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Hao Y, Li B, Yin F, Liu W. tRNA-derived small RNA (tsr007330) regulates myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction through NAT10-mediated ac4C acetylation of EGR3 mRNA. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167267. [PMID: 38810917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Small non-coding ribonucleic acids (sncRNAs) play an important role in cell regulation and are closely related to the pathogenesis of heart diseases. However, the role and molecular mechanism of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) remain unknown. In this study, we identified and validated sncRNAs (mainly miRNA and tsRNA) associated with myocardial fibrosis after MI through PANDORA sequencing of rat myocardial tissue. As a key enzyme of N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation modification, N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) plays an important role in regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation efficiency. We found that NAT10 is highly expressed in infarcted myocardial tissue, and the results of acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (acRIP-seq) analysis suggest that early growth response 3 (EGR3) may be an important molecule in the pathogenesis of NAT10-mediated myocardial fibrosis. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that inhibition of NAT10 can reduce the expression of EGR3 and alleviate myocardial fibrosis after MI. tsRNA can participate in gene regulation by inhibiting target genes. The expression of tsr007330 was decreased in myocardial infarction tissue. We found that overexpression of tsr007330 in rat myocardial tissue could antagonize NAT10, improve myocardial function in MI and alleviate myocardial fibrosis. In conclusion, tsRNAs (rno-tsr007330) may regulate the occurrence of myocardial fibrosis by regulating NAT10-mediated EGR3 mRNA acetylation. This study provides new insights into the improvement of myocardial fibrosis after MI by targeting tsRNA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hao
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Department of Cardiology, the fourth affiliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Bohan Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Feiya Yin
- University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei Liu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China; Department of Geriatric Cardiovascular Division, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang K, Zhao C, Liu N, Wang Z, Yang W, Cheng Z, Zhou L, Wang K. The function of tRNA-derived small RNAs in cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102114. [PMID: 38314096 PMCID: PMC10835008 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) constitute a subgroup of small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) originating from tRNA molecules. Their rich content, evolutionary conservatism, high stability, and widespread existence makes them significant in disease research. These characteristics have positioned tsRNAs as key players in various physiological and pathological processes. tsRNA actively participates in regulating many cellular processes, such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. tsRNAs could be promising diagnostic markers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). tsRNAs have been identified in serums, suggesting their utility as early indicators for the diagnosis of CVDs. Moreover, the regulatory roles of tsRNAs in CVDs make them promising targets for therapeutic intervention. This review provides a succinct overview of the characteristics, classification, and regulatory functions of tsRNAs in the context of CVDs. By shedding light on the intricate roles of tsRNAs, this knowledge could pave the way for the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Chun Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Zewei Cheng
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
| | - Luyu Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, P.R. China
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Jiang QL, Xu JY, Yao QP, Jiang R, Xu Q, Zhang BT, Li T, Jiang J. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA tRF-Glu-CTC attenuates neointimal formation via inhibition of fibromodulin. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:2. [PMID: 38172726 PMCID: PMC10763295 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is a pathological vascular remodeling caused by abnormal proliferation and migration of subintimal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) following intimal injury. There is increasing evidence that tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) plays an important role in vascular remodeling. The purpose of this study is to search for tsRNAs signature of neointima formation and to explore their potential functions. The balloon injury model of rat common carotid artery was replicated to induce intimal hyperplasia, and the differentially expressed tsRNAs (DE-tsRNAs) in arteries with intimal hyperplasia were screened by small RNA sequencing and tsRNA library. A total of 24 DE-tsRNAs were found in the vessels with intimal hyperplasia by small RNA sequencing. In vitro, tRF-Glu-CTC inhibited the expression of fibromodulin (FMOD) in VSMCs, which is a negative modulator of TGF-β1 activity. tRF-Glu-CTC also increased VSMC proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments showed that inhibition of tRF-Glu-CTC expression after balloon injury of rat carotid artery can reduce the neointimal area. In conclusion, tRF-Glu-CTC expression is increased after vascular injury and inhibits FMOD expression in VSMCs, which influences neointima formation. On the other hand, reducing the expression of tRF-Glu-CTC after vascular injury may be a potential approach to prevent vascular stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology and Medical Engineering, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo-Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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Gawade K, Raczynska KD. Imprinted small nucleolar RNAs: Missing link in development and disease? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023:e1818. [PMID: 37722601 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The 14q32.2 (DLK1-DIO3) and 15q11-q13 (SNURF-SNRPN) imprinted gene loci harbor the largest known small nucleolar RNA clusters expressed from the respective maternal and paternal alleles. Recent studies have demonstrated significant roles for the 15q11-q13 located SNORD115-SNORD116 C/D box snoRNAs in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Even though the effect of SNORD116 deletion is apparent in the PWS phenotype, similar effects of a SNORD113-SNORD114 cluster deletion from the 14q32.2 locus in Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS14) and upregulation in Temple syndrome (TS14) remain to be explored. Moreover, apart from their probable involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders, snoRNAs from the SNORD113-SNORD114 cluster have been implicated in multiple biological processes, including pluripotency, development, cancers, and RNA modifications. Here we summarize the current understanding of the system to explore the possibility of a link between developmental disorders and C/D box snoRNA expression from the imprinted 14q32.2 locus. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Gawade
- Laboratory of RNA Processing, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna D Raczynska
- Laboratory of RNA Processing, Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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Liu Y, Ding W, Wang J, Ao X, Xue J. Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1256537. [PMID: 37746261 PMCID: PMC10514911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1256537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a heterogeneous disease with high malignant degree, rapid growth, and early metastasis. The clinical outcomes of LC patients are generally poor due to the insufficient elucidation of pathological mechanisms, low efficiency of detection and assessment methods, and lack of individualized therapeutic strategies. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA), are endogenous regulators that are widely involved in the modulation of almost all aspects of life activities, from organogenesis and aging to immunity and cancer. They commonly play vital roles in various biological processes by regulating gene expression via their interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein. An increasing amount of studies have demonstrated that ncRNAs are closely correlated with the initiation and development of LC. Their dysregulation promotes the progression of LC via distinct mechanisms, such as influencing protein activity, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, or altering specific gene expression. Furthermore, some ncRNAs present certain clinical values as biomarker candidates and therapeutic targets for LC patients. A complete understanding of their mechanisms in LC progression may be highly beneficial to developing ncRNA-based therapeutics for LC patients. This review mainly focuses on the intricate mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA involved in LC progression and discuss their underlying applications in LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Junqiang Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Tyczewska A, Rzepczak A, Sobańska D, Grzywacz K. The emerging roles of tRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments during aging: Lessons from studies on model organisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101863. [PMID: 36707034 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual decline of various functions of organisms resulting in diminished abilities to protect against the environmental damage and reinforce the physiological harmony. Age-related functional declines have been thought to be passive and not regulated. However, studies on numerous model organisms, from yeast to mammals, exposed that the mechanisms of lifespan regulation are remarkably conserved throughout the evolution. Following the pioneering genetic studies in C. elegans, it has been shown that the genes related to the longevity are conserved in yeast, flies and mice. For a long time, tRNAs have been only considered as molecules transporting amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Nonetheless, it has become apparent from many biological studies that tRNAs are entangled in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the emerging roles of tRNA-associated processes in aging and lifespan of model organisms. More specificaly, we present a summary on the importance of tRNA metabolism, epitranscriptome and possible roles of tRNA-derived fragments in aging and lifespan regulation. Better understanding of the basic mechanisms of aging could lead to the development of new diagnostics and treatments for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyczewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Rzepczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Sobańska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamilla Grzywacz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Zhang S, Yu X, Xie Y, Ye G, Guo J. tRNA derived fragments:A novel player in gene regulation and applications in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1063930. [PMID: 36761955 PMCID: PMC9904238 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1063930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous species of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) with specific biological functions was recently identified. Distinct roles of tRFs in tumor development and viral infection, mediated through transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, has been demonstrated. In this review, we briefly summarize the current literatures on the classification of tRFs and the effects of tRNA modification on tRF biogenesis. Moreover, we highlight the tRF repertoire of biological roles such as gene silencing, and regulation of translation, cell apoptosis, and epigenetics. We also summarize the biological roles of various tRFs in cancer development and viral infection, their potential value as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for different types of cancers, and their potential use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuchong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaoyao Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Junming Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,Institute of Digestive Diseases, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China,*Correspondence: Junming Guo,
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