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Hurley K, Clow R, Jadhav A, Azzam EI, Wang Y. Mitigation of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) with human umbilical cord blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:317-334. [PMID: 37967239 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2277372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The growing concern over potential unintended nuclear accidents or malicious activities involving nuclear/radiological devices cannot be overstated. Exposure to whole-body doses of radiation can result in acute radiation syndrome (ARS), colloquially known as "radiation sickness," which can severely damage various organ systems. Long-term health consequences, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, can develop many years post-exposure. Identifying effective medical countermeasures and devising a strategic medical plan represents an urgent, unmet need. Various clinical studies have investigated the therapeutic use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for a range of illnesses, including ARS. The objective of this review is to thoroughly discuss ARS and its sub-syndromes, and to highlight recent findings regarding the use of UCB for radiation injury. UCB, a rich source of stem cells, boasts numerous advantages over other stem cell sources, like bone marrow, owing to its ease of collection and relatively low risk of severe graft-versus-host disease. Preclinical studies suggest that treatment with UCB, and often UCB-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), results in improved survival, accelerated hematopoietic recovery, reduced gastrointestinal tract damage, and mitigation of radiation-induced pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that UCB-derived exosomes and their microRNAs (miRNAs) might assist in treating radiation-induced damage, largely by inhibiting fibrotic pathways. CONCLUSION UCB holds substantial potential as a radiation countermeasure, and future research should focus on establishing treatment parameters for ARS victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hurley
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Rachel Clow
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Ashok Jadhav
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Edouard I Azzam
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Protective Effect of Bojungikki-Tang against Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury in Mice: Experimental Verification and Compound-Target Prediction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:5417813. [PMID: 36644439 PMCID: PMC9833920 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5417813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bojungikki-tang (BJIT) is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea, Japan, and China to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether BJIT has protective effects against radiation-induced intestinal injury and to predict the underlying therapeutic mechanisms and related pathways via network pharmacological analyses. BJIT was injected intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg body weight) to C3H/HeN mice at 36 and 12 h before exposure to partial abdominal irradiation (5 Gy and 13 Gy) to evaluate the apoptotic changes and the histological changes and variations in inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in the jejunum, respectively. Through in silico network analysis, we predicted the mechanisms underlying BJIT-mediated regulation of radiation-induced intestinal injury. BJIT reduced the level of apoptosis in the jejunal crypts 12 h post 5-Gy irradiation. Histological assessment revealed intestinal morphological changes in irradiated mice 3.5 days post 13-Gy irradiation. Furthermore, BJIT decreased inflammatory cytokine levels following radiation exposure. Apoptosis, TNF, p53, VEGF, toll-like receptor, PPAR, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were found to be linked to the radioprotective effects of BJIT against intestinal injury. According to our results, BJIT exerted its potential protective effects by attenuating histopathological changes in jejunal crypts and suppressing inflammatory mediator levels. Therefore, BJIT is a potential therapeutic agent that can treat radiation-induced intestinal injury and its associated symptoms.
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Yu X, Zhu L, Liang X, Yuan B, Li M, Hu S, Ding P, Du L, Guo J, Jin Y. A wearable gamma radiation-responsive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor microneedle system protecting against ionizing radiation-induced injury. Acta Biomater 2022; 146:197-210. [PMID: 35487423 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a nuclear accident or a radiological attack may cause serious death events due to ionizing radiation-induced injury and acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is now used for the treatment of ARS. However, the current injection formulation might not ensure treatment as early as possible after a nuclear accident, resulting in a decrease in therapeutic efficiency. In the present study, we have developed a G-CSF wearable system (GWS) consisting of a commercial microchip, a temperature sensor, a gamma-ray detection sensor, a flexible heater, and a G-CSF temperature-sensitive microneedle (GTSMN) patch. G-CSF-containing hyaluronic acid solutions were cast into the mold to obtain G-CSF microneedles (GMNs), which were coated with a temperature-sensitive layer of dodecanoic acid-cetylamine salt to obtain GTSMNs. The flexible heater was prepared by jet printing Ag nanoparticle inks. The GWS and its components are explored and optimized in the aspects of electronics, mechanics, heat transfer and drug diffusion. The γ radiation signal is sensitively monitored by the GWS. The wearable G-CSF system immediately releases G-CSF into the body in response to signal feedback and provides maximal protection against ionizing radiation-induced injury. Therefore, the GWS is a promising wearable system against emergent ionizing radiation injury. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Ionizing radiation-induced injury is always the very important public health problem all the global people care. Some medicines have been applied to protect the body from the injury. Unfortunately, sometimes the injuries accidently happen and the medicines cannot be administered in time, leading to serious acute radiation syndrome. Here, we design a wearable system loading G-CSF that has been approved by FDA to protect the body from ionizing radiation-induced injury. This system consists of a commercial microchip, a temperature sensor, a Gamma-ray detection sensor, a flexible heater, and a G-CSF temperature-sensitive microneedle patch. It can monitor γ radiation and immediately release G-CSF into the body to protect the body to the maximal extent. Therefore, the system is a promising wearable medical device against emergent ionizing radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaohui Liang
- Support Center for Scientific Research, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bochuan Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Minshu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Shen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Junwang Guo
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health Physics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Chen G, Han Y, Zhang H, Tu W, Zhang S. Radiotherapy-Induced Digestive Injury: Diagnosis, Treatment and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 11:757973. [PMID: 34804953 PMCID: PMC8604098 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.757973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapeutic methods for treating cancer. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder). The digestive system is easily impaired during radiotherapy, especially in thoracic and abdominal radiotherapy. In this review, we introduce the physical classification, basic pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, predictive/diagnostic factors, and possible treatment targets of radiotherapy-induced digestive injury. Radiotherapy-induced digestive injury complies with the dose-volume effect and has a radiation-based organ correlation. Computed tomography (CT), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ultrasound (US) and endoscopy can help diagnose and evaluate the radiation-induced lesion level. The latest treatment approaches include improvement in radiotherapy (such as shielding, hydrogel spacers and dose distribution), stem cell transplantation and drug administration. Gut microbiota modulation may become a novel approach to relieving radiogenic gastrointestinal syndrome. Finally, we summarized the possible mechanisms involved in treatment, but they remain varied. Radionuclide-labeled targeting molecules (RLTMs) are promising for more precise radiotherapy. These advances contribute to our understanding of the assessment and treatment of radiation-induced digestive injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenling Tu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China.,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Protective Effects of Crocetin against Radiation-Induced Injury in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2906053. [PMID: 32964024 PMCID: PMC7499320 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2906053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Treatment options for radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) are limited. Crocetin has been demonstrated to exert antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects on various diseases. Here, we investigate the effects of crocetin on RIII in vitro. Materials and Method. IEC-6 cells exposed to 10 Gy of radiation were treated with different doses of crocetin (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM), and cell viability was assessed by CCK-8. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in culture supernatants were measured using colorimetric and ELISA kits, respectively. Cellular apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V/PI double staining. Results Crocetin dose-dependently improved the survival of irradiated IEC-6 cells with the optimal dose of 10 μM, as indicated by the reduction of cellular apoptosis, decreased levels of MDA, MPO, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ), and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that crocetin alleviated radiation-induced injury in intestinal epithelial cells, offering a promising agent for radioprotection.
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Vasin MV, Ushakov IB. Potential Ways to Increase Body Resistance to Damaging Action of Ionizing Radiation with Radiomitigators. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079086419060082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Gheita HA, El-Sabbagh WA, Abdelsalam RM, Attia AS, El-Ghazaly MA. Promising role of filgrastim and α-tocopherol succinate in amelioration of gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1537-1550. [PMID: 31350581 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protective role of α-tocopherol succinate (α-TCS) and the therapeutic efficacy of filgrastim were investigated in gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) induced following 10 Gy whole-body γ-irradiation. Mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups: [1] normal-control, [2] irradiated-control, [3] subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of filgrastim (5 μg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days given 1 h post-irradiation, [4] s.c. injection with α-TCS (400 mg/kg) 1 day prior to irradiation, [5] s.c. injection with α-TCS (400 mg/kg) 1 day prior to irradiation and filgrastim (5 μg/kg/day) for 4 consecutive days 1 h post-irradiation. Histopathological analysis, serum citrulline level, intestinal interleukin-1β (IL-1β), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were measured. Intestinal caspase-3, p53, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunopositivity were examined. In irradiated-control, MDA increased (249%) and GSH decreased (25%) compared to normal and were unaffected by filgrastim. α-TCS alone significantly reduced MDA (84.5%) and normalized GSH. The combination significantly reduced MDA (59%) and dramatically increased GSH (1573%), pointing to a possible synergistic action. In irradiated-control, MPO and IL-1β significantly increased (111% and 613%, respectively) compared to normal-control and both were significantly decreased in all treated groups. Compared to normal-control, citrulline significantly declined (68%) in irradiated-control; a significant elevation was achieved by treatments with α-TCS alone or combined with filgrastim (88% and 94%, respectively). The combination therapy significantly decreased the degree of irradiation-induced injury of the epithelium and cellular infiltration and showed the lowest histopathological scoring compared to the other groups (p ≤ 0.05). In irradiated-control, immune-reactive expressions of iNOS, COX-2, caspase-3, and p53 were remarkable (18.62%, 34.27%, 31.19%, and 27.44%, respectively) and after combination therapy were reduced (1.04%, 22.39%, 8.76%, and 4.91%, respectively). The current findings represent a first-hand strategy in dealing with GI-ARS with a potential preference to using a combined therapy of filgrastim and α-TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Gheita
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Walaa A El-Sabbagh
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina S Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Cairo, Egypt
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Legesse B, Kaur A, Kenchegowda D, Hritzo B, Culp WE, Moroni M. Neulasta Regimen for the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome: Effects Beyond Neutrophil Recovery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018; 103:935-944. [PMID: 30496878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the physiopathology underlying the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the mechanism of action of drugs known to ameliorate ARS is expected to help identify novel countermeasure candidates and improve the outcome for victims exposed to radiation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of hematopoietic ARS (H-ARS) because of its ability to alleviate myelosuppression. Besides its role in hematopoiesis, G-CSF is known to protect the cardiovascular and neurologic systems, to attenuate vascular injury and cardiac toxicity, to preserve gap junction function, and to modulate inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we characterized the protective effects of G-CSF beyond neutrophil recovery in minipigs exposed to H-ARS doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty male Göttingen minipigs were exposed to total body, acute ionizing radiation. Animals received either pegylated G-CSF (Neulasta) or dextrose at days 1 and 8 after irradiation. Survival was monitored over a 45-day period. RESULTS Neulasta decreased mortality compared with the control, reduced nadir and duration of neutropenia, and lowered prevalence of organ hemorrhage and frank bleeding episodes. Neulasta also increased plasma concentration of IGF-1 hormone, activated the cardiovascular protective IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO pathway, and enhanced membrane expression of VE-cadherin in the heart, improving vascular tone and barrier function. Expression of the acute phase protein CRP, a mediator of cardiovascular diseases and a negative regulator of the IGF-1 pathway, was also induced but at much lower extent compared with IGF-1. Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) was only marginally affected, whereas activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase was downregulated. CONCLUSIONS In addition to a neutrophilic effect, amelioration of endothelial homeostasis and barrier function and reduction in NADPH oxidase contribute to the beneficial effects of Neulasta for the treatment of H-ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betre Legesse
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William E Culp
- Biomedical Instrumentation Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Moroni
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Cebpd Is Essential for Gamma-Tocotrienol Mediated Protection against Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic and Intestinal Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040055. [PMID: 29642403 PMCID: PMC5946121 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) confers protection against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced injury. However, the molecular targets that underlie the protective functions of GT3 are not yet known. We have reported that mice lacking CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta (Cebpd−/−) display increased mortality to IR due to injury to the hematopoietic and intestinal tissues and that Cebpd protects from IR-induced oxidative stress and cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Cebpd mediates the radio protective functions of GT3. We found that GT3-treated Cebpd−/− mice showed partial recovery of white blood cells compared to GT3-treated Cebpd+/+ mice at 2 weeks post-IR. GT3-treated Cebpd−/− mice showed an increased loss of intestinal crypt colonies, which correlated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, increased levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) after exposure to IR compared to GT3-treated Cebpd+/+ mice. Cebpd is induced by IR as well as a combination of IR and GT3 in the intestine. Studies have shown that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), mediates the radioprotective functions of GT3. Interestingly, we found that IR alone as well as the combination of IR and GT3 caused robust augmentation of plasma G-CSF in both Cebpd+/+ and Cebpd−/− mice. These results identify a novel role for Cebpd in GT3-mediated protection against IR-induced injury, in part via modulation of IR-induced inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress, which is independent of G-CSF.
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Silibinin attenuates radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis and reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69386-69397. [PMID: 29050211 PMCID: PMC5642486 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a common treatment for cancer patients, but its use is often restricted by the tolerance of normal tissue. As cancer patients live longer, delayed radiation effects on normal tissue have become a concern. Radiation-induced enteropathy, including inflammatory bowel disease and fibrosis, are major issues for long-term cancer survivors. To investigate whether silibinin attenuates delayed radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice, we focused on intestinal fibrotic changes. Silibinin improved delayed radiation injuries in mice in association with decreased collagen deposition within the intestines and deceased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels in the intestine and plasma. Treating mice bearing CT26 mouse colon cancer tumors with both silibinin and radiation stimulated tumor regression more than radiation alone. We also investigated the effect of silibinin on the radiation-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the primary mechanism of fibrosis. We assessed changes in E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression, and demonstrated that silibinin attenuates radiation-induced EMT. Irradiating intestinal epithelial cells increased TGF-β1 levels, but silibinin suppressed TGF-β1 expression by inhibiting Smad2/3 phosphorylation. These results suggest silibinin has the potential to serve as a useful therapeutic agent in patients with radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis.
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Kim J, Park S, Jeon BS, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Son Y, Rhim KJ, Lee SI, Lee SS. Therapeutic effect of topical application of curcumin during treatment of radiation burns in a mini-pig model. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:435-444. [PMID: 27030193 PMCID: PMC5204020 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.4.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin protects the skin against radiation-induced epidermal damage and prevents morphological changes induced by irradiation skin, thereby maintaining the epidermal thickness and cell density of basal layers. In this study, the effects of topical curcumin treatment on radiation burns were evaluated in a mini-pig model. Histological and clinical changes were observed five weeks after radiation exposure to the back (60Co gamma-radiation, 50 Gy). Curcumin was applied topically to irradiated skin (200 mg/cm2) twice a day for 35 days. Curcumin application decreased the epithelial desquamation after irradiation. Additionally, when compared to the vehicle-treated group, the curcumin-treated group showed reduced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Furthermore, irradiation prolonged healing of biopsy wounds in the exposed area, whereas curcumin treatment stimulated wound healing. These results suggest that curcumin can improve epithelial cell survival and recovery in the skin and therefore be used to treat radiation burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongsun Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea.,Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Byung-Suk Jeon
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Won-Seok Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 46033, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Rhim
- Department of Dermatology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
| | - Soong In Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine, Dongshin Univiersity, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Korea
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Zheng K, Wu W, Yang S, Huang L, Chen J, Gong C, Fu Z, Lin R, Tan J. Treatment of radiation-induced acute intestinal injury with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:2425-2431. [PMID: 27284330 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to repair radiation-induced acute intestinal injury, and to elucidate the underlying repair mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to whole abdominal irradiation using a single medical linear accelerator (12 Gy) and randomly assigned to two groups. Rats in the BMSC-treated group were injected with 1 ml BMSC suspension (2×106 cells/ml) via the tail vein, while the control group rats were injected with normal saline. BMSCs were identified by detecting the expression of CD29, CD90, CD34 and CD45 using flow cytometry. The expression of the cytokines stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin (IL)-2 was detected using immunohistochemical techniques. Plasma citrulline concentrations were evaluated using an ELISA kit. Rat general conditions, including body weight, and changes in cellular morphology were also recorded. The results suggested that BMSCs exerted a protective effect on radiation-induced acute intestinal injury in rats. The histological damage was rapidly repaired in the BMSC-treated group. In addition, the BMSC-treated group showed significantly reduced radiation injury scores (P<0.01), mildly reduced body weight and plasma citrulline levels, significantly more rapid recovery (P<0.01), significantly reduced expression of the cytokines PGE2 and IL-2 (P<0.05) and significantly increased SDF-1 expression (P<0.01) compared with the control group. In summary, the present results indicate that BMSCs are able to effectively reduce inflammation and promote repair of the structure and function of intestinal tissues damaged by radiation exposure, suggesting that they may provide a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Shunliang Yang
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Lianghu Huang
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Chungui Gong
- Radiotherapy Centre, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- Radiotherapy Centre, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Ruofei Lin
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Tan
- Cell and Organ Transplant Institute, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Yu J, Ordiz MI, Stauber J, Shaikh N, Trehan I, Barnell E, Head RD, Maleta K, Tarr PI, Manary MJ. Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Includes a Broad Spectrum of Inflammatory Responses and Epithelial Repair Processes. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 2:158-174.e1. [PMID: 26973864 PMCID: PMC4769221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a chronic diffuse inflammation of the small intestine, is associated with stunting in children in the developing world. The pathobiology of EED is poorly understood because of the lack of a method to elucidate the host response. This study tested a novel microarray method to overcome limitation of RNA sequencing to interrogate the host transcriptome in feces in Malawian children with EED. METHODS In 259 children, EED was measured by lactulose permeability (%L). After isolating low copy numbers of host messenger RNA, the transcriptome was reliably and reproducibly profiled, validated by polymerase chain reaction. Messenger RNA copy number then was correlated with %L and differential expression in EED. The transcripts identified were mapped to biological pathways and processes. The children studied had a range of %L values, consistent with a spectrum of EED from none to severe. RESULTS We identified 12 transcripts associated with the severity of EED, including chemokines that stimulate T-cell proliferation, Fc fragments of multiple immunoglobulin families, interferon-induced proteins, activators of neutrophils and B cells, and mediators that dampen cellular responses to hormones. EED-associated transcripts mapped to pathways related to cell adhesion, and responses to a broad spectrum of viral, bacterial, and parasitic microbes. Several mucins, regulatory factors, and protein kinases associated with the maintenance of the mucous layer were expressed less in children with EED than in normal children. CONCLUSIONS EED represents the activation of diverse elements of the immune system and is associated with widespread intestinal barrier disruption. Differentially expressed transcripts, appropriately enumerated, should be explored as potential biomarkers.
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Key Words
- %L, lactulose permeability
- EED, environmental enteric dysfunction
- Environmental Enteropathy
- FARMS, factor analyses for robust microarray summarization
- Fecal Transcriptome
- G-CSF, granulocyte colony–stimulating factor
- HAZ, height-for-age z score
- IRON, iterative rank order normalization
- Intestinal Inflammation
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- RMA, robust multi-array average
- Stunting
- dHAZ, change in height-for-age z score
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M. Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jennifer Stauber
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Indi Trehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Erica Barnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard D. Head
- Genome Technology Access Center, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ken Maleta
- Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi,Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Mark J. Manary, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, One Children's Place, St. Louis Children's Hospital St. Louis, Missouri 63110. fax: (314) 454-4345.Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouri 63110
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Kim JS, Son Y, Bae MJ, Lee M, Lee CG, Jo WS, Kim SD, Yang K. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with radiotherapy promotes tumor growth by stimulating vascularization in tumor-bearing mice. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:147-54. [PMID: 25976379 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is commonly used to support recovery from radiation-induced side-effects, the precise effects of G-CSF on colon cancer under radiotherapy remain poorly understood. In the present study, to investigate the effects of tumor growth following radiotherapy and G-CSF administration in a murine xenograft model of colon cancer, female BALB/c mice were injected with cells of a colon carcinoma cell line (CT26) with irradiation and G-CSF, alone or in combination. Mice received 2 Gy of focal radiation daily for 5 days and intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF (100 µg/kg/day) after irradiation for 7 days. Changes in the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase type 9 (MMP-9) and CD31 were assessed in the mouse cancer induced by injection of colon cancer cells. We observed that G-CSF increased the number of circulating neutrophils, but facilitated tumor growth. However, G-CSF treatment did not affect radiation-induced cytotoxicity and cell viability in CT26 cells in vitro. Increased levels of myeloperoxidase, a neutrophil marker and those of vascular endothelial growth factor were observed in tumors with G-CSF supplementation. In addition, we found that increased levels of CD31 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were correlated with the enhanced tumor growth after G-CSF treatment. Therefore, these data suggest that G-CSF may contribute to tumor growth and decrease the antitumor effect of radiotherapy, possibly by promoting vascularization in cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghoon Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Wol Soon Jo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan 619-953, Republic of Korea
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15
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Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor aggravates thrombocytopenia in irradiated mice. Mol Cell Toxicol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-014-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Kim JS, Jang WS, Lee S, Son Y, Park S, Lee SS. A study of the effect of sequential injection of 5-androstenediol on irradiation-induced myelosuppression in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 38:1213-22. [PMID: 25234002 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we aimed at examining the therapeutic effects of 5-androstenediol (5-AED), a natural hormone produced in the adrenal cortex, on radiation-induced myelosuppression in C3H/HeN mice. The mice were subjected to whole-body irradiation with a sublethal dose of 5 Gy gamma-irradiation to induce severe myelosuppression, and 5-AED (50 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously. 5-AED was administrated 1 day before irradiation (pre-treatment) or twice weekly for 3 weeks starting from 1 h after irradiation (post-treatment). Treatment with 5-AED significantly ameliorated the decrease in the peripheral blood neutrophil and platelet populations in irradiated myelosuppressive mice, but had no effect on the lymphocyte population. It also ameliorated hypocellularity and disruption of bone marrow induced by irradiation and led to rapid recovery of myeloid cells. Further, it attenuated the decrease in spleen weight and megakaryocyte and myeloid cell populations in the spleen and promoted multilineage hematopoietic recovery. We found that a single injection of 5-AED produced only a temporary therapeutic effect, while sequential injection of 5-AED after irradiation had a more pronounced and prolonged therapeutic effect and reduced myelosuppression by irradiation. Thus, sequential injection of 5-AED after irradiation has therapeutic potential for radiation-induced myelosuppression when administered continuously and can be a significant therapeutic candidate for the management of acute radiation syndrome, particularly in a mass casualty scenario where rapid and economic intervention is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Sun Kim
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), 267-2 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Busan, 619-953, Korea,
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Hofer M, Pospíšil M, Komůrková D, Hoferová Z. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of acute radiation syndrome: a concise review. Molecules 2014; 19:4770-8. [PMID: 24743934 PMCID: PMC6270858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article concisely summarizes data on the action of one of the principal and best known growth factors, the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), in a mammalian organism exposed to radiation doses inducing acute radiation syndrome. Highlighted are the topics of its real or anticipated use in radiation accident victims, the timing of its administration, the possibilities of combining G-CSF with other drugs, the ability of other agents to stimulate endogenous G-CSF production, as well as of the capability of this growth factor to ameliorate not only the bone marrow radiation syndrome but also the gastrointestinal radiation syndrome. G-CSF is one of the pivotal drugs in the treatment of radiation accident victims and its employment in this indication can be expected to remain or even grow in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hofer
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Pospíšil
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Denisa Komůrková
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Hoferová
- Department of Molecular Cytology and Cytometry, Institute of Biophysics, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno CZ-612 65, Czech Republic.
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