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Ezquer FE, Ezquer ME, Vicencio JM, Calligaris SD. Two complementary strategies to improve cell engraftment in mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy: Increasing transplanted cell resistance and increasing tissue receptivity. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:110-119. [PMID: 27294313 PMCID: PMC5308221 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1197480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, therapies based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been tested to treat several types of diseases in clinical studies, due to their potential for tissue repair and regeneration. Currently, MSC-based therapy is considered a biologically safe procedure, with the therapeutic results being very promising. However, the benefits of these therapies are not stable in the long term, and the final outcomes manifest with high inter-patient variability. The major cause of these therapeutic limitations results from the poor engraftment of the transplanted cells. Researchers have developed separate strategies to improve MSC engraftment. One strategy aims at increasing the survival of the transplanted MSCs in the recipient tissue, rendering them more resistant to the hostile microenvironment (cell-preconditioning). Another strategy aims at making the damaged tissue more receptive to the transplanted cells, favoring their interactions (tissue-preconditioning). In this review, we summarize several approaches using these strategies, providing an integral and updated view of the recent developments in MSC-based therapies. In addition, we propose that the combined use of these different conditioning strategies could accelerate the process to translate experimental evidences from pre-clinic studies to the daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando E Ezquer
- a Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Marcelo E Ezquer
- a Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Sebastián D Calligaris
- a Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
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Lemoine S, Zhu L, Gress S, Gérard JL, Allouche S, Hanouz JL. Mitochondrial involvement in propofol-induced cardioprotection: An in vitro study in human myocardium. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:527-38. [PMID: 26748397 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215622586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol has been shown to exert cardioprotection, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We examined: (1) whether propofol-induced cardioprotection depended on the time and the dose of administration; (2) the role of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels, nitric oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in propofol-induced cardioprotection. Human right atrial trabeculae were obtained during cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass and aortic valve replacement. Isometric force of contraction of human right atrial trabeculae hanged in an oxygenated Tyrode's solution was recorded during 30-min hypoxia and 60-min reoxygenation (Control). Propofol 0.1, 1, and 10 µM was administered: (1) 5 min before hypoxia until the end of the experiment; (2) 5 min followed by 5-min washout before hypoxia; (3) during the reoxygenation period, propofol 10 µM was administered in presence of 5-hydroxydecanoate (antagonist of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels), and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase). In addition, mitochondria were isolated from human right atrial at 15 min of reoxygenation. The effect of propofol on activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The force of contraction (% of baseline) and the complex activity between the different groups were compared with an analysis of variance and post hoc test. Propofol 10 µM administered during the reoxygenation period significantly improved the recovery of force of contraction at the end of reoxygenation (82 ± 6% of baseline value vs. 49 ± 6% in Control; P < 0.001). The beneficial effects of propofol 10 µM were abolished by co-administration with 5-hydroxydecanoate (53 ± 8%) or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (57 ± 6%). Propofol 10 µM significantly increased enzymatic activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, in reoxygenation period, compared to their respective untreated controls. In conclusion, in human myocardium, propofol-induced cardioprotection was mediated by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels opening, nitric oxide synthase activation and stimulation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, in early reoxygenation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lemoine
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Faculty of Medicine, Normandie Université, EA4650, Caen 14033, France
| | - Lan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Faculty of Medicine, Normandie Université, EA4650, Caen 14033, France
| | - Steeve Gress
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Faculty of Medicine, Normandie Université, EA4650, Caen 14033, France
| | - Jean-Louis Gérard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Faculty of Medicine, Normandie Université, EA4650, Caen 14033, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Faculty of Medicine, Normandie Université, EA4650, Caen 14033, France
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Rohilla A, Ahmad A, Khan M, Khanam R. A comparative study on the cardioprotective potential of atorvastatin and simvastatin in hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Cuadrado-Berrocal I, Gómez-Gaviro MV, Benito Y, Barrio A, Bermejo J, Fernández-Santos ME, Sánchez PL, Desco M, Fernández-Avilés F, Fernández-Velasco M, Boscá L, de Las Heras B. A labdane diterpene exerts ex vivo and in vivo cardioprotection against post-ischemic injury: involvement of AKT-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:428-39. [PMID: 25557296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches to protect the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury are an area of intense research, as myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Diterpenes are bioactive natural products with great therapeutic potential. In the present study, we have investigated the in vivo cardioprotective effects of a labdane diterpene (DT1) against cardiac I/R injury and the molecular mechanisms involved. DT1 attenuates post-ischemic injury via an AKT-dependent activation of HIF-1α, survival pathways and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in Wistar rats occluding the left coronary artery (LCA) for 30min followed by 72h reperfusion. DT1 (5mg/kg) was intravenously administered at reperfusion. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms of cardioprotection in the Langendorff-perfused model. Cardioprotection was observed when DT1 was administered after myocardial injury. The molecular mechanisms involved the activation of the survival pathway PDK-1, AKT and AMPK, a reduced phosphorylation of PKD1/2 and sustained HIF-1α activity, leading to increased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and decreased caspase-3 activation. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT following MI and prior to DT1 challenge significantly decreased the cardioprotection afforded by DT1 therapy at reperfusion. Cardiac function after MI was significantly improved after DT1-treatment, as evidenced by hemodynamic recovery and decreased myocardial infarct size. These findings demonstrate an efficient in vivo cardioprotection by diterpene DT1 against I/R when administered at reperfusion, opening new therapeutic strategies as adjunctive therapy for the pharmacological management of I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cuadrado-Berrocal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Gómez-Gaviro
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aerospacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Benito
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Barrio
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bermejo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Sánchez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Unidad de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aerospacial, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Fernández-Velasco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La PAZ, IDIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La PAZ, IDIPAZ, Paseo de la Castellana, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz de Las Heras
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Dongworth RK, Hall AR, Burke N, Hausenloy DJ. Targeting mitochondria for cardioprotection: examining the benefit for patients. Future Cardiol 2014; 10:255-72. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.14.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Mitochondria are critical for sustaining life, not only as the essential powerhouses of cells but as critical mediators of cell survival and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key perturbation underlying numerous pathologies including myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury and the subsequent development of impaired left ventricular systolic function and compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. This article outlines the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these important cardiac pathologies and highlights current cardioprotective strategies and their clinical efficacy in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure patients. Finally, we explore novel mitochondrial targets and evaluate their potential future translation for clinical cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Dongworth
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, UK
| | - Andrew R Hall
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, UK
| | - Niall Burke
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, UK
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London, UK
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Rohilla A, Khan MU, Khanam R. Cardioprotective potential of simvastatin in the hyperhomocysteinemic rat heart. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2012; 3:193-8. [PMID: 23057007 PMCID: PMC3459450 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the probable role of simvastatin, 3-hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, in abrogated cardioprotection in hyperhomocysteinemic (Hhcy) rat hearts. Isolated Langendorff's perfused normal and Hhcy rat hearts were subjected to 30-min global ischemia (I) followed by 120-min reperfusion (R). Assessment of myocardial damage was done by measuring infarct size and analyzing the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) in coronary effluent. In addition, the oxidative stress in the heart was assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation and superoxide anion generation. I/R produced myocardial injury in normal and Hhcy rat hearts by increasing myocardial infarct size, LDH and CK in coronary effluent and oxidative stress. Hhcy rat hearts showed enhanced myocardial injury and high oxidative stress as compared to normal hearts. Treatment with Simvastatin (10 μMol) afforded cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts as assessed in terms of reductions in myocardial infarct size, LDH and CK levels in coronary effluent and oxidative stress. The reductions in the high degree of oxidative stress may be responsible for the observed cardioprotection afforded by simvastatin against I/R-induced myocardial injury in normal and hyperhomocysteinemic rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Rohilla
- Department of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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