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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. [Autophagy modulation by viruses: An important role in tumor progression]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:159-167. [PMID: 35179470 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important process for cellular homeostasis at critical steps of development or in response to environmental stress. In the context of cancers, autophagy has a significant impact on tumor occurrence and tumor cell growth. On the one hand, autophagy limits the transformation of precancerous cells into cancer cells at an early stage. However, on the other hand, it promotes cell survival, cell proliferation, metastasis and resistance to anti-tumor therapies in more advanced tumors. Autophagy can be induced by a variety of extracellular and intracellular stimulus. Viral infections have often been associated with a modulation of autophagy, with variable impacts on viral replication and on the survival of infected cells depending on the model studied. In a tumor context, the modulation of autophagy induced by the viral infection of tumor cells seems to have a significant impact on tumor progression. The aim of this review article is to present recent findings regarding the consequences of autophagy disturbance by viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Département de chirurgie thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Inserm UMRS1138, Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'École de médecine, 75006 Paris, France - Sorbonne université, Univ Paris 6, France
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2
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Leonardi L, Sibéril S, Alifano M, Cremer I, Joubert PE. Autophagy Modulation by Viral Infections Influences Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743780. [PMID: 34745965 PMCID: PMC8569469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative process important for balancing cellular homeostasis at critical times in development and/or in response to nutrient stress. This is particularly relevant in tumor model in which autophagy has been demonstrated to have an important impact on tumor behavior. In one hand, autophagy limits tumor transformation of precancerous cells in early stage, and in the other hand, it favors the survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to antitumor therapies in more advanced tumors. This catabolic machinery can be induced by an important variety of extra- and intracellular stimuli. For instance, viral infection has often been associated to autophagic modulation, and the role of autophagy in virus replication differs according to the virus studied. In the context of tumor development, virus-modulated autophagy can have an important impact on tumor cells' fate. Extensive analyses have shed light on the molecular and/or functional complex mechanisms by which virus-modulated autophagy influences precancerous or tumor cell development. This review includes an overview of discoveries describing the repercussions of an autophagy perturbation during viral infections on tumor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Leonardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Sibéril
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Cochin Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Joubert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMRS1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Univ Paris, Paris, France
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3
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Sadri Nahand J, Rabiei N, Fathazam R, Taghizadieh M, Ebrahimi MS, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Bannazadeh Baghi H, Khatami A, Abbasi-Kolli M, Mirzaei HR, Rahimian N, Darvish M, Mirzaei H. Oncogenic viruses and chemoresistance: What do we know? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105730. [PMID: 34119621 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance is often referred to as a major leading reason for cancer therapy failure, causing cancer relapse and further metastasis. As a result, an urgent need has been raised to reach a full comprehension of chemoresistance-associated molecular pathways, thereby designing new therapy methods. Many of metastatic tumor masses are found to be related with a viral cause. Although combined therapy is perceived as the model role therapy in such cases, chemoresistant features, which is more common in viral carcinogenesis, often get into way of this kind of therapy, minimizing the chance of survival. Some investigations indicate that the infecting virus dominates other leading factors, i.e., genetic alternations and tumor microenvironment, in development of cancer cell chemoresistance. Herein, we have gathered the available evidence on the mechanisms under which oncogenic viruses cause drug-resistance in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Rabiei
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Fathazam
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women's Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliReza Khatami
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasi-Kolli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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4
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Qiu MZ, He CY, Yang DJ, Zhou DL, Zhao BW, Wang XJ, Yang LQ, Lu SX, Wang FH, Xu RH. Observational cohort study of clinical outcome in Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric cancer patients. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920937434. [PMID: 32670421 PMCID: PMC7338646 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920937434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epstein–Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) has unique
clinicopathologic features and our present understanding of its treatment
outcome is limited. Here, we investigated the clinical outcomes of
resectable and metastatic EBVaGC cases with regards to their respective
treatment. Methods: We retrieved the data of EBVaGC patients treated at our center from October
2014 to June 2019. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary
endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) for stage I–III patients,
progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR) for stage
IV patients. Results: Patients classified as stage I–III accounted for 83.7% of the total 197 cases
analyzed. Two patients had mismatched repair-deficiency. The 5-year OS rate
of the entire cohort was 63.51% [95% (confidence interval (CI):
52.31–72.76%]. Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and gastric stump cancer
were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS. The 3- and 5-year
DFS rate for stage I–III patients were 83.72% (95% CI: 75.86–89.19%) and
73.83% (95% CI: 60.39–83.32%), respectively. TNM stage III, neural invasion,
lymphovascular invasion, and baseline plasma EBV-DNA positive were
correlated with shorter DFS. The ORR and disease control rate (DCR) for
metastatic EBVaGC patients to first-line therapy were 29.0% and 90.3%
(median PFS: 9.8 months), respectively, and to second-line therapy were
25.0% and 75.0%, respectively. Seven patients received anti-PD1 therapy and
had an ORR of 28.5% and a median PFS of 2.8 months. Conclusions: EBVaGC patients have few metastases, long DFS, and high DCR. TNM stage and
gastric stump cancer were independent prognostic factors for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Zhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Yun He
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Da-Jun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Da-Lei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Wei Zhao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qiong Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
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Hui D, Chen J, Jiang Y, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Dong M, Shao C. CD44 +CD24 -/low sphere-forming cells of EBV-associated gastric carcinomas show immunosuppressive effects and induce Tregs partially through production of PGE2. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111968. [PMID: 32197932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is accompanied by massive lymphocyte infiltration, but therapy resistance and tumor progression still occur in patients with EBVaGC. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are reported to possess immunomodulatory ability that allows them to resist immune-mediated rejection for many tumor types. However, whether and how CSCs in EBVaGC exhibit immunosuppression has not yet been elucidated. We isolated CSC-like sphere-forming cells (SFCs) from EBVaGC cell line SNU-719 using the cancer sphere method. We validated their CSC-associated properties in the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, the ability to form colonies, and resistance to chemotherapy drug-induced apoptosis and explored their immunomodulatory ability using the coculture system with PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell). These CSC-like SFCs were CD44+CD24-/low and were more tumorigenic than the parental SNU-719 cells in the xenograft mouse model. Remarkably, in the tumor-PBMC co-culturing experiments, these EBVaGC SFCs demonstrated profound immunosuppression by inhibiting the proliferation of PBMCs and T cell activation as well as inducing the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Furthermore, the induction of Tregs was partially dependent on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced from SFCs. Moreover, the presence of high CD44+CD24-/low cells in tumor tissues predicted a decreased disease-free survival in patients with EBVaGC. Our study collectively confirmed the existence and immune resistance of CSCs in EBVaGC and offers new insights into the development of novel anti-EBVaGC strategies by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Hui
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yuhang Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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6
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Mechanistic Insights into Chemoresistance Mediated by Oncogenic Viruses in Lymphomas. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121161. [PMID: 31888174 PMCID: PMC6950054 DOI: 10.3390/v11121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral lymphomagenesis induced by infection with oncogenic viruses, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1), represents a group of aggressive malignancies with a diverse range of pathological features. Combined chemotherapy remains the standard of care for these virus-associated lymphomas; however, frequent chemoresistance is a barrier to achieving successful long-term disease-free survival. There is increasing evidence that indicates virus-associated lymphomas display more resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents than that observed in solid tumors. Although the tumor microenvironment and genetic changes, such as key oncogene mutations, are closely related to chemoresistance, some studies demonstrate that the components of oncogenic viruses themselves play pivotal roles in the multidrug chemoresistance of lymphoma cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms through which oncogenic viruses mediate lymphoma cell chemoresistance, with a particular focus on KSHV and EBV, two major oncogenic viruses. We also discuss the current challenges to overcome these obstacles in the treatment of virus-associated lymphomas.
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7
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Ohmura H, Ito M, Uchino K, Okada C, Tanishima S, Yamada Y, Momosaki S, Komoda M, Kuwayama M, Yamaguchi K, Okumura Y, Nakano M, Tsuchihashi K, Isobe T, Ariyama H, Kusaba H, Oda Y, Akashi K, Baba E. Methylation of drug resistance-related genes in chemotherapy-sensitive Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 10:147-157. [PMID: 31736281 PMCID: PMC6943226 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric cancer (GC) is associated with a high degree of DNA methylation. However, the association between chemotherapy susceptibility and tumor DNA methylation in advanced diseases remains unclear. The comprehensive DNA methylation status of GC cells obtained from an advanced EBV‐associated GC (EBVGC) case, in which complete response to S‐1 plus cisplatin chemotherapy was achieved, was analyzed using a DNA methylation microarray. We compared DNA methylation of GC cells with public data and identified genes with higher methylation in EBVGC cell lines than in normal gastric cells, and genes in which methylation was increased by EBV. Of these genes, ABCG2, AHNAK2, BCL2, FZD1, and TP73 are associated with published evidence for resistance to 5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin. Silencing of these genes may be associated with hypersensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Ohmura
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Uchino
- Department of Clinical Oncology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Engineering Section Biomedical Informatics Development Department Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tanishima
- Engineering Section Biomedical Informatics Development Department Kansai Division, Mitsubishi Space Software, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiya Momosaki
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Komoda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kuwayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Munakata Medical Association Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Okumura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Oita, Japan
| | - Michitaka Nakano
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Medical Oncology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Tsuchihashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taichi Isobe
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ariyama
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kusaba
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eishi Baba
- Department of Oncology and Social Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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8
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Baek DW, Kang BW, Kim JG. The Predictive Value of Epstein-Barr Virus-Positivity in Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy Followed by Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Chonnam Med J 2018; 54:173-177. [PMID: 30288373 PMCID: PMC6165919 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2018.54.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the survival impact of standard adjuvant chemotherapy and prognostic differences between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) and EBV-negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC). A total of 276 patients were enrolled according to the following criteria: 1) pathologically diagnosed with primary gastric adenocarcinoma, 2) test results from EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization, 3) stage II/III according to the 7th edition of UICC/AJCC staging system for gastric cancer, and 4) postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Fifty-nine (21.4%) and 217 (78.6%) patients exhibited EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively, while 129 (46.7%) patients were classified as stage II and 147 (53.3%) as stage III. As for adjuvant chemotherapy, 87 (31.5%) patients received capecitabine and oxaliplatin, while 189 (68.5%) received S-1 monotherapy. With a median follow-up duration of 21.3 (6.4-89.0) months, the estimated 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 74.8% and 83.0%, respectively. In univariate analysis and multivariate analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model including age, gender, stage, Lauren classification, and the type of chemotherapy, EBV-positivity was not significantly associated with DFS (p-value= 0.630) regardless of the type of chemotherapy. Therefore, no association was found between EBV positivity and the survival outcomes in patients with curatively resected gastric cancer who received standard adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Won Baek
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Cancer Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
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9
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Su S, Zou Z, Chen F, Ding N, Du J, Shao J, Li L, Fu Y, Hu B, Yang Y, Sha H, Meng F, Wei J, Huang X, Liu B. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated disruption of PD-1 on human T cells for adoptive cellular therapies of EBV positive gastric cancer. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1249558. [PMID: 28197365 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1249558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful use of immune cell checkpoint inhibitors PD-1 and PD-L1, over the past 5 y has raised the concern of using immunotherapy to treat various cancers. Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) exhibits high infiltration of lymphocytes and high amplification of immune-related genes including PD-L1 as distinguished from Epstein-Barr virus-non-associated gastric cancer (EBVnGC). Here, we presume that this PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may hinder the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy toward EBVaGC. These studies reveal possibility of generating PD-1-disrupted CTL by CRISPR-Cas9 system and demonstrate enhanced immune response of these PD-1-disrupted CTLs to the EBV-LMP2A antigen and superior cytotoxicity to the EBV-positive gastric cancer cell. In addition, when combined with low-dose radiotherapy, these PD-1-disrupted CTLs mediated an impressive antitumor effect in a xenograft mouse model of EBVaGC. Taken together, these studies illustrate PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune tolerance of EBVaGC and provide a new strategy for targeting immune checkpoints to break the tolerance for the T cell-based adoptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Su
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Fangjun Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Naiqing Ding
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Du
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Bian Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice , Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Huizi Sha
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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10
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Lee M, Son M, Ryu E, Shin YS, Kim JG, Kang BW, Cho H, Kang H. Quercetin-induced apoptosis prevents EBV infection. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12603-24. [PMID: 26059439 PMCID: PMC4494961 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gamma-1 herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latency in over 90% of the world's population. During latency, virus exists predominantly as a chromatin-associated, multicopy episome in the nuclei of a variety of tumor cells derived from B cells, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and epithelial cells. Licorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra that has traditionally cultivated in eastern part of Asia. Licorice was reported to have anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-atopic, hepatoprotective, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic effects and so forth. Quercetin and isoliquiritigenin are produced from licorice and highly similar in molecular structure. They have diverse bioactive effects such as antiviral activity, anti-asthmatic activity, anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammation activity, monoamine-oxidase inhibitor, and etc. To determine anti-EBV and anti-EBVaGC (Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma) effects of licorice, we investigated antitumor and antiviral effects of quercetin and isoliquiritigenin against EBVaGC. Although both quercetin and isoliquiritigenin are cytotoxic to SNU719 cells, quercetin induced more apoptosis in SNU719 cells than isoliquiritigenin, more completely eliminated DNMT1 and DNMT3A expressions than isoliquiritigenin, and more strongly affects the cell cycle progression of SNU719 than isoliquiritigenin. Both quercetin and isoliquiritigenin induce signal transductions to stimulate apoptosis, and induce EBV gene transcription. Quercetin enhances frequency of F promoter use, whereas isoliquiritigenin enhances frequency of Q promoter use. Quercetin reduces EBV latency, whereas isoliquiritigenin increases the latency. Quercetin increases more the EBV progeny production, and inhibits more EBV infection than isoliquiritigenin. These results indicate that quercetin could be a promising candidate for antiviral and antitumor agents against EBV and human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungki Son
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyun Ryu
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Su Shin
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Gwang Kim
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woog Kang
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojeung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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11
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Epstein-Barr Virus MicroRNA miR-BART20-5p Suppresses Lytic Induction by Inhibiting BAD-Mediated caspase-3-Dependent Apoptosis. J Virol 2015; 90:1359-68. [PMID: 26581978 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02794-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gammaherpesvirus associated with a variety of tumor types. EBV can establish latency or undergo lytic replication in host cells. In general, EBV remains latent in tumors and expresses a limited repertoire of latent proteins to avoid host immune surveillance. When the lytic cycle is triggered by some as-yet-unknown form of stimulation, lytic gene expression and progeny virus production commence. Thus far, the exact mechanism of EBV latency maintenance and the in vivo triggering signal for lytic induction have yet to be elucidated. Previously, we have shown that the EBV microRNA miR-BART20-5p directly targets the immediate early genes BRLF1 and BZLF1 as well as Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. In this study, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of BRLF1 and BZLF1 were suppressed in cells following BAD knockdown and increased after BAD overexpression. Progeny virus production was also downregulated by specific knockdown of BAD. Our results demonstrated that caspase-3-dependent apoptosis is a prerequisite for BAD-mediated EBV lytic cycle induction. Therefore, our data suggest that miR-BART20-5p plays an important role in latency maintenance and tumor persistence of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma by inhibiting BAD-mediated caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, which would trigger immediate early gene expression. IMPORTANCE EBV has an ability to remain latent in host cells, including EBV-associated tumor cells hiding from immune surveillance. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of EBV latency maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that miR-BART20-5p inhibited the expression of EBV immediate early genes indirectly, by suppressing BAD-induced caspase-3-dependent apoptosis, in addition to directly, as we previously reported. Our study suggests that EBV-associated tumor cells might endure apoptotic stress to some extent and remain latent with the aid of miR-BART20-5p. Blocking the expression or function of BART20-5p may expedite EBV-associated tumor cell death via immune attack and apoptosis.
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Yanai H, Yahara N, Furuya T, Hayashi H, Murakami T, Shimokawa Y, Sugihara S. Long-Term Survival of Patient with Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Gastric Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy: Case Report. J Gastrointest Cancer 2015; 47:107-10. [PMID: 25972063 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-015-9729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Yanai
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, 1-1 Sotoura, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Noboru Yahara
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takumi Furuya
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kanmon Medical Center, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuzo Shimokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Sugihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sugihara Internal Medicine & Digestive Disease Clinic, Shimonoseki, Japan
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13
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Kim H, Choi H, Lee SK. Epstein-Barr virus miR-BART20-5p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting BAD. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:733-42. [PMID: 25449437 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) microRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitously expressed in EBV-associated tumors, the role of most BART miRNAs is unclear. In this study, we showed that Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) expression was significantly lower in EBV-infected AGS-EBV cells than in EBV-negative AGS cells and investigated whether BART miRNAs target BAD. Using bioinformatics analysis, five BART miRNAs showing seed match with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of BAD were selected. Of these, only miR-BART20-5p reduced BAD expression when individually transfected into AGS cells. A luciferase assay revealed that miR-BART20-5p directly targets BAD. The expression of BAD mRNA and protein was decreased by miR-BART20-5p and increased by an inhibitor of miR-BART20-5p. PE-Annexin V staining and cell proliferation assays showed that miR-BART20-5p reduced apoptosis and enhanced cell growth. Furthermore, miR-BART20-5p increased chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil and docetaxel. Our data suggest that miR-BART20-5p contributes to tumorigenesis of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma by directly targeting the 3'-UTR of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoji Kim
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Hoyun Choi
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Suk Kyeong Lee
- Department of Medical Lifescience, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.
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14
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MicroRNA miR-BART20-5p stabilizes Epstein-Barr virus latency by directly targeting BZLF1 and BRLF1. J Virol 2014; 88:9027-37. [PMID: 24899173 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00721-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus associated with various tumors. Rather than going through the lytic cycle, EBV maintains latency by limiting the expression of viral genes in tumors. Viral microRNAs (miRNAs) of some herpesviruses have been reported to directly target immediate early genes and suppress lytic induction. In this study, we investigated whether BamHI-A rightward transcript (BART) miRNAs targeted two EBV immediate early genes, BZLF1 and BRLF1. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that 12 different BART miRNAs would target BRLF1. Of these, the results of a luciferase reporter assay indicated that only one interacted with the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of BRLF1: miR-BART20-5p. miR-BART20-5p's effect on gene expression involved two putative seed match sites in the BRLF1 3' UTR, but a mutant version of the miRNA, miR-BART20-5pm, had no effect on expression. As expected from the fact that the entire 3' UTR of BZLF1 resides within the 3' UTR of BRLF1, miR-BART20-5p interacted with the 3' UTR of BZLF1 as well. BZLF1 and BRLF1 mRNA and protein expression was suppressed in cells of an AGS cell line infected with the recombinant Akata strain of EBV (AGS-EBV) transfected with a miR-BART20-5p mimic. The expression of various EBV early proteins was also suppressed by the miR-BART20-5p mimic. In contrast, BZLF1 and BRLF1 expression in AGS-EBV cells transfected with a miR-BART20-5p inhibitor was enhanced. Furthermore, progeny virus production was suppressed by the miR-BART20-5p mimic and enhanced by the miR-BART20-5p inhibitor in AGS-EBV cells induced for the lytic cycle. Our data suggest that miR-BART20-5p plays a key role in latency maintenance in EBV-associated tumors by directly targeting immediate early genes. IMPORTANCE Herpesviruses maintain latency using various mechanisms and establish lifelong infection in the host. From time to time, herpesviruses are reactivated and express immediate early genes which trigger a lytic cascade, leading to the production of progeny viruses. Recently, some herpesviruses have been shown to use their own microRNAs (miRNAs) to downregulate immediate early genes to inhibit the lytic cycle. This study presents evidence that EBV also downregulates two immediate early genes by miR-BART20-5p to suppress the lytic cycle and progeny virus production. Overall, this is the first study to report the direct regulation of EBV immediate early genes by an EBV miRNA, implying its likely importance in latency maintenance in EBV-associated tumors.
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15
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Smets F, Sokal EM. Prevention and treatment for Epstein-Barr virus infection and related cancers. Recent Results Cancer Res 2014; 193:173-190. [PMID: 24008299 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38965-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first herpes virus described as being oncogenic in humans. EBV infection is implicated in post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases (PTLD) and several other cancers in non-immunocompromised patients, with more than 200,000 new cases per year. While prevention of PTLD is improving, mainly based on EBV monitoring and preemptive tapering of immunosuppression, early diagnosis remains the best current option for the other malignancies. Significant progress has been achieved in treatment, with decreased mortality and morbidity, but some challenges are still to face, especially for the more aggressive diseases. Possible prevention by EBV vaccination would be a more global approach of this public health problem, but further active research is needed before this goal could be reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Smets
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10/1301, 1200, Brussels, Belgium,
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16
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Yoon JH, Choi YJ, Choi WS, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Nam SW, Lee JY, Park WS. GKN1-miR-185-DNMT1 axis suppresses gastric carcinogenesis through regulation of epigenetic alteration and cell cycle. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4599-610. [PMID: 23846337 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) functions to protect the gastric antral mucosa and promotes healing by facilitating restoration and proliferation after injury. GKN1 is downregulated in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells and loss of GKN1 expression is closely associated with gastric carcinogenesis, but underlying mechanisms of the tumor-suppressing effects of GKN1 remain largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AGS, MKN1, MKN28 gastric cancer cells and HFE-145 immortalized non-neoplastic gastric mucosal cells were transfected with GKN1 or shGKN1. We conducted molecular and functional studies of GKN1 and miR-185 and investigated the mechanisms of alteration. We also analyzed epigenetic alterations in 80 gastric cancer tissues. RESULTS Restoration of GKN1 protein suppressed gastric cancer cell growth by inducing endogenous miR-185 that directly targets epigenetic effectors DNMT1 and EZH2 in gastric cancer cells. In addition, ectopic expression of GKN1 upregulated Tip60 and downregulated HDAC1 in an miR-185-independent manner, thereby inducing cell-cycle arrest by regulating cell-cycle proteins in gastric cancer cells. Notably, GKN1 expression was inversely correlated with DNMT1 and EZH2 expression in a subset of 80 gastric cancer tissues and various gastric cancer cell lines. Interestingly, it was found that GKN1 exerted a synergistic anti-cancerous effect with 5-fluorouracil on tumor cell growth, which suggests a possible therapeutic intervention method for gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Our results show that GKN1 has an miR-185-dependent and -independent mechanism for chromatic and DNA epigenetic modification, thereby regulating the cell cycle. Thus, the loss of GKN1 function contributes to malignant transformation and proliferation of gastric epithelial cells in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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5-Fluorouracil delivery from a novel three-dimensional micro-device: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1487-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Guo H, Wang T, Su HX. Epstein-Barr virus and gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1616-1622. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i17.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks second among malignancies in terms of global incidence. Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV)-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a recently recognized entity, which is defined by the presence of EBV in gastric carcinoma cells. EBVaGC represents about 10% of gastric carcinoma cases worldwide. It is estimated that there are over 80000 new EBVaGC cases in the world annually. EBVaGC shows some distinct clinical and pathological characteristics. The observation that EBV-encoded small RNA is expressed in cancer cells but not in surrounding normal epithelial cells strongly suggests that EBV plays an etiological role in gastric carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss the relationship between EBV and gastric carcinogenesis.
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Moon JY, Cho M, Ahn KS, Cho SK. Nobiletin Induces Apoptosis and Potentiates the Effects of the Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in p53-Mutated SNU-16 Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:286-95. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Li B, Wang L, Chi B. Upregulation of periostin prevents P53-mediated apoptosis in SGC-7901 gastric cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1677-83. [PMID: 23076534 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is frequently upregulated in human cancers including gastric cancer and implicated in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of periostin overexpression on the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. We constructed a stable cell line overexpressing periostin in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay revealed that periostin had no influence on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells. Compared to empty vector-transfected cells, overexpression of periostin rendered SGC-7901 cells more resistant to cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced apoptosis, accompanying with less release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and diminished cleavage of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Periostin-overexpressing cells treated with cisplatin or 5-FU showed significantly (p < 0.05) decreased expression of Bax and p53 proteins and increased expression of Bcl-2 protein, when compared to drug-treated mock counterparts. Restoration of p53 expression by delivering wild-type p53 gene resulted in a marked increase in drug-induced apoptosis in periostin-overexpressing SGC-7901 cells. Periostin overexpression elevated the phosphorylation of Akt. Pretreatment of periostin-overexpressing cells with an Akt inhibitor, MK-2206, partially rescued periostin-mediated inhibition of p53 expression and drug resistance. Taken together, our data indicate that periostin confers protection against cisplatin or 5-FU-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells, likely through modulating the Akt/p53 pathway, and thus represents a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Jilin, 1300112, China
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