A study of changes in stomach wall at sites other than the ulcer in chronic duodenal ulcer patients

A Rare Case of Metastatic Gastric Signet Ring Cell Adenocarcinoma in a 23-Year-Old Female Presenting as Malignant Pleural Effusion

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a poorly differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma with greater than 50% signet ring cells. It commonly arises from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and rarely from extraintestinal organs. This is a rare case of a young African American female who presented with metastatic spread of signet ring cell gastric cancer (pleural and lymph nodal involvement) as the initial presentation of SRCC. Knowledge of the various clinical manifestations of SRCC can help with its early diagnosis, and there is a high need for detailed physical examination, early referral, and prompt treatment in patients with SRCC.

Role of Flagella in the Pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori

This review aimed to investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori flagella on the pathogenicity of this bacterium in humans. Helicobacter pylori is a flagellated pathogen that colonizes the human gastroduodenal mucosa and produces inflammation, and is responsible for gastrointestinal disease. Its pathogenesis is attributed to colonization and virulence factors. The primary function of H. pylori flagella is to provide motility. We believe that H. pylori flagella play an important role in the colonization of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Therefore, we reviewed previous studies on flagellar morphology and motility in order to explore the relationship between H. pylori flagella and pathogenicity. Further investigation is required to confirm the association between flagella and pathogenicity in H. pylori.

Analysis of the microbial ecology between Helicobacter pylori and the gastric microbiota of Mongolian gerbils

Animal models are essential for in vivo analysis of Helicobacter-related diseases. Mongolian gerbils are used frequently to study Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and its consequences. The presence of some gastric microbiota with a suppressive effect on H. pylori suggests inhibitory gastric bacteria against H. pylori infection. The aim of the present study was to analyse the microbial ecology between H. pylori and the gastric microbiota of Mongolian gerbils. Gastric mucosa samples of H. pylori-negative and -positive gerbils were orally inoculated to five (Group 1) and six (Group 2) gerbils, respectively, and the gerbils were challenged with H. pylori infection. The colonization rate (40 %) of H. pylori in Group 1 gerbils was lower than the rate (67 %) in Group 2 gerbils. Culture filtrate of the gastric mucosa samples of Group 1 gerbils inhibited the in vitro growth of H. pylori. Three lactobacilli species, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus murinus, were isolated by anaerobic culture from the gerbils in Groups 1 and 2, and identified by genomic sequencing. It was demonstrated that the three different strains of lactobacilli exhibited an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of H. pylori. The results suggested that lactobacilli are the dominant gastric microbiota of Mongolian gerbils and the three lactobacilli isolated from the gastric mucosa samples with an inhibitory effect on H. pylori might have an anti-infective effect against H. pylori.