native microalgal strains (Chlorophyta) isolated from tropical freshwater reservoirs. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ng I, Tan S, Kao P, Chang Y, Chang J. Recent Developments on Genetic Engineering of Microalgae for Biofuels and Bio‐Based Chemicals. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I‐Son Ng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Shih‐I Tan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Hsun Kao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Kaung Chang
- Graduate School of Biochemical EngineeringMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei City24301Taiwan
| | - Jo‐Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
- Research Center for Energy Technology and StrategyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
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The Effect of Kanamycin and Tetracycline on Growth and Photosynthetic Activity of Two Chlorophyte Algae. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5656304. [PMID: 27747232 PMCID: PMC5055999 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5656304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are routinely used in microalgae culture screening, stock culture maintenance, and genetic transformation. By studying the effect of antibiotics on microalgae growth, we can estimate the least value to inhibit growth of undesired pathogens in algal culture. We studied the effect of kanamycin and tetracycline on the growth and photosynthetic activity of two chlorophyte microalgae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum and Micractinium pusillum. We measured CFU mL-1 on agar plates, optical density, fluorescence yields, and photosynthetic inhibition. Our results showed a significant effect of kan and tet on the tested microalgae species except tet, which showed a minor effect on M. pusillum. Both antibiotics are believed to interact with the protein synthesis machinery; hence, the inhibitory effect of the tested antibiotics was further confirmed by isolation and quantification of the whole cell protein. A significant reduction in protein quantity was observed at concentrations more than 5 mg L-1, except M. pusillum, which showed only a slight reduction in protein quantity even at the maximum tested concentration of tet (30 mg L-1). This study can further aid in aquaculture industry, for the maintenance of the microalgae stock cultures and it can also help the microalgae genetic engineers in the construction of molecular markers.
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