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Chang J, Chen C, Li W, Abumaria N. TRPM7 Kinase Domain is Part of the Rac1-SSH2-cofilin Complex Regulating F-actin in the Mouse Nervous System. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:989-993. [PMID: 36920646 PMCID: PMC10264340 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nashat Abumaria
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Zhang T, Ruan HZ, Wang YC, Shao YQ, Zhou W, Weng SJ, Zhong YM. Signaling Mechanism for Modulation by GLP-1 and Exendin-4 of GABA Receptors on Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:622-636. [PMID: 35278196 PMCID: PMC9206055 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00826-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is expressed in retinal neurons, but its role in the retina is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R; a G protein-coupled receptor) agonist exendin-4 suppressed γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR)-mediated currents through GLP-1Rs in isolated rat retinal ganglion cells (GCs). Pre-incubation with the stimulatory G protein (Gs) inhibitor NF 449 abolished the exendin-4 effect. The exendin-4-induced suppression was mimicked by perfusion with 8-Br-cAMP (a cAMP analog), but was eliminated by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMP/KT-5720. The exendin-4 effect was accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]i of GCs through the IP3-sensitive pathway and was blocked in Ca2+-free solution. Furthermore, when the activity of calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was inhibited, the exendin-4 effect was eliminated. Consistent with this, exendin-4 suppressed GABAR-mediated light-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in GCs in rat retinal slices. These results suggest that exendin-4-induced suppression may be mediated by a distinct Gs/cAMP-PKA/IP3/Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway, following the activation of GLP-1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hang-Ze Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Fu Q, Huang X, Li W, Wan S, Li Y, Li X, Su S, Xu X, Wu Y. P-Rex2 mediation of synaptic plasticity contributes to bone cancer pain. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221076460. [PMID: 35083941 PMCID: PMC8891909 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221076460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) seriously affects the quality of life; however, due to its complex
mechanism, the clinical treatment was unsatisfactory. Recent studies have showed several
Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that affect development and
structure of neuronal processes play a vital role in the regulation of chronic pain.
P-Rex2 is one of GEFs that regulate spine density, and the present study was performed to
examine the effect of P-Rex2 on the development of BCP. Tumor cells implantation induced
the mechanical hyperalgesia, which was accompanied by an increase in spinal protein
P-Rex2, phosphorylated Rac1 (p-Rac1) and phosphorylated GluR1 (p-GluR1), and number of
spines. Intrathecal injection a P-Rex2-targeting RNAi lentivirus relieved BCP and reduced
the expression of P-Rex2, p-Rac1, p-GluR1, and number of spines in the BCP mice.
Meanwhile, P-Rex2 knockdown reversed BCP-enhanced AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-induced current in
dorsal horn neurons. In summary, this study suggested that P-Rex2 regulated
GluR1-containing AMPAR trafficking and spine morphology via Rac1/pGluR1 pathway is a
fundamental pathogenesis of BCP. Our findings provide a better understanding of the
function of P-Rex2 as a possible therapeutic target for relieving BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Fu
- Anesthesiology105738Beijing Tiantan Hospital
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Sculpting Dendritic Spines during Initiation and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 40:7578-7589. [PMID: 32998955 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1664-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has established a firm role for synaptic plasticity in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of dendritic spine remodeling in driving synaptic plasticity within the CNS. Identifying the molecular players underlying neuropathic pain induced structural and functional maladaptation is therefore critical to understanding its pathophysiology. This process of dynamic reorganization happens in unique phases that have diverse pathologic underpinnings in the initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Recent evidence suggests that pharmacological targeting of specific proteins during distinct phases of neuropathic pain development produces enhanced antinociception. These findings outline a potential new paradigm for targeted treatment and the development of novel therapies for neuropathic pain. We present a concise review of the role of dendritic spines in neuropathic pain and outline the potential for modulation of spine dynamics by targeting two proteins, srGAP3 and Rac1, critically involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Stress-Sensitive Protein Rac1 and Its Involvement in Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8894372. [PMID: 33299404 PMCID: PMC7707960 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8894372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a small GTPase that is well known for its sensitivity to the environmental stress of a cell or an organism. It senses the external signals which are transmitted from membrane-bound receptors and induces downstream signaling cascades to exert its physiological functions. Rac1 is an important regulator of a variety of cellular processes, such as cytoskeletal organization, generation of oxidative products, and gene expression. In particular, Rac1 has a significant influence on certain brain functions like neuronal migration, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation via regulation of actin dynamics in neurons. Abnormal Rac1 expression and activity have been observed in multiple neurological diseases. Here, we review recent findings to delineate the role of Rac1 signaling in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with abnormal spine morphology, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Moreover, certain novel inhibitors of Rac1 and related pathways are discussed as potential avenues toward future treatment for these diseases.
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Zhang ML, Zhao GL, Hou Y, Zhong SM, Xu LJ, Li F, Niu WR, Yuan F, Yang XL, Wang Z, Miao Y. Rac1 conditional deletion attenuates retinal ganglion cell apoptosis by accelerating autophagic flux in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:734. [PMID: 32913260 PMCID: PMC7484783 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has a fundamental role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Although autophagy has been implicated in glaucomatous pathology, how it regulates retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury is largely unknown. In the present work, we found that biphasic autophagy in RGCs occurred in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension (COH), accompanied by activation of Rac1, a member of the Rho family. Rac1 conditional knockout (Rac1 cKO) in RGCs attenuated RGC apoptosis, in addition to blocking the increase in the number of autophagosomes and the expression of autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, LC3-II/I, and p62) in COH retinas. Electron micrograph and double immunostaining of LAMP1 and LC3B showed that Rac1 cKO accelerated autolysosome fusion in RGC axons of COH mice. Inhibiting the first autophagic peak with 3-methyladenine or Atg13 siRNA reduced RGC apoptosis, whereas inhibiting the second autophagic peak with 3-MA or blocking autophagic flux by chloroquine increased RGC apoptosis. Furthermore, Rac1 cKO reduced the number of autophagosomes and apoptotic RGCs induced by rapamycin injected intravitreally, which suggests that Rac1 negatively regulates mTOR activity. Moreover, Rac1 deletion decreased Bak expression and did not interfere with the interaction of Beclin1 and Bcl-2 or Bak in COH retinas. In conclusion, autophagy promotes RGC apoptosis in the early stages of glaucoma and results in autophagic cell death in later stages. Rac1 deletion alleviates RGC damage by regulating the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis through mTOR/Beclin1-Bak. Interfering with the Rac1/mTOR signaling pathway may provide a new strategy for treating glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Min Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Jie Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ran Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanying Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Yin N, Yang YL, Cheng S, Wang HN, Hu X, Miao Y, Li F, Wang Z. Dopamine D2 Receptor-Mediated Modulation of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cell Excitability. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:230-242. [PMID: 31606861 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglion cells (RGCs) are the sole output neurons of the retinal circuity. Here, we investigated whether and how dopamine D2 receptors modulate the excitability of dissociated rat RGCs. Application of the selective D2 receptor agonist quinpirole inhibited outward K+ currents, which were mainly mediated by glybenclamide- and 4-aminopyridine-sensitive channels, but not the tetraethylammonium-sensitive channel. In addition, quinpirole selectively enhanced Nav1.6 voltage-gated Na+ currents. The intracellular cAMP/protein kinase A, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways were responsible for the effects of quinpirole on K+ and Na+ currents, while phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling was not involved. Under current-clamp conditions, the number of action potentials evoked by positive current injection was increased by quinpirole. Our results suggest that D2 receptor activation increases RGC excitability by suppressing outward K+ currents and enhancing Nav1.6 currents, which may affect retinal visual information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yin
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Long Yang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanying Miao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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