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Cioccari L, Luethi N, Duong T, Ryan E, Cutuli SL, Lloyd-Donald P, Eastwood GM, Peck L, Young H, Vaara ST, French CJ, Orford N, Dwivedi J, Lankadeva YR, Bailey M, Reid GE, Bellomo R. Cytokine and lipid metabolome effects of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid in critically ill patients with systemic inflammation: a pilot, feasibility, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. CRIT CARE RESUSC 2020; 22:227-236. [PMID: 32900329 PMCID: PMC10692583 DOI: 10.1016/s1441-2772(23)00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a dysregulated response that contributes to critical illness. Adjunctive acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment may offer beneficial effects by increasing the synthesis of specialised proresolving mediators (a subset of polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived lipid mediators). DESIGN Pilot, feasibility, multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING Four interdisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia. PARTICIPANTS Critically ill patients with SIRS. INTERVENTIONS ASA 100 mg 12-hourly or placebo, administered within 24 hours of ICU admission and continued until ICU day 7, discharge or death, whichever came first. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum concentration at 48 hours after randomisation and, in a prespecified subgroup of patients, serum lipid mediator concentrations measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The trial was discontinued in December 2017 due to slow recruitment and after the inclusion of 48 patients. Compared with placebo, ASA did not decrease IL-6 serum concentration at 48 hours. In the 32 patients with analysis of lipid mediators, low-dose ASA increased the concentration of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a proresolving precursor of lipoxin A4, and reduced the concentration of the proinflammatory cytochrome P-dependent mediators 17-HETE (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), 18-HETE and 20-HETE. In the eicosapentaenoic acid pathway, ASA significantly increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory mediators 17,18-DiHETE (dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) and 14,15-DiHETE. CONCLUSIONS In ICU patients with SIRS, low-dose ASA did not significantly alter serum IL-6 concentrations, but it did affect plasma concentrations of certain lipid mediators. The ability to measure lipid mediators in clinical samples and to monitor the effect of ASA on their levels unlocks a potential area of biological investigation in critical care. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12614001165673).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cioccari
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Nora Luethi
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Thy Duong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Eileen Ryan
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Salvatore L Cutuli
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | | | - Glenn M Eastwood
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Leah Peck
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Helen Young
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Suvi T Vaara
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Craig J French
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Neil Orford
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Dwivedi
- Department of Intensive Care, Bankstown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yugeesh R Lankadeva
- Preclinical Critical Care Unit, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Michael Bailey
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Gavin E Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rinaldo Bellomo
- Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Sulforaphane inhibits the engagement of LPS with TLR4/MD2 complex by preferential binding to Cys133 in MD2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:600-5. [PMID: 23583403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern-recognition receptors that recognize invading pathogens and non-microbial endogenous molecules to induce innate and adaptive immune responses. Since activation of TLRs is deeply implicated in the pathological progress of autoimmune diseases, sepsis, metabolic diseases, and cancer, modulation of TLR activity is considered one of the most important therapeutic approaches. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin of gram-negative bacteria, is a well-known agonist for TLR4 triggering inflammation and septic shock. LPS interacts with TLR4 through binding to a hydrophobic pocket in myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2), a co-receptor of TLR4. In this study, we showed that sulforaphane (SFN) interfered with the binding of LPS to MD2 as determined by in vitro binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation of MD2 and LPS in a cell system. The inhibitory effect of SFN on the interaction of LPS and MD2 was reversed by thiol supplementation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine or dithiothreitol showing that the inhibitory effect of SFN is dependent on its thiol-modifying activity. Indeed, micro LC-MS/MS analysis showed that SFN preferentially formed adducts with Cys133 in the hydrophobic pocket of MD2, but not with Cys95 and Cys105. Molecular modeling showed that SFN bound to Cys133 blocks the engagement of LPS and lipid IVa to hydrophobic pocket of MD2. Our results demonstrate that SFN interrupts LPS engagement to TLR4/MD2 complex by direct binding to Cys133 in MD2. Our data suggest a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of SFN, and provide a novel target for the regulation of TLR4-mediated inflammatory and immune responses by phytochemicals.
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