1
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Pandya J, Tiwari AR, Thareja V. Role of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay for Diagnosis of Tuberculous Mastitis. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-019-02006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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2
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Almahmeed E, Alelq M, Alshaibani N. Isolated Primary Mammary Tuberculosis Mimicking Breast Carcinoma. Indian J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12262-021-02950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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3
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yang G, Yu T. Features of breast tuberculosis determined by ultrasound imaging: report of 45 cases. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520910891. [PMID: 32727242 PMCID: PMC7394031 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to characterize the ultrasound (US) imaging features of breast tuberculosis (BTB) to clarify the process of disease progression and provide valuable clinical information. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients with pathologically or GeneXpert-confirmed BTB from January 2010 to December 2017. We assessed the US features of target lesions including size, shape, orientation, margin, echogenicity, calcification, posterior acoustic features, and blood-flow signal. Results The patients were classified with nodular (55.5%, 25/45), abscess (15.6%, 7/45), or sinus (28.9%, 13/45) type according to their US features. Forty lesions (88.9%, 40/45) extended in a parallel orientation and five extended in a non-parallel orientation. Calcifications were found in eight cases, including six macrocalcifications and two microcalcifications. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes were observed in three cases (6.7%, 3/45). In addition, 44 of the 45 cases (97.8%, 44/45) exhibited hypovascularity or avascularity according to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). Conclusion BTB lesions can be classified as nodular, abscess, or sinus type according to their US imaging features. Poor blood supply detected by CDFI might be a common US feature of BTB. Characterization of its US features may facilitate the clinical diagnosis of BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyi Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhuo Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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4
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Bernheim A, Kempker RR, Hernandez-Romieu AC, Schechter MC, Little BP. Internal thoracic lymphadenopathy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Imaging 2020; 67:11-14. [PMID: 32497996 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internal thoracic lymphadenopathy (ITL) has been associated with malignancies and non-tuberculous empyema. However, the association between ITL and active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the correlation between ITL and other imaging characteristics of active PTB has not been examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study comprising 137 adults with active PTB who had a concomitant chest CT over a seven-year period was conducted. Two thoracic radiologists evaluated for ITL as well as nine other imaging characteristics of active tuberculosis, including total lung involvement (as measured by a total severity score), number of nodules, presence of tree-in-bud nodularity, highest extent of tree-in-bud nodularity in a lobe, miliary pattern, cavitary lesions, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy (excluding internal thoracic lymph nodes), and empyema. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and chi-squared tests were used to assess the correlation between ITL and additional imaging findings. RESULTS Internal thoracic lymphadenopathy was present in 50 of 137 cases (36.5%); most commonly bilateral (19.0%) or isolated on the right side (13.7%), and less commonly isolated on the left side (3.7%). Pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy (apart from internal thoracic compartment), and empyema all showed statistically significant correlations with ITL (p-values of <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS While the presence of ITL - particularly when accompanied by other imaging findings such as pleural effusion - may prompt a radiologist to first consider malignancy, active PTB should be an additional consideration in the appropriate clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bernheim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| | - Russell R Kempker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States of America.
| | - Alfonso C Hernandez-Romieu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 341 Ponce De Leon Ave, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Marcos C Schechter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 341 Ponce De Leon Ave, NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America.
| | - Brent P Little
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
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5
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Mathew D, Rubin G, Mahomed N, Rayne S. Imaging and clinical features of breast tuberculosis: a review series of 62 cases. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:561.e13-561.e24. [PMID: 32321647 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM To outline the disease burden of breast tuberculosis (TB) as a quantitative analysis amongst three tertiary hospitals in South Africa, with correlation to their clinical, demographic, and imaging features. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was undertaken over an 18-month period (01/01/2017-30/06/2018) of all patients undergoing laboratory investigations for breast disease at the mammography departments of these three tertiary centres. RESULTS The prevalence of breast TB was 2.5% (n=62) of 2,516 patients. The median age of presentation was 38.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 33-45). HIV status was known in 45 patients, of whom 36 were HIV infected (80%, 95% CI: 0.65-0.90, p<0.0001). Based on the ultrasound and/or mammogram findings, the patients were classified into five categories: TB breast abscess (40.3%), inflammatory/disseminated (24.2%), isolated TB lymphadenitis (22.6%), nodular (11.3%), and sclerosing form (1.6%). Histology demonstrated necrotising granulomatous inflammation in 57 cases (92%). Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were positive in 8.1% (n=5) of the cytology and 16.1% (n=10) of the histology specimens. Culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 27% (17 cases), and in 12.9% (n=8). AFB were detected histologically using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. CONCLUSION Knowledge of the varied clinical and radiological features is necessary to maintain a high degree of suspicion to prevent misdiagnoses, inappropriate management, and complications. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy rather than fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is advocated as the first-line intervention in diagnosing or excluding this disease, as it yields a better tissue sample and more often a positive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mathew
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Private Bag X39, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa; Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, PO Bertsham, Chris Hani, Johannesburg, 2013, South Africa; Helen Joseph Hospital, Private Bag X47, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - G Rubin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Helen Joseph Hospital, Private Bag X47, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - N Mahomed
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - S Rayne
- Department of Breast Surgery, Helen Joseph Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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6
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Isaakidis P, Bortolani A, Tognon F, Marotta C, Di Gennaro F, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast Tuberculosis in Women: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:12-21. [PMID: 31115305 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rarely reported and poorly described. This review aims to update the existing literature on risk factors, clinical presentations, constitutional symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical treatments for breast TB. In all, 1,478 cases of breast TB were collected. Previous history of TB was reported in 19% of cases. The most common clinical appearance of the lesion was breast lump (75%). The most common associated finding was axillary lymphadenitis (33%) followed by sinus or fistula (24%). The most common symptoms were pain and fever, reported in 42% and 28% of cases, respectively. The most used diagnostic method was fine-needle aspiration cytology (32%), followed by biopsy (27%), acid-fast bacteria Ziehl-Neelsen stain (26%), culture (13%), and polymerase chain reaction (2%). These tested positive in 64%, 93%, 27%, 26%, and 58% of cases, respectively. The majority (69%) of patients received a 6-month anti-TB treatment (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). Surgery consisted of excision in 39% of cases, drainage in 23%, and mastectomy in 5%. The great majority of patients had a positive outcome. It often mimics breast cancer, which makes it difficult to diagnose. Most patients, when diagnosed in time, respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaglio
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy.,European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arianna Bortolani
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Tognon
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Marotta
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Putoto
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L Olliaro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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McGuire E, Carey L, Tiberi S, Rahman A, Jayasekera N, White V, Kunst H. Breast tuberculosis in East London: A 13-year retrospective observational study. Breast J 2019; 26:235-239. [PMID: 31486176 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SETTING Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rare in Western Europe, and its diagnosis may be delayed through lack of awareness of presenting features. Our institution serves a large East London population with a high incidence of TB. OBJECTIVE To characterize presenting features and avoidable diagnostic delay in breast TB patients. DESIGN We conducted a 13-year retrospective study of breast TB patients treated at our institution including demographic, clinical, microbiology, and pathology data. RESULTS Forty-seven cases were included; 44 (94%) were female, with a median age of 33 years (IQR 28.5-39.5). The main presenting feature was a breast lump in 41 cases (87%); which were predominantly solitary unilateral lesions (25, 61%) and frequently located in the upper outer quadrant (28, 68%). Where performed, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured in 15/36 (42%) cases. Granulomata were present on biopsy or aspirate in 21 (47%) and 17 (36%) cases, respectively. The median duration between symptom onset and treatment was 20 weeks (IQR 15-30). Forty-six (98%) completed treatment successfully and one relapsed. CONCLUSION A high index of suspicion for TB is required for individuals presenting with breast symptoms from countries where TB is endemic. Development of standardized pathways may improve detection and management of breast TB may reduce diagnostic delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma McGuire
- Department of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Carey
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Tiberi
- Department of Infection, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ananna Rahman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Veronica White
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Heinke Kunst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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8
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Hannon M, Zachariah S, Etherington NB, Govind A, Weber D, Hess B. When an Infected Meniscus Portends a Perforated Viscus. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Carrilho C, Ismail M, Lorenzoni C, Fernandes F, Alberto M, Akrami K, Funzamo C, Lunet N, Schmitt F. Fine needle aspiration cytology in Mozambique: Report of a 15-year experience. Diagn Cytopathol 2018; 47:166-171. [PMID: 30478961 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool in a range of medical settings. It is fast, quick and a highly accurate diagnostic method and can be used, in settings with minimal laboratory infrastructures. METHODS In this report, we describe the experience in the use of FNAC since it is introduction in 1996 in the Anatomical Pathology Service of the Maputo Central Hospital (MCH), along with more detailed data referring to 2009-2010. RESULTS The number of FNAC analyses increased gradually from 269 (4.1% of all pathologic tests of the Service) in 1996, when it was introduced in Mozambique, to 3234 (17% of all tests) in 2010. Lymph nodes were the organs most frequently biopsied, followed by breast and soft tissues. Inflammatory conditions, especially tuberculosis, were the most frequent diagnoses (22.2% of the cases), followed by hyperplastic conditions (20.6%), benign tumors (13.4%) and malignant tumors (12.3%). CONCLUSION Our results clearly demonstrate that even in an environment with poor laboratory resources, it is possible to establish a FNAC clinic that can provide a quick and precise diagnosis for clinicians to aid in early treatment interventions, especially in inflammatory diseases which were the majority of our cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Carrilho
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Moçambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Mamudo Ismail
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Moçambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Cesaltina Lorenzoni
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Moçambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique.,National Cancer Control Program Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Fabíola Fernandes
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Moçambique.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Matos Alberto
- Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Kevan Akrami
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Carlos Funzamo
- National Cancer Control Program Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Nuno Lunet
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Schmitt
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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10
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Russu MC, Nastasia Ş, Degeratu D, Stănculescu RV. Breast and Cervix Uteri: Rare Locations for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections and Complications-Cases Report and Literature Review. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.75044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Bortolani A, Manenti F, Isaakidis P, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast tuberculosis in men: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194766. [PMID: 29614082 PMCID: PMC5882116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition. Objective To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied. Design A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017. Results The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage. Conclusions The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Quaglio
- European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Beira, Mozambique
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Bortolani
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Putoto
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L. Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Darré T, Tchaou M, N'Timon B, Patassi AA, Aboubakari A, Sonhaye L, Bassowa A, Amegbor K, Napo-Koura G. Tuberculosis of the Breast in Togo: A Series of 28 Presumed Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 110:238-241. [PMID: 29019164 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-017-0576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histological aspects of mammary tuberculosis in Togo. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of breast tuberculosis for which the diagnosis was presumed on histological grounds in the pathology department (LAP) of the Lomé Tokoin university hospital from January 1995 to December 2016 (20 years). A total of 28 presumed cases of mammary tuberculosis were identified. There were 26 women and 2 men, with an average age of 34.2 ± 0.3 years. The clinical signs were nodule (84.1%), tumefaction (75%), abscess (63.6%) and tumefaction with cutaneous fistulization (59.1%). Breast involvement was isolated in 31.8% of cases and associated with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis in 54.5% of cases. Co-infection with HIV was found in 63.9 % of cases. Histology showed inflammatory granulomas made of Langhans giant cells, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes around the foci of caseous necrosis. Thoracic radiography was abnormal in 16 patients (57.1%).Mammary tuberculosis is not rare in our country. Clinical presentation is often misleading and is a diagnostic challenge, more particularly with breast abscess or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Darré
- Laboratoire d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, CHU Tokoin, Lomé, Togo.
| | - M Tchaou
- Services d'imagerie, CHU Campus, Tokoin et Kara, Togo
| | - B N'Timon
- Services d'imagerie, CHU Campus, Tokoin et Kara, Togo
| | - A A Patassi
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Tokoin, Lomé, Togo
| | - A Aboubakari
- Services de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHU, Tokoin et Kara, Togo
| | - L Sonhaye
- Services d'imagerie, CHU Campus, Tokoin et Kara, Togo
| | - A Bassowa
- Services de gynécologie et obstétrique, CHU, Tokoin et Kara, Togo
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13
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Ail DA, Bhayekar P, Joshi A, Pandya N, Nasare A, Lengare P, Narkhede KA. Clinical and Cytological Spectrum of Granulomatous Mastitis and Utility of FNAC in Picking up Tubercular Mastitis: An Eight-Year Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC45-EC49. [PMID: 28511395 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/25635.9591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granulomatous Mastitis (GM) is a rare, benign, inflammatory disease of the breast. It is a well known mimicker of malignancy, clinically and radiologically. Patients are often subjected to number of tests for the right diagnosis. Non-specific Granulomatous Mastitis (NGM) and Tubercular Mastitis (TBM) are chief among the various causes of GM. They are important to be diagnosed early as their treatment varies significantly. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is simple, patient friendly and primary investigation modality in cases of lump in breast. AIM To find out the utility of FNAC in differentiating NGM and TBM. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cases of granulomatous mastitis diagnosed on cytology over eight years were retrospectively retrieved. The clinical and radiological history was obtained from the patient file. The slides were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Leishman stains. Special stains like Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain were used for fungus and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis respectively. Histopathological correlation of the available cases was done. Clinical presentation and cytological morphology of individual cases was studied in detail. RESULTS Twenty one cases of GM obtained, of which 16 were NGM and five were TBM. Both diseases were common among young reproductive women who presented with unilateral breast lump of varying duration. Almost 25% of NGM and 60% of TBM has clinical suspicion of malignancy. About 30% had radiological suspicion of malignancy. Nearly 62.5% of NGM patients had painful swelling and none of tubercular mastitis patients had pain. About 31% of NGM patients underwent prior abscess drainage and 40% of TBM patients gave history of tuberculosis. Almost 6.25% of NGM and 60% of TBM had axillary lymphadenopathy. Cytologically epithelioid cells were identified in 100% of patients whereas, granulomas were seen in 62.5% and 80% of NGM and TBM smears respectively. Langhans giant cells were frequent among TBM and foreign body giant cell among NGM. Caseous necrosis was seen in 60% of TBM and absent in NGM smears. CONCLUSION Though, NGM and TBM is said to have overlapping features, our study highlights few clinical and cytological differences which aid in differentiating the two entities at primary level. FNAC along with special stain must be advocated as the primary tool of diagnosis in cases of GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Achutha Ail
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pallavi Bhayekar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Avinash Joshi
- Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nidhi Pandya
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuja Nasare
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranoti Lengare
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ketan Ashok Narkhede
- Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and Hospital, Narhe, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Choudhary V, Pankaj S, Harsvardhan R, Anjili Kumari SR, Simi Kumari SR, Nazneen S. Tuberculosis of Breast Mimicking Breast Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-017-0099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Vagholkar K. Breast Tuberculosis -A Need for a Diagnostic Algorithm. MOJ SURGERY 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/mojs.2016.03.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Zhong L, Zhou XL, Li J, Zhang YM, Jiao YF, Guo BL, Yan ZQ, Zhang JG. The T-SPOT.TB Test for Diagnosis of Breast Tuberculosis. Lab Med 2016; 46:14-9. [PMID: 25617387 DOI: 10.1309/lmfbrt05mwv3ayim] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic value of the T-SPOT.TB test in cases of breast turberculosis (BTB) in China. METHODS We enrolled 13 female patients with primary BTB as the BTB test group and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. The 2 groups underwent T-SPOT.TB tests and tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) before receiving a core-needle biopsy or excision biopsy. We then collected and analyzed T-SPOT.TB and TST data. RESULTS The sensitivity of the T-SPOT.TB test for detection of BTB (84.6%) was significantly greater than that of TST (53.8%) (P <.05); the specificity of each test (80.0% and 60.0%, respectively) for BTB was not significantly different (P >.05). CONCLUSION The T-SPOT.TB test could be a useful adjunct to current tests for diagnosis of BTB and could be used for early diagnosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Li
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Fei Jiao
- Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Perrone C, Altieri AM, D'Antonio S, Leonetti C, Alma MG. Breast Tuberculosis after Chest Trauma - a Case Report and Review of the Literature. Breast Care (Basel) 2016; 11:200-3. [PMID: 27493621 DOI: 10.1159/000446977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast involvement of tuberculosis (TB) is well known but uncommon. It can resemble other diseases, including breast cancer, and diagnosis is quite difficult. So, when facing a breast lesion, a possible tubercular etiology should always be born in mind, relying on qualified laboratories to confirm the diagnosis. CASE REPORT We describe a 42-year-old woman with a mammary fistula complicating a post-traumatic lump. A critical analysis of the diagnostic process was performed together with a review of the literature, also considering the potential role of trauma in inducing such a rare complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Perrone
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso M Altieri
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Antonio
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Leonetti
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario G Alma
- Unit of Pneumology and h Phthisiology 'San Camillo-Forlanini' Hospital, Rome, Italy, Rome, Italy
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Brown S, Thekkinkattil DK. Tuberculous cold abscess of breast: an unusual presentation in a male patient. Gland Surg 2016; 5:361-5. [PMID: 27294045 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) of breast is a rare condition especially presentation as a cold abscess. We present a case of male patient with TB of lung and meninges with a cold abscess in the breast. The abscess was incidental finding on the computed tomography (CT) scan. This was further managed by a combination of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy treatment and surgical drainage. We reviewed the current literature related to mammary TB, its presentations and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Department of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Tuberculosis of the Breast: An Initial Presentation of the Metabolic Syndrome with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Young Nigerian Woman. Case Rep Infect Dis 2016; 2016:5485862. [PMID: 27034859 PMCID: PMC4806276 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5485862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis is an uncommon presentation of extra pulmonary tuberculosis. A 40-year-old obese woman presented with a right breast abscess which had failed to heal after surgical drainage. There was no family history of breast disease. Biopsy and histology of the lesion showed chronic granulomatous inflammation with positive stains for acid fast bacilli compatible with tuberculosis. Further evaluation confirmed metabolic syndrome with type 2 diabetes mellitus. She was placed on antituberculosis chemotherapy and appropriate therapy for diabetes mellitus with complete resolution of the lesion. We report this case because of its rarity and to highlight the association between tuberculosis an infectious disease and overnutrition in diabetes mellitus, a noncommunicable disease.
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Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with breast tuberculosis: Analysis of 46 Cases. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:27-31. [PMID: 26853172 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tubercular infection. Our aim is to highlight the nonspecific clinical presentations, diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic approaches of mammarian tuberculosis. Forty-six patients diagnosed with breast tuberculosis between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical features, all diagnostic methods, and the outcomes of treatment were analysed. All cases were female with a mean age of 36.4 years. Breast mass and pain were the most common complaints. While 34.8% of the cases had a physical examination with suspicions for malignancy, 43.5% of the patients had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 or 5 lesions suggested malignancy radiologically. Definitive diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination through core needle biopsy (n = 29), excisional biopsy (n = 12), and open biopsy (n = 5) taken from the abscess wall during drainage. Standard antiTB therapy for 6 months was given to all cases. Thirty-three patients recovered with standard 6-month therapy while extended treatment for 9-12 months was needed in 13 (28.2%) cases. Surgery was carried out in 17 cases. Two patients developed recurrence. Breast tuberculosis can be easily confused with breast cancer, suppurative abscess, and other causes of granulomatous mastitis, both clinically and radiologically. A multidisciplinary approach is required to prevent diagnostic delays and unnecessary surgical interventions. Although antiTB therapy is the mainstay treatment of breast TB, surgery is usually indicated in patients refractory to medical treatment.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, the management of our patients, and review the literature on this topic. METHODS Patients referred to our clinic with a presumptive diagnosis of infectious mastitis were only included in the study if they had histopathologic confirmation of granulomatous mastitis. A systemic or infectious etiology was excluded by the testing of tissues and fluids by staining, culture, and polymerase chain reaction methods. Those patients with no reported etiology were categorized as idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and treated with antiinflammatory drugs. All were monitored for signs of recurrence. RESULTS All 22 patients with a final diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis were women with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 32.8 ± 6.2 years. Initial treatment with a prednisone regimen was given in 15 (68.2%) patients, prednisone plus methotrexate (MTX) in six (27.3%), and MTX alone in one (4.5%). Among the total of 22 patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, 12 (54.5%) received MTX either as an initial treatment or as an alternative regimen. Of the 22 patients, three (13.6%) had disease recurrence and four (18.2%) experienced adverse drug reactions. Sixteen (72.7%) patients discontinued the initial treatment regimen with acceptable control of disease activity and without recurrence or adverse drug reactions during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a distinct benign breast condition of unknown etiology but several triggers are suspected, including inflammatory, infectious, and hormonal factors. Corticosteroids and MTX, with or without surgery, are the treatment of choice in these patients.
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Kirbas A, Biberoglu E, Dede H, Uygur D. Primary tubercular mastitis in a pregnancy. Case Rep Womens Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Khodabakhshi B, Mehravar F. Breast tuberculosis in northeast Iran: review of 22 cases. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24886570 PMCID: PMC4059880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast tuberculosis (breast TB) is an extremely rare disease, so case reviews are also rare. Methods This study is a retrospective review of patients with breast TB who were treated between 2002 and 2012 at the Health Center of Gorgan City. Results All 22 patients were females, their mean age was 32.4 years, and all were new cases. Patients presented with swelling of the breast (22%), lump (55%) and excretion from the involved breast (27%), and breast pain (55%). The highest rate of breast TB occurred in 2011 (27%). All patients received the DOTS regimen for a mean duration of 7.3 ± 0.7 months; in addition, segmental resection was performed on 11 patients (50%). Conclusions The findings confirmed that breast TB in Iran should be considered as a differential diagnosis of breast masses. All patients in our study received the daily and ‘Directly Observed Treatment Short-course’ (DOTS) regimens. Anti-tubercular therapy for six months with or without minimal surgical intervention currently is the main treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5TH Floor, Poorsina St, Keshavarz Ave, Postal Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
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Kumar M, Chand G, Nag VL, Maurya AK, Rao RN, Agarwal S, Babu SS, Dhole TN. Breast tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients at tertiary care center: A case series. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 17:199-202. [PMID: 23264799 PMCID: PMC3525043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The breast tuberculosis (TB) is an extremely rare manifestation for the reason that mammary cells offer great resistance to the survival and multiplication of Mycobacterium infection. The diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific clinical and radiological findings. It is usually suspected in a multiparous, reproductive woman. We report three cases of tubercular infection of breast confirmed by either mycobacteriology, pathology or both. We described their diagnostic confirmation and six month follow-up after antitubercular treatment (ATT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- PhD Student, Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Gyan Chand
- Associate Professor, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.,Address for correspondence: Dr. Gyan Chand, Associate Professor, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. E-mail:
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anand Kumar Maurya
- PhD Student, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University UP (Erstwhile King George Medical University), Lucknow, India
| | - Ram Nawal Rao
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Shudhi Agarwal
- Senior Resident, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil S Babu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tapan N Dhole
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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