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Martucci NJ, Stoops J, Bowen W, Orr A, Cotner MC, Michalopoulos GK, Bhushan B, Mars WM. A Novel Role for the Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Delta Isoform in Hepatocellular Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1511-1527. [PMID: 38705383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase delta isoform (Pik3cd), usually considered immune-specific, was unexpectedly identified as a gene potentially related to either regeneration and/or differentiation in animals lacking hepatocellular Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK). Since a specific inhibitor (Idelalisib, or CAL101) for the catalytic subunit encoded by Pik3cd (p110δ) has reported hepatotoxicity when used for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other lymphomas, the authors aimed to elucidate whether there is a role for p110δ in normal liver function. To determine the effect on normal liver regeneration, partial hepatectomy (PHx) was performed using mice in which p110δ was first inhibited using CAL101. Inhibition led to over a 50% decrease in proliferating hepatocytes in the first 2 days after PHx. This difference correlated with phosphorylation changes in the HGF and EGF receptors (MET and EGFR, respectively) and NF-κB signaling. Ingenuity Pathway Analyses implicated C/EBPβ, HGF, and the EGFR heterodimeric partner, ERBB2, as three of the top 20 regulators downstream of p110δ signaling because their pathways were suppressed in the presence of CAL101 at 1 day post-PHx. A regulatory role for p110δ signaling in mouse and rat hepatocytes through MET and EGFR was further verified using hepatocyte primary cultures, in the presence or absence of CAL101. Combined, these data support a role for p110δ as a downstream regulator of normal hepatocytes when stimulated to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Martucci
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John Stoops
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anne Orr
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary-Claire Cotner
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bharat Bhushan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy M Mars
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Dou Z, Lu F, Hu J, Li B, Li X. CBX7 silencing promoted liver regeneration by interacting with BMI1 and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11008. [PMID: 38744845 PMCID: PMC11094083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have shown knockdown of chromobox 7 (CBX7) promotes the regenerative capacity of various cells or tissues. We examined the effect of CBX7 on hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration after 2/3 hepatectomy in a mouse model. For in vitro experiments, NCTC 1469 and BNL CL.2 hepatocytes were co-transfected with siRNA-CBX7-1 (si-CBX7-1), siRNA-CBX7-2 (si-CBX7-2), pcDNA-CBX7, si-BMI1-1, si-BMI1-2, pcDNA-BMI1, or their negative control. For in vivo experiments, mice were injected intraperitoneally with lentivirus-packaged shRNA and shRNA CBX7 before hepatectomy. Our results showed that CBX7 was rapidly induced in the early stage of liver regeneration. CBX7 regulated hepatocyte proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of NCTC 1469 and BNL CL.2 hepatocytes. CBX7 interacted with BMI1 and inhibited BMI1 expression in hepatocytes. Silencing BMI1 aggregated the inhibitory effect of CBX7 overexpression on hepatocyte viability and the promotion of apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing BMI1 enhanced the regulatory effect of CBX7 on Nrf2/ARE signaling in HGF-induced hepatocytes. In vivo, CBX7 silencing enhanced liver/body weight ratio in PH mice. CBX7 silencing promoted the Ki67-positive cell count and decreased the Tunel-positive cell count after hepatectomy, and also increased the expression of nuclear Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1. Our results suggest that CBX7 silencing may increase survival following hepatectomy by promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Dou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fei Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jinjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No. 1 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Polat EC, Bozkurt M, Ozcan L, Sonmez K, Ozturk Gurgen H, Danis E, Otunctemur A. Effect of Oltipraz on urethral healing: An experimental study. Prog Urol 2023; 33:555-561. [PMID: 37385830 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine the oral and topical effect of Oltipraz (OPZ) on fibrosis and healing after urethra injury in a rat model. METHODS In all, 33 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 5 different groups: sham, urethral injury group (UI), oral Oltipraz treatment group for 14 days after urethral injury (UI+oOPZ), intraurethral Oltipraz treatment group for 14 days after urethral injury (UI+iOPZ) and only intraurethral Oltipraz treatment for 14 days without urethral injury (sham+iOPZ). Pediatric urethrotome blade was used to create the urethral injury model for the injury groups (UI, UI+oOPZ and UI+iOPZ). After 14 days of treatment, all rats were sacrificed after penectomy under general anesthesia. Urethral tissue was evaluated histopathologically for congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration and spongiofibrosis, and immunohistochemically for transforming growth factor Beta-1 (TBF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor2 (VEGFR2). RESULTS The congestion score was not statistically significantly different between the groups. Spongiofibrosis was distinctive in UI group and OPZ given groups. Inflammation and spongiofibrosis score were statistically significantly higher in the sham+iOPZ group compared to the sham group (P<0.05). VEGFR2 and TGF Beta-1 scores were statistically significantly higher in the sham+iOPZ group compared to the sham group (P<0.05). We did not find beneficial effect of OPZ on urethral healing. We found the harmful effect of intraurethral administration of OPZ in the group without urethral injury in compared to sham. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, we cannot suggest OPZ in the treatment of urethral injury. Future studies in this area are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Polat
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - M Bozkurt
- Department of Urology, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - L Ozcan
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - K Sonmez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Ozturk Gurgen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Danis
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Otunctemur
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Prof. Dr. Cemil Tascioglu City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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The role of protein kinases as key drivers of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease progression: New insights and future directions. Life Sci 2022; 305:120732. [PMID: 35760093 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), proposed in 2020 is a novel term for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which was coined for the first time in 1980. It is a leading cause of the most chronic liver disease and hepatic failure all over the world, and unfortunately, with no licensed drugs for treatment yet. The progress of the disease is driven by the triggered inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in many pathways, starting with simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Protein kinases (PKs), such as MAPK, ErbB, PKC, PI3K/Akt, and mTOR, govern most of the pathological pathways by acting on various downstream key points in MAFLD and regulating both hepatic gluco- lipo-neogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, modulating the function of those potential protein kinases that are effectively involved in MAFLD might be a promising therapeutic approach for tackling this disease. In the current review, we have discussed the key role of protein kinases in the pathogenesis of MAFLD and performed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network among the main proteins of each kinase pathway with MAFLD-related proteins to predict the most likely targets of the PKs in MAFLD. Moreover, we have reported the experimental, pre-clinical, and clinical data for the most recent investigated molecules that are activating p38-MAPK and AMPK proteins and inhibiting the other PKs to improve MAFLD condition by regulating oxidation and inflammation signalling.
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Polat EC, Besiroglu H, Ozcan L, Otunctemur A, Eruyar AT, Somay A, Ozbay N, Cekmen M, Eraldemir C, Ozbek E. Beneficial effects of Oltipraz, nuclear factor - erythroid - 2 - related factor 2 (Nrf2), on renal damage in unilateral ureteral obstruction rat model. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 44:1243-1251. [PMID: 30130014 PMCID: PMC6442183 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We investigated whether Oltipraz (OPZ) attenuated renal fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rat model. Materials and Methods: We randomly divided 32 rats into four groups, each consisting of eight animals as follows: Rats in group 1 underwent a sham operation and received no treatment. Rats in group 2 underwent a sham operation and received OPZ. Rats in group 3 underwent unilateral ureteral ligation and received no treatment. Group 4 rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral ligation plus OPZ administration. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, nitric oxide (NO) and hydroxyproline levels were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out. Results: TGF-β1, NO and E-cadherin levels in the UUO group were significantly higher than the sham group and these values were significantly different in treated groups compared to the UUO group. In rats treated with UUO + OPZ, despite the presence of mild tubular degeneration and less severe tubular necrosis, glomeruli maintained a better morphology when compared to the UUO group. Expressions of α-SMA in immunohistochemistry showed that the staining positivity decreased in the tubules of the OPZ-treated group. Conclusions: While the precise mechanism of action remains unknown, our results demonstrated that OPZ exerted a protective role in the UUO-mediated renal fibrosis rat model highlighting a promising therapeutic potency of Nrf2-activators for alleviating the detrimental effects of unilateral obstruction in kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Can Polat
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Besiroglu
- Department of Urology, Catalca Ilyas Cokay State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Ozcan
- Department of Urology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Alper Otunctemur
- Department of Urology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tugrul Eruyar
- Department of Pathology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Adnan Somay
- Department of Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurver Ozbay
- Department of Pathology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cekmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceyla Eraldemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Emin Ozbek
- Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Weerachayaphorn J, Luo Y, Mennone A, Soroka CJ, Harry K, Boyer JL. Deleterious effect of oltipraz on extrahepatic cholestasis in bile duct-ligated mice. J Hepatol 2014; 60:160-6. [PMID: 23978715 PMCID: PMC4054607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oltipraz (4-methyl-5(pyrazinyl-2)-1-2-dithiole-3-thione), a promising cancer preventive agent, has an antioxidative activity and ability to enhance glutathione biosynthesis, phase II detoxification enzymes and multidrug resistance-associated protein-mediated efflux transporters. Oltipraz can protect against hepatotoxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride, acetaminophen and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate. Whether oltipraz has hepato-protective effects on obstructive cholestasis is unknown. METHODS We administered oltipraz to mice for 5 days prior to bile duct ligation (BDL) for 3 days. Liver histology, liver function markers, bile flow rates and hepatic expression of profibrogenic genes were evaluated. RESULTS Mice pretreated with oltipraz prior to BDL demonstrated higher levels of serum aminotransferases and more severe liver damage than in control mice. Higher bile flow and glutathione secretion rates were observed in unoperated mice treated with oltipraz than in control mice, suggesting that liver necrosis in oltipraz-treated BDL mice may be related partially to increased bile-acid independent flow and biliary pressure. Oltipraz treatment in BDL mice enhanced α-smooth muscle actin expression, consistent with activation of hepatic stellate cells and portal fibroblasts. Matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp) 9 and 13 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (Timp) 1 and 2 levels were increased in the oltipraz-treated BDL group, suggesting that the secondary phase of liver injury induced by oltipraz might be due to excessive Mmp and Timp secretions, which induce remodeling of the extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS Oltipraz treatment exacerbates the severity of liver injury following BDL and should be avoided as therapy for extrahepatic cholestatic disorders due to bile duct obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Weerachayaphorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Albert Mennone
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Carol J. Soroka
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kathy Harry
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James L. Boyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA,The corresponding author: James L. Boyer, M.D., Emeritus Director, Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 1080 LMP, New Haven, CT 06520. Phone: (203) 785-5279; Fax: (203) 785-7273;
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Jin YR, Jin JL, Li CH, Piao XX, Jin NG. Ursolic acid enhances mouse liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:523-8. [PMID: 22136205 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.611143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid which has hepatoprotective and antihepatotoxic activities. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether ursolic acid is able to stimulate liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ursolic acid or the vehicle solution was orally administered to the experimental, sham-operated and vehicle-treated group mice for 7 days, positive control animal (mice) was treated with recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor (rhHGF), and then the 70% liver partial hepatectomy was performed. The liver mass recovery rate was estimated by measuring the ratios of mice liver weight to body weight. The liver cells undergoing DNA synthesis were identified by immunohistochemistry analysis using monoclonal anti-BrdU antibodies. The expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E and C/EBP proteins (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ) were detected by the Western blotting technique. RESULTS Our results showed administration of ursolic acid significantly increased the ratio of the liver to body weight and BrdU labeling index at 36 and 48 h after partial hepatectomy, and the potency of UA is similar to rhHGF treated positive control mice. In addition, ursolic acid treatment significantly increased cyclin D1, cyclin E and C/EBPβ protein expression levels at 36 h after liver PHx compared with the vehicle-treated control mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION All these results suggest that ursolic acid stimulates liver proliferation after partial hepatectomy, and this effect may be associated with the stimulation of C/EBPβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ri Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, 119 Juzi Street, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China
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Yu ZW, Li D, Ling WH, Jin TR. Role of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 in metabolic homeostasis and insulin action: A novel opportunity for diabetes treatment? World J Diabetes 2012; 3:19-28. [PMID: 22253942 PMCID: PMC3258535 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v3.i1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox balance is fundamentally important for physiological homeostasis. Pathological factors that disturb this dedicated balance may result in oxidative stress, leading to the development or aggravation of a variety of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome as well as inflammation, aging and cancer. Thus, the capacity of endogenous free radical clearance can be of patho-physiological importance; in this regard, the major reactive oxygen species defense machinery, the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) system needs to be precisely modulated in response to pathological alterations. While oxidative stress is among the early events that lead to the development of insulin resistance, the activation of Nrf2 scavenging capacity leads to insulin sensitization. Furthermore, Nrf2 is evidently involved in regulating lipid metabolism. Here we summarize recent findings that link the Nrf2 system to metabolic homeostasis and insulin action and present our view that Nrf2 may serve as a novel drug target for diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Yu
- Zhi-Wen Yu, Dan Li, Wen-Hua Ling, Tian-Ru Jin, Guandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Public Health Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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