1
|
Cong L, Ma J, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Cong X, Hao M. Effect of anti-skin disorders of ginsenosides- A Systematic Review. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:605-614. [PMID: 37720567 PMCID: PMC10499590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are bioactive components of Panax ginseng with many functions such as anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, and anti-tumor. Ginsenosides are categorized into dammarane, oleanene, and ocotillol type tricyclic triterpenoids based on the aglycon structure. Based on the sugar moiety linked to C-3, C-20, and C-6, C-20, dammarane type was divided into protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT). The effects of ginsenosides on skin disorders are noteworthy. They play anti-aging roles by enhancing immune function, resisting melanin formation, inhibiting oxidation, and elevating the concentration of collagen and hyaluronic acid. Thus, ginsenosides have previously been widely used to resist skin diseases and aging. This review details the role of ginsenosides in the anti-skin aging process from mechanisms and experimental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Cong
- Department of Dermatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yundong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Lymphatic Surgery Jilin Province, Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Lymphatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nrf2-mediated activation of HO-1 is required in the blocking effect of compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, against oxidative stress damage in ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial cells. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:311-318. [PMID: 36926611 PMCID: PMC10014180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial effects of compound K (CK) on different chronic diseases have been shown to be at least related to antioxidant action. Nevertheless, since its antioxidant activity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is still unknown, here we investigated whether CK alleviates oxidative stress-stimulated damage in RPE ARPE-19 cells. Methods The cytoprotective consequence of CK in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated cells was evaluated by cell viability, DNA damage, and apoptosis assays. Fluorescence analysis and immunoblotting were performed to investigate the inhibitory action of CK on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results H2O2-promoted cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial impairment, and apoptosis were significantly attenuated by CK in ARPE-19 cells. Furthermore, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) phosphorylation level and its shuttling to the nucleus were increased, which was correlated with upregulated activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, zinc protoporphyrin, a blocker of HO-1, significantly abrogated the preventive action of CK in H2O2-treated ARPE-19 cells. Conclusion This study indicates that activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling by CK plays an important role in rescuing ARPE-19 cells from oxidative cellular damage.
Collapse
|
3
|
Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou L, Yang F, Yin JW, Gu X, Xu Y, Liang YQ. Compound K induces neurogenesis of neural stem cells in thrombin induced nerve injury through LXRα signaling in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:135007. [PMID: 32371156 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes neurological function deficit due to the loss of neurons surrounding the hematoma. Increased neurogenesis of endogenous neural stem cells (EnNSCs) is believed to increase cell proliferation and differentiation, thereby improving the neurological deficit. However, there are still limited drugs that are effective for treating neurological deficit. So, the effects of compound K (CK) in EnNSCs were measured after thrombin-induced mice models both in vivo and in vitro, and investigated the probable mechanisms of CK during pro-neurogenesis. The results revealed that 10 μM CK promotes neurogenesis, proliferation and reduces apoptosis of EnNSCs after induction by thrombin. After that, CK treatment increased the neurogenesis of EnNSCs through liver X receptor α (LXRα) signaling pathway using adeno-associated virus knockdown and knocked out mice of LXRα gene. Finally, intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg CK improved the neurogenesis of subventricular zone (SVZ), myelin repair and behavioral deficit after stereotaxic injection of thrombin in the basal ganglia of mice, and this process involved LXRα. These observations provided evidence regarding the effect of CK in pro-neurogenesis via LXRα activation, and suggested further evaluation of it due to its potential role as an effective modulator in the treatment of ICH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Joint Surgery, General Hospital of Tibetan Military Command Lhasa, Lhasa, China
| | - Jie-Wen Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Qin Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan H, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhou Q, Yu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z, Gu J, Shi Y. Ginsenoside compound K ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis through inhibiting REG3A/RegIIIγ expression in keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:665-671. [PMID: 31182284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a bioactive metabolite of ginseng, modulates various skin disorders with an impact on keratinocyte biology. However, the effect of Ginsenoside CK in psoriasis has not been explored. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate whether ginsenoside CK could affect the homeostasis of keratinocytes and their expression of psoriasis-associated antimicrobial protein regenerating islet-derived protein 3-alpha (REG3A) and its murine ortholog RegIIIγ. We further explored the therapeutic potential of ginsenoside CK in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. METHODS The effects of ginsenoside CK in cell growth and apoptosis of human keratinocytes were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Bax levels were evaluated by Western blot in HaCaT cells following ginsenoside CK stimulation. REG3A levels were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot in human keratinocytes following interleukin (IL)-36γ and ginsenoside CK co-simulation. Utilizing IMQ-induced psoriasis mouse model, the therapeutic effects of 0.1% and 1% ginsenoside CK cream were assessed by skin thicknesses and histological examinations, and RegIIIγ level in the lesional skin was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Ginsenoside CK prohibited human keratinocyte proliferation but did not affect their apoptosis. Moreover, it inhibited IL-36γ-induced REG3A expression in HaCaT cells. Ginsenoside CK alleviated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like hyperkeratosis and reduced RegIIIγ expression in the keratinocytes from lesional skin. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside CK ameliorated IMQ-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis possibly through inhibiting REG3A/RegIIIγ expression in keratinocytes, which highlighted a therapeutic potential of ginsenoside CK in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Jinguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zengyang Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Youdong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200443, China.
| | - Yuling Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China; Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chong Z, Matsuo H, Onoue S, Yamamoto H, Ito H, Katakura Y. Identification of polyphenols that repair the ultraviolet-B-induced DNA damage via SIRT1-dependent XPC/XPA activation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Kim EH, Kim W. An Insight into Ginsenoside Metabolite Compound K as a Potential Tool for Skin Disorder. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:8075870. [PMID: 30046346 PMCID: PMC6036801 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8075870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are the major bioactive natural compounds derived from Panax ginseng. Several studies report the pharmaceutical benefits of several ginsenosides, including antidementia, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activity. Biotransformations by gut microbiome contribute to the biological function of these ginsenosides. After ingestion ginsenosides are hydrolyzed to Rg2, Rg3, compound K, and others by human gut flora. Compound K is considered the representative active metabolite after oral administration of ginseng or ginsenosides. Various studies report the diverse biological functions of compound K, such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Recent clinical trial and in vitro studies demonstrate the antiaging activities of ginsenosides in human skin. Ginsenosides have been considered as an important natural dermatological agent. In this review, we will cover the modern tools and techniques to understand biotransformation and delivery of compound K. Also the biological function of compound K on skin disorder and its potential dermatological application will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En Hyung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonnam Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lim TG, Lee CC, Dong Z, Lee KW. Ginsenosides and their metabolites: a review of their pharmacological activities in the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 307:397-403. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
9
|
Lim TG, Jeon AJ, Yoon JH, Song D, Kim JE, Kwon JY, Kim JR, Kang NJ, Park JS, Yeom MH, Oh DK, Lim Y, Lee CC, Lee CY, Lee KW. 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol, a metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, enhances the production of hyaluronic acid through the activation of ERK and Akt mediated by Src tyrosin kinase in human keratinocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1388-94. [PMID: 25738334 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanisms through which 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20GPPD) promotes the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) in human keratinocytes. 20GPPD is the primary bioactive metabolite of Rb1, a major ginsenoside found in ginseng (Panax ginseng). We sought to elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind the 20GPPD-induced production of HA. We found that 20GPPD induced an increase in HA production by elevating hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) expression in human keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt was also enhanced by 20GPPD in a dose-dependent manner. The pharmacological inhibition of ERK (using U0126) or Akt (using LY294002) suppressed the 20GPPD-induced expression of HAS2, whereas treatment with an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor (AG1478) or an intracellular Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA/AM) did not exert any observable effects. The increased Src phosphorylation was also confirmed following treatment with 20GPPD in the human keratinocytes. Following pre-treatment with the Src inhibitor, PP2, both HA production and HAS2 expression were attenuated. Furthermore, the 20GPPD-enhanced ERK and Akt signaling decreased following treatment with PP2. Taken together, our results suggest that Src kinase plays a critical role in the 20GPPD-induced production of HA by acting as an upstream modulator of ERK and Akt activity in human keratinocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gyu Lim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Ji Jeon
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kwon
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Rhan Kim
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seong Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 341-1, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hun Yeom
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin 341-1, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Chang Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Phloroglucinol enhances the repair of UVB radiation-induced DNA damage via promotion of the nucleotide excision repair system in vitro and in vivo. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 28:131-8. [PMID: 25766644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to solar UVB radiation can lead to the formation of DNA lesions such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is critical for the repair of CPDs induced by UV radiation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of phloroglucinol to protect against the formation of UVB-induced CPDs in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to UVB radiation increased the number of CPDs in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin; however, these increases were reduced by treatment with phloroglucinol. Expression levels of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) and excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1), which are essential components of the NER pathway, were reduced following UVB exposure, although phloroglucinol treatment recovered these levels in both HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin. Phloroglucinol also inhibited UVB-induced reductions in binding of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 to the XPC promoter. These results demonstrate that phloroglucinol can protect cells against UVB-induced DNA damage by inducing NER.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hou JG, Xue JJ, Lee MR, Sun MQ, Zhao XH, Zheng YN, Sung CK. Compound K is able to ameliorate the impaired cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis following chemotherapy treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Lee H, Lee JY, Song KC, Kim J, Park JH, Chun KH, Hwang GS. Protective Effect of Processed Panax ginseng, Sun Ginseng on UVB-irradiated Human Skin Keratinocyte and Human Dermal Fibroblast. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:68-77. [PMID: 23717106 PMCID: PMC3659574 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects of processed Panax ginseng, sun ginseng (SG) against the UVB-irradiation on epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Pretreatment of SG in HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts reduced UVB-induced cell damage as seen by reduced lactate dehydrogenase release. We also found that SG restored the UVB-induced decrease in anti-apoptotic gene expression (bcl-2 and bcl-xL) in these cells, indicating that SG has an anti-apoptotic effect and thus can protect cells from cell death caused by strong UVB radiation. In addition, SG inhibited the excessive expression of c-jun and c-fos gene by the UVB in HeCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts. We also demonstrated that SG may exert an anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA synthesis in HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts. This was further supported by its inhibitory effects on the elevated cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α transcription which was induced by UVB-irradiation in HaCaT cells. In addition, SG may have anti-aging property in terms of induction of procollagen gene expression and inhibition of the matrix metalloprotease-1 gene expression caused by UVBexposure. These findings suggest that SG can be a potential agent that may protect against the dermal cell damage caused by UVB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guo Z, Zhou B, Liu W, Xu Y, Wu D, Yin Z, Permatasari F, Luo D. MiR-23a regulates DNA damage repair and apoptosis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 69:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
14
|
Yang B, Ji C, Chen X, Cui L, Bi Z, Wan Y, Xu J. Protective effect of astragaloside IV against matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in ultraviolet-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1553-60. [PMID: 21975818 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces skin photoaging associated with up-regulated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. Inhibition of MMP expression is suggested to alleviate photoaging induced by UV irradiation. Astragaloside IV (As-IV), one of the main active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge, has been reported to have various biological activities. However, its anti-photoaging effect has not been examined to date. In the present study, we observed the effect of As-IV on matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in UV-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We found that treatment with As-IV significantly decreased UV-induced MMP-1 expression at the messenger RNA and protein levels. In addition, western blotting analysis revealed that As-IV concentration-dependently suppressed UV-induced phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase, Jun-N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Furthermore, treatment with As-IV markedly inhibited UV-induced nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activity. These results suggest that As-IV down-regulates UV-induced MMP-1 expression, perhaps through suppression of MAPK and NF-κB activation in HDFs. As-IV is thus a potential agent for the management of skin photoaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
SASAKI KAZUHITO, TSUNO NELSONH, SUNAMI EIJI, KAWAI KAZUSHIGE, SHUNO YASUTAKA, HONGO KUMIKO, HIYOSHI MASAYA, KANEKO MANABU, MURONO KOJI, TADA NORIKO, NIREI TAKAKO, KITAYAMA JOJI, TAKAHASHI KOKI, NAGAWA HIROKAZU. Radiosensitization of human breast cancer cells to ultraviolet light by 5-fluorouracil. Oncol Lett 2011; 2:471-476. [PMID: 22866105 PMCID: PMC3410487 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet light B (UVB) phototherapy is widely used to treat dermatological diseases and therefore may be a potential optional strategy in the treatment of a skin lesion infiltrated by a malignant tumor. Currently, little is known regarding the effect of UVB phototherapy on human breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of UVB phototherapy, as well as the potential effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the first-line anticancer drug for breast cancer, on radiosensitizing MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, in an attempt to develop new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. MCF-7 cells were incubated in the presence of 5-FU for 48 h, and UVB irradiation at 750 mJ/cm(2) was administered in the midterm of 5-FU treatment. The viability of MCF-7 cells was analyzed by the trypan blue staining method. Apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and Hoechst 33258 staining. The cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry after the staining of cells with propidium iodide. The combination treatment of 5-FU and UVB resulted in a strong potentiation of the inhibitory effect of MCF-7 cell growth, dependent on the intra-S phase cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis, when compared to treatment with 5-FU or UVB alone. In conclusion, 5-FU sensitized human breast cancer cells to UVB phototherapy, and this combination therapy is an effective and promising strategy for the treatment of breast cancer, particularly for locoregional recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KAZUHITO SASAKI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - NELSON H. TSUNO
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - EIJI SUNAMI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KAZUSHIGE KAWAI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - YASUTAKA SHUNO
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KUMIKO HONGO
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - MASAYA HIYOSHI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - MANABU KANEKO
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KOJI MURONO
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - NORIKO TADA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - TAKAKO NIREI
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - JOJI KITAYAMA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - KOKI TAKAHASHI
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - HIROKAZU NAGAWA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou BR, Liu WL, Luo D. Protective effect of baicalin against multiple ultraviolet B exposure-mediated injuries in C57BL/6 mouse skin. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:261-8. [PMID: 21380810 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple exposures to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation cause critical damage to skin that may lead to the development of several cutaneous disorders including skin cancer. Protection against sun-induced damage is therefore a highly desirable goal. Chemoprevention via plant-based agents may be a useful approach for the prevention? of UV-induced neoplasia. In this study, we assessed (1) whether baicalin protected against multiple UVB exposure-mediated damage in skin of C57BL/6 mice and (2) the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were topically pretreated with baicalin (1 mg/cm(2) skin area/mouse/100 μL acetone) and were exposed to UVB 30 min later (180 mJ/cm(2), on alternate days × 10 exposures). The animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last UVB exposure. Skin edema, histopathology changes, Ki-67, PCNA, and COX-2 were assessed to determine UVB induced damage. Multiple exposures of C57BL/6 mice to UVB resulted in an increase in skin edema and hyperplasia. Topical application of baicalin prior to UVB radiation resulted in a significant inhibition of Ki-67, PCNA and COX-2 expression. These protective effects of baicalin may also inhibit UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Based on this data, we suggest that baicalin could be developed as an agent for the management of conditions elicited by multiple UV exposures, including skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-rong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on the ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage responses in HaCaT cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 382:89-101. [PMID: 20508917 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0522-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated the increase in the repair of UVB damage by mRg2, a mixture of ginsenosides containing 60% Rg2 in NIH3T3 cells. In the present study, the effects of purified Rg2 on the repair and apoptosis in ultraviolet B (UVB)-exposed HaCaT cells were investigated on gene expression levels. When cells were exposed to UVB and post-incubated in normal medium for 24 h, the cell viability decreased to about 50% of that in nontreated control. When Rg2 was post-incubated, however, the UVB-induced cytotoxicity was significantly prevented in an Rg2 concentration- and time-dependent manner. The apoptotic nuclear fragmentation resulting from UVB exposure was also significantly protected by the Rg2 post-incubation. Microarray analysis showed that the genes stimulated by the Rg2-alone treatment include those involved in p53 signaling pathway such as GADD45alpha, GADD45beta, and cell communication genes. RT-PCR analysis showed that the Rg2-alone treatment slightly upregulated the p53 and GADD45 transcript and protein levels by about 1.5-fold as compared with the nontreated control. The mRNA levels of p53 and GADD45 in cells exposed to UVB and post-incubated with Rg2 for 24 h decreased in an Rg2 concentration-dependent manner as compared with that post-incubated in normal medium. However, the mRNA level of the UVB-exposed cells post-incubated with 5 microM retinol was essentially the same as that post-incubated in normal medium. Time course experiment showed that the mRNA levels of p53 and GADD45 in UVB-exposed cells were upregulated by post-incubation with 50 microM Rg2 until 6 and 9 h, respectively, and then gradually decreased until 24 h. By Western blot analysis, it was also revealed that the Rg2 post-incubation decreases the expression of p53, phospho-p53, GADD45, and ATM in UVB-exposed cells. Time course analysis also indicated that these decreased expressions were due to the earlier upregulation of p53 and GADD45 proteins. When UVB-exposed cells were post-incubated with Rg2 for 24 h after UVB exposure, the level of remaining cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers decreased in both Rg2 concentration- and time-dependent manner. All these results suggest that Rg2 protects cells against UVB-induced genotoxicity by increasing DNA repair, in possible association with modulation of protein levels involved in p53 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
Metabolism of Ginsenosides to Bioactive Compounds by Intestinal Microflora and Its Industrial Application. J Ginseng Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2009.33.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|