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Huang J, Yang J, Zou X, Zuo S, Wang J, Cheng J, Zhu H, Li W, Shi M, Zhao G, Liu Z. Ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and survival via Akt/CREB/bcl-2 signaling pathway after white matter lesion. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1198-1209. [PMID: 33557607 PMCID: PMC8142115 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221989955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter lesion (WML) is caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, which are usually associated with cognitive impairment. Evidence from recent studies has shown that ginkgolide B has a neuroprotective effect that could be beneficial for the treatment of ischemia; however, it is not clear whether ginkgolide B has a protective effect on WML. Our data show that ginkgolide B can promote the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) into oligodendrocytes and promote oligodendrocyte survival following a WML. Ginkgolide B (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) or saline is administered intraperitoneally every day after WML. After 4 weeks, the data of Morris water maze suggested that rats' memory and learning abilities were impaired, and the administration of ginkgolide B enhanced behavioral achievement. Also, treatment with ginkgolide B significantly attenuated this loss of myelin. Our result suggests that ginkgolide B promotes the differentiation of OPC into oligodendrocytes. We also found that ginkgolide B ameliorates oligodendrocytes apoptosis. Furthermore, ginkgolide B enhanced the expression of phosphorylated Akt and CREB. In conclusion, our data firstly show that ginkgolide B promotes oligodendrocyte genesis and oligodendrocyte myelin following a WML, possibly involving the Akt and CREB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xingju Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Shilun Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Weiwang Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Airforce Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Hua J, Yin N, Xu S, Chen Q, Tao T, Zhang J, Ding J, Fan Y, Hu G. Enhancing the Astrocytic Clearance of Extracellular α-Synuclein Aggregates by Ginkgolides Attenuates Neural Cell Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:1017-1028. [PMID: 31165943 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of aggregated forms of the α-Synuclein (α-Syn) is associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the efficient clearance of aggregated α-Syn represents a potential approach in PD therapy. Astrocytes are the most numerous glia cells in the brain and play an essential role in supporting brain functions in PD state. In the present study, we demonstrated that cultured primary astrocytes engulfed and degraded extracellular aggregated recombinant human α-Syn. Meanwhile, we observed that the clearance of α-Syn by astrocytes was abolished by proteasome inhibitor MG132 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA). We further showed that intracellular α-Syn was reduced after ginkgolide B (GB) and bilobalide (BB) treatment, and the decrease was reversed by MG132 and 3MA. More importantly, GB and BB reduced indirect neurotoxicity to neurons induced by α-Syn-stimulated astrocytic conditioned medium. Together, we firstly find that astrocytes can engulf and degrade α-Syn aggregates via the proteasome and autophagy pathways, and further show that GB and BB enhance astrocytic clearance of α-Syn, which gives us an insight into the novel therapy for PD in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Fuhua Road, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, China
| | - Nuo Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China. .,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
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Song Y, Zeng Z, Jin C, Zhang J, Ding B, Zhang F. Protective effect of ginkgolide B against acute spinal cord injury in rats and its correlation with the Jak/STAT signaling pathway. Neurochem Res 2012; 38:610-9. [PMID: 23274522 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ginkgolide B (GB) and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and to explore its regulating effect on secondary cell apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI), to elucidate the protective mechanism GB against acute SCI. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, an SCI group, an SCI + GB group, an SCI + methylprednisolone (MP) group, and an SCI + specific JAK inhibitor AG490 group. A rat model of acute SCI was established using the modified Allen's method. At 4 h, 12 h, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days after injury, injured T10 spinal cord specimens were harvested. GB significantly increased inclined plane test scores and Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale scores in SCI rats from postoperative day 3 to day 14. The effect was equal to that of the positive control drug, MP. Western blot analysis showed that JAK(2) was significantly phosphorylated from 4 h after SCI, peaked at 12 h and gradually decreased thereafter, accompanied by phosphorylation of STAT(3) with a similar time course. GB was shown to significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK(2) and STAT(3) in rats with SCI. It significantly increased the ratio of B cell CLL/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) protein expression at 24 h, led to an obvious down-regulation of caspase-3 gene and protein expression at 3 days, and significantly decreased the cell apoptosis index at each time point after SCI. This effect was similar to that obtained with the JAK-specific inhibitor, AG490. Our experimental findings indicated that GB can protect rats against acute SCI, and that its underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling pathway activation, improvement of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, decreased caspase-3 gene and protein expression and further inhibition of secondary cell apoptosis following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital of Zhejiang General Corps of Armed Police Forces, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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