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Stutz H. Advances and applications of electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins – A Review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He J, Zhang Q, Ma C, Giancaspro GI, Bi K, Li Q. An Effective Workflow for Differentiating the Same Genus Herbs of Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower and Chrysanthemum Indicum Flower. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:575726. [PMID: 33967745 PMCID: PMC8102030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.575726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C. morifolium flower and C. indicum flower are two closely related herbal species with similar morphological and microscopic characteristics but are discriminated in edible and medicinal purpose. However, there is no effective approach to distinguish the two herbs. A novel workflow for quickly differentiating C. morifolium flower and C. indicum flower was developed. Firstly, the difference in anti-inflammatory effects for C. morifolium flower and C. indicum flower was characterized using lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Then HPLC fingerprint analysis for 53 batches of C. morifolium flowers and 33 batches of C. indicum flower was carried out to deep profile the chemical components. The preliminary markers were screened out by OPLS-DA, identified by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, and quantified by the improved SSDMC (single reference standard to determine multiple compounds) approach. Finally, multiple statistical data mining was performed to confirm the markers and a binary logistic regression equation was built to differentiate C. morifolium flower and C. indicum flower successfully. In general, the established workflow was rapid, effective and highly feasible, which would provide a powerful tool for herb identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao He
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cuiying Ma
- Department of Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines, Science Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Gabriel I Giancaspro
- Department of Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines, Science Division, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Ma Y, Luo B, Zhu Q, Ma D, Wen Q, Feng J, Xue D. Changes in traditional ecological knowledge of forage plants in immigrant villages of Ningxia, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:65. [PMID: 31842902 PMCID: PMC6916113 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0333-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological migration serves as an important measure for poverty eradication as well as for the protection, inheritance, and utilization of traditional ecological knowledge. This study investigated and cataloged the traditional forage plant resources and recorded the associated traditional knowledge of immigrant villages in Hongsibu District of Ningxia, China. The diversity of traditional forage plant resources and the changes in associated traditional ecological knowledge were compared among ecological immigrant villages from different emigration areas, with a hope of providing a reference for forage development, the conservation of wild forage plant resources, and the development of regional animal husbandry. METHODS From March 2018 to May 2019, a field investigation was conducted in six villages in Ningxia. Through the snowball technique, a total of 315 immigrants were interviewed using various methods, including semistructured interviews and key person interviews, which included opportunities for free listing. The changes in the utilization of traditional forage plants were compared between the ecological migrants and the original inhabitants, and the causes underlying the changes were analyzed. In addition, the major forage plant species in the research area were investigated and evaluated. RESULTS (1) The six investigated villages reported 224 traditional forage plant species that belong to 42 families and 150 genera. Compared with their original living areas, the number of traditional forage plant species used in the immigrant villages decreased with the increase in the relocation distance. (2) The utilization of traditional forage plants varied among the immigrants who moved to Hongsibu District from forest areas, loess hilly areas, and semiarid desertified areas. The smaller the difference was in ecological environment between the immigration and emigration areas, the more the traditional forage plant knowledge had been retained. (3) The diversity and associated knowledge of traditional forage plants retained by ecological migrants are closely correlated to gender, age, education level, and occupation. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the diversity of traditional forage plants and associated knowledge retained after migration vary among ecological immigrants from different areas; generally, the immigrants that relocated from a closer place retained more ecological knowledge. In the immigrant villages with significantly different natural resources and a long distance from the migrants' original locations, the diversity of traditional forage plants decreased, and the traditional knowledge about forage plants showed signs of being forgotten and abandoned by the younger generation. Therefore, measures are urgently needed to document and protect the forage plant resources and preserve the traditional knowledge of ecological immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Binsheng Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Ningxia Forestry Research Institute, Yinchuan, 750021 Ningxia People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Ma
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021 Ningxia People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wen
- College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021 Ningxia People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinchao Feng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayuan Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 People’s Republic of China
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Ramos-de-la-Peña AM, Aguilar O. Progress and Challenges in PEGylated Proteins Downstream Processing: A Review of the Last 8 Years. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Santos JHPM, Torres-Obreque KM, Meneguetti GP, Amaro BP, Rangel-Yagui CO. Protein PEGylation for the design of biobetters: from reaction to purification processes. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000001009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Eslami G, Salehi R. Development of a chamber system for rapid, high yield and cost-effective purification of deoxyribonucleic acid fragments from agarose gel. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:78. [PMID: 24761386 PMCID: PMC3988586 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.127991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are several methods commonly practicing for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) purification from agarose gel. In most laboratories, especially in developing countries, present methods for recovering of DNA fragments from the gel are mostly involved organic solvents. However, manual purification using organic solvents are toxic, labor intensive, time consuming and prone to contamination owing to several handling steps. The above mentioned burdens as well as cost and long time to import them, especially in developing countries, prompted us to design and develop a chamber system for rapid, non-toxic, cost-effective and user friendly device for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products purification from agarose gel. Materials and Methods: The device was made from plexiglass plates. After amplification of two fragments of 250 and 850 bp, PCR products were electrophoresed. Subsequently, the desired bands were excised and purified with three method: HiPer Mini chamber, phenol extraction method and spin column procedure. To assess the suitability of the purified DNAs, restriction digestion was applied. Results: Results showed that the yield of recovered DNA in our method was above 95%, whereas the yields obtained with conventional phenol extraction and spin column methods were around 60%. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current method for DNA elution is quick, inexpensive and robust and it does not require the use of toxic organic solvents. In addition, the purified DNA was well has suited for further manipulations such as restriction digestion, ligation, cloning, sequencing and hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Eslami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhao SS, Chen DDY. Applications of capillary electrophoresis in characterizing recombinant protein therapeutics. Electrophoresis 2013; 35:96-108. [PMID: 24123141 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of recombinant protein for therapeutic applications has increased significantly in the last three decades. The heterogeneity of these proteins, often caused by the complex biosynthesis pathways and the subsequent PTMs, poses a challenge for drug characterization to ensure its safety, quality, integrity, and efficacy. CE, with its simple instrumentation, superior separation efficiency, small sample consumption, and short analysis time, is a well-suited analytical tool for therapeutic protein characterization. Different separation modes, including CIEF, SDS-CGE, CZE, and CE-MS, provide complementary information of the proteins. The CE applications for recombinant therapeutic proteins from the year 2000 to June 2013 are reviewed and technical concerns are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sherry Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Scaramuzza S, Tonon G, Olianas A, Messana I, Schrepfer R, Orsini G, Caliceti P. A new site-specific monoPEGylated filgrastim derivative prepared by enzymatic conjugation: Production and physicochemical characterization. J Control Release 2012; 164:355-63. [PMID: 22735238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe the preparation and characterization of a new monoPEGylated derivate of a recombinant form of filgrastim (methionyl human granulocite colony stimulating factor, rh-Met-G-CSF), BK0026, prepared by enzymatic site-specific 20kDa PEG conjugation to glutamine 135 residue by microbial transglutaminase catalyzed reaction. BK0026 was purified to a clinical grade by a single cation exchange chromatography step and characterized by using a panel of physicochemical analyses. NH(2)-terminal sequence and peptide mapping demonstrated no differences between the primary structure of BK0026 and the non-PEGylated filgrastim. The circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy showed the preservation of high order protein structure. The single conjugation site on glutamine 135 was identified by endoproteinase Glu-C peptide mapping combined with mass spectrometry analysis and NH(2)-terminal sequence of the PEGylated peptides. BK0026 purity as well as product- and process-related contaminants was determined by several analytical methods, which showed that BK0026 is stable for more than 2 years when stored at 4-8°C. The advantages of enzymatic PEGylation of filgrastim are the absolute specificity of glutamine 135 conjugation combined with high PEGylation yields under very mild reaction conditions. The new site specific monoPEGylated filgrastim is a promising candidate for preclinical and clinical studies aimed at developing a long-lasting treatment of neutropenia in oncological patients under chemotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Scaramuzza
- Bio-Ker S.r.l. - Multimedica Group, c/o Sardinia Scientific and Technological Park, Building 3, 09010 Pula, Cagliari, Italy.
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Na DH, Park EJ, Kim MS, Lee HS, Lee KC. Application of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis to the Characterization of Ricin A-Chain Immunotoxins. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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González-Valdez J, Rito-Palomares M, Benavides J. Advances and trends in the design, analysis, and characterization of polymer-protein conjugates for "PEGylaided" bioprocesses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:2225-35. [PMID: 22367287 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their use as therapeutics and because of their enhanced properties, PEGylated proteins have potential application in fields such as bioprocessing. However, the use of PEGylated conjugates to improve the performance of bioprocess has not been widely explored. This limited additional industrial use of PEG-protein conjugates can be attributed to the fact that PEGylation reactions, separation of the products, and final characterization of the structure and activity of the resulting species are not trivial tasks. The development of bioprocessing operations based on PEGylated proteins relies heavily in the use of analytical tools that must sometimes be adapted from the strategies used in pharmaceutical conjugate development. For instance, to evaluate conjugate performance in bioprocessing operations, both chromatographic and non-chromatographic steps must be used to separate and quantify the resulting reaction species. Characterization of the conjugates by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and specific activity assays, among other adapted techniques, is then required to evaluate the feasibility of using the conjugates in any operation. Correct selection of the technical and analytical methods in each of the steps from design of the PEGylation reaction to its final engineering application will ensure success in implementing a "PEGylaided" process. In this context, the objective of this review is to describe technological and analytical trends in developing successful applications of PEGylated conjugates in bioprocesses and to describe potential fields in which these proteins can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- José González-Valdez
- Departamento de Biotecnología e Ingeniería de Alimentos, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
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Na DH, Park EJ, Kim MS, Cho CK, Woo BH, Lee HS, Lee KC. Characterization of Two Ricin Isoforms by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis and Capillary Isoelectric Focusing. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.12.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park EJ, Lee KS, Lee KC, Na DH. Application of microchip CGE for the analysis of PEG-modified recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factors. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3771-4. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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