1
|
Liu M, Pan D, Wang M, Deng H, Ma Z. JWH133 attenuates behavior deficits and iron accumulation in 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease model rats. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:733-743. [PMID: 39015077 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00137.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that activation of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors protects dopamine neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection mediated by CB2 receptors are still elusive. In this study, we investigated the effects of CB2 receptor activation on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced dopamine neuron degeneration and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats. We found that treatment with JWH133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, significantly improved the apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior in 6-OHDA-treated rats. The decreased numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons and reduced TH protein expression in the lesioned SN of rats were effectively restored by JWH133. Moreover, we found that JWH133 inhibited the increase of iron-staining cells in the lesioned SN of rats. To explore the protective mechanisms of activation of CB2 receptors on dopamine neurons, we further observed the effect of JWH133 on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-treated primary cultured ventral mesencephalon (VM) neurons from rats. We found that JWH133 significantly inhibited the increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of Caspase-3, the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm), and the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression caused by MPP+ treatment. JWH133 also inhibited the MPP+-induced upregulation of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and downregulation of ferroportin 1 (FPN1). Furthermore, JWH133 also suppressed the MPP+-accelerated iron influx in the VM neurons. These results suggest that activation of CB2 receptor suppresses MPP+-induced cellular iron accumulation and prevents neurodegeneration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Expression of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) was discovered on dopamine neurons in recent years. The role of CB2R expressed on dopamine neurons in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated. The content of iron accumulation in the brain is closely related to the progress of PD. We verified the inhibitory effect of CB2R on iron deposition in dopamine neurons through experiments, which provided a new idea for the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - MengYa Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Deng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - ZeGang Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu Y, Qin K, Jiang C, Gao J, Hou B, Xie A. TMEM106B Knockdown Exhibits a Neuroprotective Effect in Parkinson's Disease via Decreasing Inflammation and Iron Deposition. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04373-4. [PMID: 39044012 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is closely related to iron accumulation and inflammation. Emerging evidence indicates that TMEM106B plays an essential role in PD. But whether TMEM106B could act on neuroinflammation and iron metabolism in PD has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological mechanisms of inflammation and iron metabolism of TMEM106B in PD. 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)- and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced SH-SY5Y cells and mice were treated with LV-shTMEM106B and AAV-shTMEM106B to construct PD cellular and mouse models. Pole tests and open-field test (OFT) were performed to evaluate the locomotion of the mice. Immunohistochemistry and iron staining were used to detect TH expression and iron deposition in the SN. Iron staining was used to measure the levels of iron. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and Ferroportin1 (FPN1)). Knockdown of TMEM106B improved motor ability and rescued dopaminergic (DA) neuron loss. TMEM106B knockdown attenuated the increases of TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3 inflammasome, and DMT1 expression in the MPP+ and MPTP-induced PD models. Furthermore, TMEM106B knockdown also increases the expression of FPN1. This study provides the first evidence that knockdown of TMEM106B prevents dopaminergic neurodegeneration by modulating neuroinflammation and iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Kunpeng Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jinzhao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Binghui Hou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen QQ, Jv XH, Ma XZ, Li C, Liu L, Jia WT, Qu L, Chen LL, Xie JX. Cell senescence induced by toxic interaction between α-synuclein and iron precedes nigral dopaminergic neuron loss in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:268-281. [PMID: 37674042 PMCID: PMC10789811 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell senescence has been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Both abnormal α-synuclein aggregation and iron deposition are suggested to be the triggers, facilitators, and aggravators during the development of PD. In this study, we investigated the involvement of α-synuclein and iron in the process of cell senescence in a mouse model of PD. In order to overexpress α-syn-A53T in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), human α-syn-A53T was microinjected into both sides of the SNpc in mice. We found that overexpression of α-syn-A53T for one week induced significant pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), increased cell senescence-related proteins (β-gal, p16, p21, H2A.X and γ-H2A.X), mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by dysregulation of iron-related proteins (L-ferritin, H-ferritin, DMT1, IRP1 and IRP2) in the SNpc. In contrast, significant loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and motor dysfunction were only observed after overexpression of α-syn-A53T for 4 weeks. In PC12 cells stably overexpressing α-syn-A53T, iron overload (ferric ammonium citrate, FAC, 100 μM) not only increased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), p16 and p21, but also exacerbated the processes of oxidative stress and cell senescence signalling induced by α-syn-A53T overexpression. Interestingly, reducing the iron level with deferoxamine (DFO) or knockdown of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) significantly improved both the phenotypes and dysregulated proteins of cell senescence induced by α-syn-A53T overexpression. All these evidence highlights the toxic interaction between iron and α-synuclein inducing cell senescence, which precedes nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD. Further investigation on cell senescence may yield new therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Shen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xian-Hui Jv
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Chong Li
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Wen-Ting Jia
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Le Qu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Lei-Lei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen L, Xie J. Commentary: The impact of iron deposition on the fear circuit of the brain in patients with Parkinson's disease and anxiety. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1223421. [PMID: 37404689 PMCID: PMC10315570 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
|
5
|
Wang Z, Cui J, Li D, Ran S, Huang J, Chen G. Morin exhibits a neuroprotective effect in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model via TFEB/AMPK-mediated mitophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154866. [PMID: 37209604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the world. Mitophagy has been implicated in PD etiology for decades and its pharmacological activation is recognized as a promising treatment strategy for PD. For mitophagy initiation, low mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is essential. We identified a natural compound morin that could induce mitophagy without affecting ΔΨm. Morin is a flavonoid that can be isolated from fruits like mulberry. PURPOSE To reveal the effect of morin on the PD mice model and their potential underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Mitophagy process induced by morin in N2a cells meditation were measured using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. JC-1 fluorescence dye used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The TFEB nuclear translocation were examined by immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay. The PD mice model was induced by MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) intraperitoneal administration. RESULTS We found that morin also promoted nuclear translocation of the mitophagy regulator TFEB and activated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway. In MPTP-induced PD in vivo models, morin protected DA neurons from MPTP neurotoxicity and ameliorated behavioral deficit. CONCLUSION Although morin was previously reported to be neuroprotective in PD, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. For the first time, we report morin served as a novel and safe mitophagy enhancer underlying AMPK-ULK1 pathway and exhibited anti-Parkinsonian effects indicating its potential as a clinical drug for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinshuai Cui
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongni Li
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuzhen Ran
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Shen Q, Ma Y, Liu L, Jia W, Chen L, Xie J. Calcium Homeostasis in Parkinson's Disease: From Pathology to Treatment. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1267-1270. [PMID: 35727497 PMCID: PMC9554109 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingqing Shen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu M, Li Y, Meng D, Zhang D, Wang B, Xie J, Wang J. 6-Hydroxydopamine Induces Abnormal Iron Sequestration in BV2 Microglia by Activating Iron Regulatory Protein 1 and Inhibiting Hepcidin Release. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020266. [PMID: 35204767 PMCID: PMC8961664 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted iron homeostasis in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is an important pathological mechanism in Parkinson’s disease (PD). It is unclear what role microglia play in iron metabolism and selective iron deposition in the SNpc of PD brain. In this study, we observed that 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced the expression of divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and iron influx in BV2 microglia cells, which might be associated with the upregulation of iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1) expression. Moreover, we found that 6-OHDA had no significant effect on the expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1) and iron efflux in BV2 microglial cells, which might be the combined action of IRP1 upregulation and reduced hepcidin levels. Furthermore, 6-OHDA treatment activated BV2 microglia and enhanced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, iron overloading suppressed IRP1 expression, thus downregulating DMT1 and upregulating FPN1 levels in these microglial cells. On the contrary, iron deficiency activated IRP1, leading to increased expression of DMT1 and decreased expression of FPN1—which indicates that activated IRP1 induces iron overloading in 6-OHDA-treated microglia, but not iron overloading modulates the expression of IRP1. Taken together, our data suggest that 6-OHDA can regulate the expression of DMT1 and FPN1 by activating IRP1 and inhibiting hepcidin release, thus leading to abnormal iron sequestration in microglia. In addition, 6-OHDA can activate microglia, which leads to increased release of pro-inflammatory factors that can further induce genome damage in dopaminergic neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Medical Service Section, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dapeng Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Danyang Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: author: (J.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (M.X.); (Y.L.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (B.W.)
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: author: (J.X.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen F, Song N, Xie J. In vivo Direct Conversion of Astrocytes to Neurons Maybe a Potential Alternative Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:689276. [PMID: 34408642 PMCID: PMC8366583 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.689276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Partly because of extensions in lifespan, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, while there is no effective approach to slow or prevent neuronal degeneration. As we all know, neurons cannot self-regenerate and may not be replaced once being damaged or degenerated in human brain. Astrocytes are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and proliferate once CNS injury or neurodegeneration occur. Actually, direct reprogramming astrocytes into functional neurons has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. Human astrocytes can be successfully converted into neurons in vitro. Notably, in vivo direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons were achieved in the adult mouse and non-human primate brains. In this review, we briefly summarized in vivo direct reprogramming of astrocytes into functional neurons as regenerative strategies for CNS diseases, mainly focusing on neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). We highlight and outline the advantages and challenges of direct neuronal reprogramming from astrocytes in vivo for future neuroregenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youcui Wang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Song
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
| |
Collapse
|