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Bhuimbar MV, Jalkute CB, Bhagwat PK, Dandge PB. Purification, characterization and application of collagenolytic protease from Bacillus subtilis strain MPK. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:21-28. [PMID: 38637241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A new extracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis strain MPK with collagenolytic activity was isolated and purified. Fish skin which otherwise would be treated as waste is used as substrate for the production of protease. Using various techniques such as ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, protease was purified and characterized subsequently. Protease of approximately 61 kDa molecular weight was purified by 135.7-fold with 18.42% enzyme recovery. The protease showed effective properties like pH and temperature stability over a broad range with optimum pH 7.5 and temperature 60 °C. Km and Vmax were found to be 1.92 mg ml-1 and 1.02 × 10-4 mol L-1 min-1, respectively. The protease exhibited stability in various ions, surfactants, inhibitors and organic solvents. Subsequently, the protease was successfully utilized for collagen hydrolysis to generate collagen peptides; thus, the produced protease would be a potential candidate for multifaceted applications in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its significant characteristics and collagenolytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Vijay Bhuimbar
- PG Department of Microbiology & Research Center, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi 413411, MS, India
| | - Chidambar Balbhim Jalkute
- PG Department of Microbiology & Research Center, Shri Shivaji Mahavidyalaya, Barshi 413411, MS, India
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Elaine Mankge M, Penistacia Maela M, Mark Abrahams A, Hope Serepa-Dlamini M. Screening of Bacillus spp. bacterial endophytes for protease production, and application in feather degradation and bio-detergent additive. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30736. [PMID: 38765083 PMCID: PMC11098850 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on proteases and secondary metabolites from endophytes is an area that requires attention from researchers. In this study, proteases from Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 endophytes were characterised, and their potential biotechnological applications were investigated. Optimum protease production was achieved when isolates were grown in media containing (g/L): glucose 10g, casein 5g, yeast extract 5g, KH2PO4 2g, Na2CO3 10g at pH 9. The crude protease extracts were active in alkaline environments, thus referred to as alkaline proteases with optimal pH of 10. Additionally, Bacillus sp. strain MHSD 16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17 proteases were active at high temperatures, with optimum enzyme activity at 50 °C. Thermostability profiles of these proteases showed that the enzymes were highly stable between (40-60 °C), maintaining over 85 % stability after 120 min incubation at 60 °C. Furthermore, the enzymes were stable and compatible with various household and laundry detergents. In the presence of commercial laundry detergent, OMO® 68 % and 72 % activity was retained for Bacillus sp. strain MHSD16 and Bacillus sp. strain MHSD17, respectively, while 67 % and 68 % activity were retained in the presence of Sunlight®. The potential application for use in detergents was investigated through the removal of blood stains with the crude alkaline extracts displaying efficient stain removal abilities. Feather degradation was also investigated and Bacillus sp. MHSD17 exhibited feather keratin degrading properties more effectively than Bacillus sp. MHSD16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malese Elaine Mankge
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mehabo Penistacia Maela
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Adrian Mark Abrahams
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
| | - Mahloro Hope Serepa-Dlamini
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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Maral-Gül D, Eltem R. Evaluation of Bacillus isolates as a biological control agents against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00490-1. [PMID: 38376639 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides, used in agriculture to control plant diseases, pose risks to the environment and human health. To address this, there's a growing focus on biocontrol, using microorganisms instead of chemicals. In this study, we aimed to identify Bacillus isolates as potential biological control agents. We tested 1574 Bacillus isolates for antifungal effects against pathogens like Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia solani. Out of these, 77 isolates formed inhibition zones against all three pathogens. We then investigated their lytic enzyme activities (protease, chitinase, and chitosanase) and the production of antifungal metabolites (siderophore and hydrogen cyanide). Coagulase activity was also examined to estimate potential pathogenicity in humans and animals. After evaluating all mechanisms, 19 non-pathogenic Bacillus isolates with significant antifungal effects were chosen. Molecular identification revealed they belonged to B. subtilis (n = 19) strains. The 19 native Bacillus strains, demonstrating strong antifungal effects in vitro, have the potential to form the basis for biocontrol product development. This could address challenges in agricultural production, marking a crucial stride toward sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Maral-Gül
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-Izmir, Türkiye.
| | - Rengin Eltem
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Salem GEM, Azzam SM, Nasser MA, Malah TE, Abd El-Latief HM, Chavanich S, Khan RH, Anwar HM. Bacterial protease alleviate chronic liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide through suppression of hepatic stellate cells consequently decrease its proliferative index. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124243. [PMID: 37011746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In chronic liver diseases, liver fibrosis occurs due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) protein accumulation. Approximately 2 million deaths occur yearly due to liver disease, while cirrhosis is the 11th most common cause of death. Therefore, newer compounds or biomolecules must be synthesized to treat chronic liver diseases. In this aspect, the present study focuses on the assessment of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant impact of Bacterial Protease (BP) produced by a new mutant strain of bacteria (Bacillus cereus S6-3/UM90) and 4,4'-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) bis (1-(3-ethoxy phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole) (DPET) in the treatment of early stage of liver fibrosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). Sixty male rats were divided into six groups, ten rats each as follows: (1) Control group, (2) BP group, (3) TAA group, (4) TAA-Silymarin (S) group, (5) TAA-BP group, and (6) TAA-DPET group. Liver fibrosis significantly elevated liver function ALT, AST, and ALP, as well as anti-inflammatory interleukin 6 (IL-6) and VEGF. The oxidative stress parameters (MDA, SOD, and NO) were significantly increased with a marked reduction in GSH. Expression of MAPK and MCP-1 was unregulated in the TAA group, with downregulation of Nrf2 was observed. TAA caused histopathological alterations associated with hepatic vacuolation and fibrosis, increasing collagen fibers and high immuno-expression of VEGF. On the other hand, treatment with BP successfully improved the severe effects of TAA on the liver and restored histological architecture. Our study concluded the protective potentials of BP for attenuating liver fibrosis and could be used as adjuvant therapy for treating hepatic fibrosis.
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Two-Step Purification and Partial Characterization of Keratinolytic Proteases from Feather Meal Bioconversion by Bacillus sp. P45. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to purify and partially characterize a keratinolytic protease produced by Bacillus sp. P45 through bioconversion of feather meal. Crude protease extract was purified using a sequence of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in large volume systems (10, 50, and 500 g) to increase obtaining purified enzyme, followed by a diafiltration (DF) step. Purified protease was characterized in terms of protein profile analysis by SDS-PAGE, optimum temperature and pH, thermal deactivation kinetics at different temperatures and pH, and performance in the presence of several salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MnCl2, CaO, C8H5KO4, MgSO4, CuSO4, ZnSO4, and FeCl3) and organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, diethyl ether, and formaldehyde). ATPS with high capacities resulted in purer protease extract without compromising purity and yields, reaching a purification factor up to 2.6-fold and 6.7-fold in first and second ATPS, respectively, and 4.0-fold in the DF process. Recoveries were up to 79% in both ATPS and reached 84.3% after the DF step. The electrophoretic analysis demonstrated a 25–28 kDa band related to keratinolytic protease. The purified protease’s optimum temperature and pH were 55 °C and 7.5, respectively. The deactivation energy (Ed) value was 118.0 kJ/mol, while D (decimal reduction time) and z (temperature interval required to reduce the D value in one log cycle) values ranged from 6.7 to 237.3 min and from 13.6 to 18.8 °C, respectively. Salts such as CaCl2, CaO, C8H5KO4, and MgSO4 increased the protease activity, while all organic solvents caused its decrease. The results are useful for future studies about ATPS scale-up for enzyme purification and protease application in different industrial processes.
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A survey of elastase-producing bacteria and characteristics of the most potent producer, Priestia megaterium gasm32. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282963. [PMID: 36913358 PMCID: PMC10010523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ninety-one elastase-producing bacterial isolates were recovered from different localities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Elastase from the best isolate Priestia megaterium gasm32, from luncheon samples was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-100 chromatographic techniques. The recovery was 17.7%, the purification fold was 11.7x, and the molecular mass was 30 kDa. Enzymatic activity was highly repressed by Ba2+ and almost completely lost by EDTA, but it was greatly stimulated by Cu2+ ions, suggesting a metalloprotease type. The enzyme was stable at 45°C and pH 6.0-10.0 for 2 hours. Ca2+ ions considerably enhanced the stability of the heat-treated enzyme. The Vmax and Km against the synthetic substrate elastin-Congo red were 6.03 mg/mL, and 8.82 U/mg, respectively. Interestingly, the enzyme showed potent antibacterial activity against many bacterial pathogens. Under SEM, most bacterial cells showed loss of integrity, damage, and perforation. SEM micrographs also showed a time-dependent gradual breakdown of elastin fibers exposed to elastase. After 3 hours, intact elastin fibers disappeared, leaving irregular pieces. Given these good features, this elastase may be a promising candidate for treating damaged skin fibers with the inhibition of contaminating bacteria.
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Talhi I, Dehimat L, Jaouani A, Cherfia R, Berkani M, Almomani F, Vasseghian Y, Chaouche NK. Optimization of thermostable proteases production under agro-wastes solid-state fermentation by a new thermophilic Mycothermus thermophilus isolated from a hydrothermal spring Hammam Debagh, Algeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131479. [PMID: 34315081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates for the first time the presence and isolation of the thermophilic fungi from hydrothermal spring situated at the locality of Guelma, in the Northeast of Algeria. The production of the thermostable proteases and the optimization of culture conditions under agro-wastes solid-state fermentation to achieve optimal production capacity were explored. A statistical experimental approach consisting of two designs was used to determine the optimum culture conditions and to attain the greatest enzyme production. Besides, different agricultural wastes were initially evaluated as a substrate, whereby wheat bran was selected for enzyme production by the isolate under solid-state conditions. The isolate thermophilic fungi were identified as Mycothermus thermophilus by sequencing the ITS region of the rDNA (NCBI Accession No: MK770356.1). Among the various screened variables: the temperature, the inoculum size, and the moisture were proved to have the most significant effects on protease activity. Employing two-level fractional Plackett-Burman and a Box-Behnken designs statistical approach helped in identifying optimum values of screened factors and their interactions. The analysis showed up 6.17-fold improvement in the production of proteases (~1187.03 U/mL) was achieved under the optimal conditions of moisture content 47%, inoculum 5 × 105 spores/g, and temperature at 42 °C. These significant findings highlight the importance of the statistical design in isolation of Mycothermus thermophilus species from a specific location as well as identifying the optimal culture conditions for maximum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Talhi
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, BP, 325 Route de Aïn El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Laid Dehimat
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, BP, 325 Route de Aïn El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Atef Jaouani
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LMBA) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Campus Universitaire 2092 El Manar, Tunisie
| | - Radia Cherfia
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, BP, 325 Route de Aïn El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66, 25100 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Noreddine Kacem Chaouche
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, de Biotechnologie et de l'Activité Microbienne (LaMyBAM), Département de Biologie Appliquée, Université des Frères Mentouri, Constantine 1, BP, 325 Route de Aïn El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
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Nogueira LS, Tavares IMDC, Santana NB, Ferrão SPB, Teixeira JM, Costa FS, Silva TP, Pereira HJV, Irfan M, Bilal M, de Oliveira JR, Franco M. Thermostable trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti secreted in cocoa shell fermentation: Production optimization, characterization, and application in milk clotting. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2069-2080. [PMID: 34617635 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for cheese and the limited availability of calf rennet justifies the search for milk-clotting enzymes from alternative sources. Trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti was produced by solid-state fermentation using cocoa shell waste as substrate. The production of a crude enzyme extract that is rich in this enzyme was optimized using a Doehlert-type multivariate experimental design. The biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme has excellent activity and stability at alkaline pH (10-12) and an optimum temperature of 80°C, being stable at temperatures above 60°C. Enzymatic activity was maximized in the presence of Na+ (192%), Co2+ (187%), methanol (153%), ethanol (141%), and hexane (128%). Considering the biochemical characteristics obtained and the milk coagulation activity, trypsin-like protease can be applied in the food industry, such as in milk clotting and in the fabrication of cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Santana Nogueira
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nívio Batista Santana
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tatielle Pereira Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Wang T, Liang C, Xiao S, Li L, Xu H, An Y, Zheng M, Liu L. A Thermostable Aluminum-Tolerant Protease Produced by Feather-Degrading Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated from Tea Plantation. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:563-572. [PMID: 33143609 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666201103153309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteases with keratinolytic activity are widely used in biotechnologies. The feather-degrading Bacillus thuringensis isolated from soil sample of a tea plantation produced high level of extracellular keratinase. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the properties by biochemical and enzymological methods to gain information for better utilization of the enzyme. METHODS The enzyme was purified with ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The substrate preference, optimal pH and temperature, and the effects of organic solvents and ions were checked. Circular dichroism was performed to compare the secondary structures of the native and apo-enzyme. RESULTS The enzyme worked best at 50°C, and it was an acidic serine protease with an optimal pH of 6.2. Ions Ca2+ and Mg2+ were essential for its activity. Organic solvents and other metal ions generally deactivated the enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner. However, Mn2+ and DMSO, which were frequently reported as inhibitors of protease, could activate the enzyme at low concentration (0.01 to 2 mmol/L of Mn2+; DMSO <2%, v/v). The enzyme exhibited high resistance to Al3+, which might be explained by the soil properties of its host's residence. Circular dichroism confirmed the contribution of ions to the structure and activity. CONCLUSION The enzyme was a thermostable aluminum-tolerant serine protease with unique biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Sha Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Li Li
- Fujian Provincial University Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hongju Xu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yafei An
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Mengyuan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, and Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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Biochemical Characterization and Functional Analysis of Heat Stable High Potential Protease of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain HM48 from Soils of Dachigam National Park in Kashmir Himalaya. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010117. [PMID: 33477596 PMCID: PMC7831320 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel temperature stable alkaline protease yielding bacteria was isolated from the soils of Dachigam National Park, which is known to be inhabited by a wide variety of endemic plant and animal species of Western Himalaya. This high-potential protease producing isolate was characterized and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HM48 by morphological, Gram’s staining and biochemical techniques followed by molecular characterization using 16S rRNA approach. The extracellular protease of B. amyloliquefaciens HM48 was purified by precipitating with ammonium sulfate (80%), followed by dialysis and Gel filtration chromatography increasing its purity by 5.8-fold. The SDS–PAGE analysis of the purified enzyme confirmed a molecular weight of about ≈25 kDa. The enzyme displayed exceptional activity in a broad temperature range (10–90 °C) at pH 8.0, retaining its maximum at 70 °C, being the highest reported for this proteolytic Bacillus sp., with KM and Vmax of 11.71 mg/mL and 357.14 µmol/mL/min, respectively. The enzyme exhibited remarkable activity and stability against various metal ions, surfactants, oxidizing agent (H2O2), organic solvents and displayed outstanding compatibility with widely used detergents. This protease showed effective wash performance by exemplifying complete blood and egg-yolk stains removal at 70 °C and efficiently disintegrated chicken feathers making it of vital importance for laundry purpose and waste management. For functional analysis, protease gene amplification of strain HM48 yielded a nucleotide sequence of about 700 bp, which, when checked against the available sequences in NCBI, displayed similarity with subtilisin-like serine protease of B. amyloliquefaciens. The structure of this protease and its highest-priority substrate β-casein was generated through protein modeling. These protein models were validated through futuristic algorithms following which protein–protein (protease from HM48 and β-casein) docking was performed. The interaction profile of these proteins in the docked state with each other was also generated, shedding light on their finer details. Such attributes make this thermally stable protease novel and suitable for high-temperature industrial and environmental applications.
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Identification of a Novel Thermostable Alkaline Protease from Bacillus megaterium-TK1 for the Detergent and Leather Industry. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120472. [PMID: 33339223 PMCID: PMC7765983 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In the current investigation, we describe the characteristic features of a novel Bacillus megaterium bacterium-derived protease with excellent thermostable enzyme activity under stringent alkaline conditions. The protease is highly compatible with various detergents and thus appears to be an eco-friendly additive for a variety of industrial applications. Abstract An increased need by the green industry for enzymes that can be exploited for eco-friendly industrial applications led us to isolate and identify a unique protease obtained from a proteolytic Bacillus megaterium-TK1 strain from a seawater source. The extracellular thermostable serine protease was processed by multiple chromatography steps. The isolated protease displayed a relative molecular weight (MW) of 33 kDa (confirmed by zymography), optimal enzyme performance at pH 8.0, and maximum enzyme performance at 70 °C with 100% substrate specificity towards casein. The proteolytic action was blocked by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine hydrolase inactivator. Protease performance was augmented by several bivalent metal cations. The protease tolerance was studied under stringent conditions with different industrial dispersants and found to be stable with Surf Excel, Tide, or Rin detergents. Moreover, this protease could clean blood-stained fabrics and showed dehairing activity for cow skin with significantly reduced pollution loads. Our results suggest that this serine protease is a promising additive for various eco-friendly usages in both the detergent and leather industries.
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12
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Medium Optimization and Proteome Analysis of Protease Production by Janthinobacterium sp. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Emon TH, Hakim A, Chakraborthy D, Bhuyan FR, Iqbal A, Hasan M, Aunkor TH, Azad AK. Kinetics, detergent compatibility and feather-degrading capability of alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 produced with fermentation of organic municipal solid wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:1339-1348. [PMID: 32664813 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2020.1794207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline proteases having activity and stability at alkaline pH possess a large variety of applications in many industries. Growing renewed interest urges the need to find a single alkaline protease with promising properties to be used in different industrial processes. Herein, alkaline proteases produced through fermentation of cheap and easily available organic municipal solid wastes by Bacillus subtilis AKAL7 and Exiguobacterium indicum AKAL11 were purified to investigate their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, detergent compatibility, dehairing and feather-degrading capability. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum had molecular mass of ∼45 and 75 kDa, respectively. The protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum showed highest activity at 55 and 50 °C having low K m 1.17 and 0.567 mg/mL and high V max 416.67 and 333.33 µmole/min, respectively. The activation energy and temperature quotient of protease from B. subtilis and E. indicum were 26.52 and 65.75 kJ/mole, and 1.0004 and 1.0003 at 20-55 and 20-50 °C, respectively. Thermodynamics analysis revealed the formation of more ordered enzyme-substrate complexes along with spontenity of enzyme reaction. The protease from E. indicum exhibited better compatibility at higher concentration of detergents compared to that from B. subtilis. However, both proteases could retain more than 80% of the activity in the presence of 0.1% commercial laundry detergents. The purified protease from the both sources could degrade almost 90% of barbs and 40% of dry weight of the native feather and that from E. indicum could dehair cow skin. Results reported herein suggest that the alkaline protease from B. subtilis AKAL7 and E. indicum AKAL11 has biotechnological implications in detergent, leather and poultry feather processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Diptha Chakraborthy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Rumzum Bhuyan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Toasin Hossain Aunkor
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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14
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Zheng L, Yu X, Wei C, Qiu L, Yu C, Xing Q, Fan Y, Deng Z. Production and characterization of a novel alkaline protease from a newly isolated Neurospora crassa through solid-state fermentation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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Jayanthi D, Victor JS, Chellan R, Chellappa M. Influence of galactosidases on glycosaminoglycan removal Vis-à-Vis opening up of skin matrix to enable complete rehydration. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1061-1070. [PMID: 32025809 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic interventions in animal skin processing are increasingly being considered as safe and benign technology options due to the reduction and replacement of potential harmful chemicals. In this study, galactosidases have been employed for rehydration of preserved skins and hides to improve the process efficiency and minimize hazardous sodium sulfide. The purpose of rehydration is to ensure the skin is hydrated uniformly to facilitate subsequent physico-chemical processes of leather making. Improper rehydration leads to reduction in the quality and value of the leather. The efficacy of the enzymatic process was studied using histological images and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Pollution load changes and the extent of carbohydrate removal were also quantified. The study indicates possibility for substantial reduction in process duration and water input (up to 30%) during rehydration of preserved animal skins when galactosidases are used as rehydration aid without affecting the quality of the leather. Thus use of galactosidases in rehydration ensures uniform accelerated rehydration and provides significant environmental benefits to tanning industry, by reducing harmful substances in subsequent operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Jayanthi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CLRI Campus, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.,Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - John Sundar Victor
- Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Rose Chellan
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-CLRI, Chennai, India
| | - Muralidharan Chellappa
- Leather Processing Division, CSIR - Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, 600020, India.
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16
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Hammami A, Bayoudh A, Hadrich B, Abdelhedi O, Jridi M, Nasri M. Response‐surface methodology for the production and the purification of a new H
2
O
2
‐tolerant alkaline protease from
Bacillus invictae
AH1 strain. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2965. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hammami
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Bayoudh
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BejaUniversity of Jendouba Beja Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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17
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Complete Genome Sequence of Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici Strain ATCC 8042, an Autolytic Anti-bacterial Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Producer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Production optimisation and characterisation of extracellular protease secreted by newly isolated Bacillus subtilis AU-2 strain obtained from Tribolium castaneum gut. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Ahmed SA, Saleh SA, Abdel-Hameed SA, Fayad AM. Catalytic, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of free and immobilized caseinase on mica glass-ceramics. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01674. [PMID: 31193050 PMCID: PMC6514538 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus megaterium 314 strain was able to utilize agricultural and industrial wastes for metallo-protease production. Orange peel and wheat bran were found as the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Optimized production process enhanced the enzyme production by 5.1-folds. Glass and glass-ceramic with different particle sizes based on mica were used as inorganic carrier. Protease enzyme was immobilized by covalent bonding and physical adsorption methods on nanoparticle supports. Enzyme physically adsorbed on glass ceramic (particle size 0.71-1.0 mm) had the highest residual activity and the highest immobilization yield. Glass-ceramic was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immobilized enzyme exhibited activation energy (E a ) and deactivation rate constant at 60 °C (k d ) about 1.29 and 1.46-times, respectively lower than free enzyme. Moreover, adsorbed enzyme had higher energy for denaturation (E d ), half-life (t 1/2 ), and decimal reduction time (D). The thermodynamic parameters of irreversible thermal denaturation for the protease enzyme indicate that immobilized enzyme had higher enthalpy (ΔH°), free energy (ΔG°), and entropy (ΔS°) than free one. There was a significant improvement in the maximum reaction velocity Vmax (2.5-fold), Michaelis constant Km (1.9-fold), and catalytic efficiency Vmax/Km (4.7-fold) values after immobilization indicating the efficiency and effectiveness of immobilization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A. Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shireen A.A. Saleh
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amira M. Fayad
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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