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Yao J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Sun X, Shi X. The role of cardiac microenvironment in cardiovascular diseases: implications for therapy. Hum Cell 2024; 37:607-624. [PMID: 38498133 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to aging populations and changes in lifestyle, cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, are the leading causes of death worldwide. The heart is a complicated organ composed of multicellular types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. Cellular specialization and complex interplay between different cell types are crucial for the cardiac tissue homeostasis and coordinated function of the heart. Mounting studies have demonstrated that dysfunctional cells and disordered cardiac microenvironment are closely associated with the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we discuss the composition and the homeostasis of cardiac tissues, and focus on the role of cardiac environment and underlying molecular mechanisms in various cardiovascular diseases. Besides, we elucidate the novel treatment for cardiovascular diseases, including stem cell therapy and targeted therapy. Clarification of these issues may provide novel insights into the prevention and potential targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuejun Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xingjuan Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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Liao SY, Tse HF. Multipotent (adult) and pluripotent stem cells for heart regeneration: what are the pros and cons? Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:151. [PMID: 24476362 PMCID: PMC4056686 DOI: 10.1186/scrt381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure after myocardial infarction is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Existing medical and interventional therapies can only reduce the loss of cardiomyocytes during myocardial infarction but are unable to replenish the permanent loss of cardiomyocytes after the insult, which contributes to progressive pathological left ventricular remodeling and progressive heart failure. As a result, cell-based therapies using multipotent (adult) stem cells and pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells) have been explored as potential therapeutic approaches to restore cardiac function in heart failure. Nevertheless, the optimal cell type with the best therapeutic efficacy and safety for heart regeneration is still unknown. In this review, the potential pros and cons of different types of multipotent (adult) stem cells and pluripotent stem cells that have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies are reviewed, and the future perspective of stem cell-based therapy for heart regeneration is discussed.
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Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Regenerative medicine primer. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:766-75. [PMID: 23809322 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of chronic diseases, compounded by the scarcity of usable donor organs, mandates radical innovation to address the growing unmet needs of individuals and populations. Beyond life-extending measures that are often the last available option, regenerative strategies offer transformative solutions in treating degenerative conditions. By leveraging newfound knowledge of the intimate processes fundamental to organogenesis and healing, the emerging regenerative armamentarium aims to boost the aptitude of human tissues for self-renewal. Regenerative technologies strive to promote, augment, and reestablish native repair processes, restituting organ structure and function. Multimodal regenerative approaches incorporate transplant of healthy tissues into damaged environments, prompt the body to enact a regenerative response in damaged tissues, and use tissue engineering to manufacture new tissue. Stem cells and their products have a unique aptitude to form specialized tissues and promote repair signaling, providing active ingredients of regenerative regimens. Concomitantly, advances in materials science and biotechnology have unlocked additional prospects for growing tissue grafts and engineering organs. Translation of regenerative principles into practice is feasible and safe in the clinical setting. Regenerative medicine and surgery are, thus, poised to transit from proof-of-principle studies toward clinical validation and, ultimately, standardization, paving the way for next-generation individualized management algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Terzic
- Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Catelain C, Riveron S, Papadopoulos A, Mougenot N, Jacquet A, Vauchez K, Yada E, Pucéat M, Fiszman M, Butler-Browne G, Bonne G, Vilquin JT. Myoblasts and embryonic stem cells differentially engraft in a mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1064-75. [PMID: 23439500 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional and architectural benefits of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and myoblasts (Mb) transplantations into infarcted myocardium have been investigated extensively. Whereas ESC repopulated fibrotic areas and contributed to myocardial regeneration, Mb exerted their effects through paracrine secretions and scar remodeling. This therapeutic perspective, however, has been less explored in the setting of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs). Our aim was to compare the integration and functional efficacy of ESC committed to cardiac fate by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) pretreatment and Mb used as gold standard following their transplantation into the myocardium of a mouse model of laminopathy exhibiting a progressive and lethal DCM. After 4 and 8 weeks of transplantation, stabilization was observed in Mb-transplanted mice (P = 0.008) but not in groups of ESC-transplanted or medium-injected animals, where the left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) decreased by 32 ± 8% and 41 ± 8% respectively. Engrafted differentiated cells were consistently detected in myocardia of mice receiving Mb, whereas few or no cells were detected in the hearts of mice receiving ESC, except in two cases where teratomas were formed. These data suggest that committed ESC fail to integrate in DCM where scar tissue is absent to provide the appropriate niche, whereas the functional benefits of Mb transplantation might extend to nonischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Catelain
- UPMC UM 76, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Romanazzo S, Forte G, Ebara M, Uto K, Pagliari S, Aoyagi T, Traversa E, Taniguchi A. Substrate stiffness affects skeletal myoblast differentiation in vitro. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2012; 13:064211. [PMID: 27877538 PMCID: PMC5099771 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/13/6/064211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the therapeutic efficacy of cardiac muscle constructs produced by stem cells and tissue engineering protocols, suitable scaffolds should be designed to recapitulate all the characteristics of native muscle and mimic the microenvironment encountered by cells in vivo. Moreover, so not to interfere with cardiac contractility, the scaffold should be deformable enough to withstand muscle contraction. Recently, it was suggested that the mechanical properties of scaffolds can interfere with stem/progenitor cell functions, and thus careful consideration is required when choosing polymers for targeted applications. In this study, cross-linked poly-ε-caprolactone membranes having similar chemical composition and controlled stiffness in a supra-physiological range were challenged with two sources of myoblasts to evaluate the suitability of substrates with different stiffness for cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, muscle-specific and non-related feeder layers were prepared on stiff surfaces to reveal the contribution of biological and mechanical cues to skeletal muscle progenitor differentiation. We demonstrated that substrate stiffness does affect myogenic differentiation, meaning that softer substrates can promote differentiation and that a muscle-specific feeder layer can improve the degree of maturation in skeletal muscle stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Romanazzo
- Cell–Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Ebara
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koichiro Uto
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Stefania Pagliari
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takao Aoyagi
- Smart Biomaterials Laboratory, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Enrico Traversa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Italy
| | - Akiyoshi Taniguchi
- Cell–Materials Interaction Group, Biomaterials Unit, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
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