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Cho HM, Park EJ, Park YJ, Ponce-Zea J, Mai VH, Doan TP, Ryu B, Chin YW, Oh WK. Sesquiterpene lactone and its unique proaporphine hybrids from Magnolia grandiflora L. and their anti-inflammatory activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 200:113211. [PMID: 35490776 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two undescribed sesquiterpene lactone-proaporphine hybrid skeletons, two undescribed sesquiterpenes, and four known compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Magnolia grandiflora L. The structures of isolated compounds were unambiguously determined based on the interpretation of a combination of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, DP4+ probability calculation of carbon data, X-ray crystallographic analyses, and ECD calculation. The isolated compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide production and the protein expression of COX-2 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Moon Cho
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Park
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Ponce-Zea
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hieu Mai
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Phuong Doan
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Ryu
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Won Chin
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Structural Honokiol Analogs with a 4'- O-(2-Fluoroethyl) Moiety and the Potential of Their 18F-Labeled Derivatives for Neuroinflammation Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216630. [PMID: 34771039 PMCID: PMC8587714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolignans honokiol and 4′-O-methylhonokiol (MH) and their derivatives have pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by numerous pharmacological studies. Literature data suggested that cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) may be a target for these compounds in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies of [11C]MPbP (4′-[11C]methoxy-5-propyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2-ol) biodistribution in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated rats have confirmed the high potential of MH derivatives for imaging neuroinflammation. Here, we report the synthesis of four structural analogs of honokiol, of which 4′-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2-hydroxy-5-propyl-1, 1′-biphenyl (F-IV) was selected for labeling with fluorine-18 (T1/2 = 109.8 min) due to its high anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and neuromorphological studies. The high inhibitory potency of F-IV to COX-2 and its moderate lipophilicity and chemical stability are favorable factors for the preliminary evaluation of the radioligand [18F]F-IV in a rodent model of neuroinflammation. [18F]F-IV was prepared with good radiochemical yield and high molar activity and radiochemical purity by 18F-fluoroethylation of the precursor with Boc-protecting group (15) with [18F]2-fluoro-1-bromoethane ([18F]FEB). Ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed a small to moderate increase in radioligand uptake in the brain and peripheral organs of LPS-induced rats compared to control animals. Pretreatment with celecoxib resulted in significant blocking of radioactivity uptake in the brain (pons and medulla), heart, lungs, and kidneys, indicating that [18F]F-IV is likely to specifically bind to COX-2 in a rat model of neuroinflammation. However, in comparison with [11C]MPbP, the new radioligand showed decreased brain uptake in LPS rats and high retention in the blood pool, which apparently could be explained by its high plasma protein binding. We believe that the structure of [18F]F-IV can be optimized by replacing the substituents in the biphenyl core to eliminate these disadvantages and develop new radioligands for imaging activated microglia.
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Zhou W, Hu M, Hu J, Du Z, Su Q, Xiang Z. Luteolin Suppresses Microglia Neuroinflammatory Responses and Relieves Inflammation-Induced Cognitive Impairments. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1800-1811. [PMID: 34655374 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in response to injurious self and non-self-stimuli exerts detrimental effects on neurons, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Luteolin, a typical kind of natural flavonoid in honeysuckle, chrysanthemum, and Herba Schizonepetae, is widely recognized to be anti-inflammatory and antioxidant against peripheral inflammation. However, its protective effect against inflammation-induced cognitive impairment is currently unknown. In this paper, we investigated the relief potential of luteolin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation and its possible anti-inflammatory mechanisms in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. In this study, luteolin ameliorated LPS-induced cognitive impairments, indicated by behavioral performance of neuroinflammatory model mice in Morris water maze tests. Protein analyses and histological examination also revealed protective effect of luteolin against neuronal damage, through inhibiting overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in both hippocampus and cortex of mice. We also observed luteolin in vitro significantly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), and inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide. Taken together, these results demonstrated luteolin was effective in alleviating cognitive impairment and limited neuronal damage via inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators, suggesting luteolin is potential for further therapeutic research of neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jingrong Hu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qing Su
- School of Computers, Guangdong University of Technology, 100 Waihuanxi Road, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhangmin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals, Guangdong Institute of Analysis, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
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Sivak KV, Stosman KI, Muzhikyan AA, Alexandrov AG, Viktorov NB, Vaulina DD, Gomzina NA. Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Activity of 4'-О-Methylhonokiol Derivatives in a Neuroinflammation Model. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kheiri G, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:9-30. [PMID: 29804103 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Kheiri
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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Singha SK, Muhammad I, Ibrahim MA, Wang M, Ashpole NM, Shariat-Madar Z. 4- O-Methylhonokiol Influences Normal Cardiovascular Development in Medaka Embryo. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030475. [PMID: 30699965 PMCID: PMC6384692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 4-O-Methylhonokiol (MH) effects on neuronal and immune cells have been established, it is still unclear whether MH can cause a change in the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. The overarching goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of MH, isolated from Magnolia grandiflora, on the development of the heart and vasculature in a Japanese medaka model in vivo to predict human health risks. We analyzed the toxicity of MH in different life-stages of medaka embryos. MH uptake into medaka embryos was quantified. The LC50 of two different exposure windows (stages 9–36 (0–6 days post fertilization (dpf)) and 25–36 (2–6 dpf)) were 5.3 ± 0.1 μM and 9.9 ± 0.2 μM. Survival, deformities, days to hatch, and larval locomotor response were quantified. Wnt 1 was overexpressed in MH-treated embryos indicating deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, which was associated with spinal and cardiac ventricle deformities. Overexpression of major proinflammatory mediators and biomarkers of the heart were detected. Our results indicated that the differential sensitivity of MH in the embryos was developmental stage-specific. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that certain molecules can serve as promising markers at the transcriptional and phenotypical levels, responding to absorption of MH in the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santu K Singha
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Ilias Muhammad
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mohamed Ali Ibrahim
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mei Wang
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Zia Shariat-Madar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- The National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Light Microscopy Core, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Patsenker E, Chicca A, Petrucci V, Moghadamrad S, de Gottardi A, Hampe J, Gertsch J, Semmo N, Stickel F. 4-O'-methylhonokiol protects from alcohol/carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:1077-1089. [PMID: 28689299 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and related mortality. The endocannabinoid system contributes to the development of chronic liver diseases, where cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) has been shown to have a protecting role. Thus, here, we investigated how CB2 agonism by 4'-O-methylhonokiol (MHK), a biphenyl from Magnolia grandiflora, affects chronic alcohol-induced liver fibrosis and damage in mice. A combination of alcohol (10% vol/vol) and CCl4 (1 ml/kg) was applied to C57BL/6 mice for 5 weeks. MHK (5 mg/kg) was administered daily, and liver damage assessed by serum AST and ALT levels, histology, gene, and protein expression. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and related lipid derivatives were measured by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in liver tissues. In vitro, MHK was studied in TGFβ1-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). MHK treatment alleviated hepatic fibrosis, paralleled by induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -3, -9, and -13, and downregulation of CB1 mRNA. Necrotic lesions and hepatic inflammation were moderately improved, while IL-10 mRNA increased and IFNγ, Mcl-1, JNK1, and RIPK1 normalized by MHK. Hepatic anandamide (AEA) and related N-acetylethanolamines (NAEs) were elevated in MHK group, whereas fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 expression reduced. In vitro, MHK prevented HSC activation and induced apoptosis via induction of bak1 and bcl-2. To conclude, MHK revealed hepatoprotective effects during alcohol-induced liver damage through the induction of MMPs, AEA, and NAEs and prevention of HSC activation, indicating MHK as a potent therapeutic for liver fibrosis and ALD. KEY MESSAGES Methylhonokiol improves liver damage and survival. Methylhonokiol reduces hepatic fibrosis and necroinflammation. Methylhonokiol prevents myofibroblast activation and induces apoptosis. Methylhonokiol upregulates endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines. Methylhonokiol contributes to lipid hydrolysis via PPARα/γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Patsenker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Sternwartstr. 14, 8097, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Petrucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sheida Moghadamrad
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea de Gottardi
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Department of Clinical Research, Department of Hepatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department of Hepatology, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Sternwartstr. 14, 8097, Zurich, Switzerland
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Siqueira IM, de Castro RJA, Leonhardt LCDM, Jerônimo MS, Soares AC, Raiol T, Nishibe C, Almeida N, Tavares AH, Hoffmann C, Bocca AL. Modulation of the immune response by Fonsecaea pedrosoi morphotypes in the course of experimental chromoblastomycosis and their role on inflammatory response chronicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005461. [PMID: 28355277 PMCID: PMC5391973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A common theme across multiple fungal pathogens is their ability to impair the establishment of a protective immune response. Although early inflammation is beneficial in containing the infection, an uncontrolled inflammatory response is detrimental and may eventually oppose disease eradication. Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis, caused by dematiaceous fungi, is capable of inducing a chronic inflammatory response. Muriform cells, the parasitic form of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, are highly prevalent in infected tissues, especially in long-standing lesions. In this study we show that hyphae and muriform cells are able to establish a murine CBM with skin lesions and histopathological aspects similar to that found in humans, with muriform cells being the most persistent fungal form, whereas mice infected with conidia do not reach the chronic phase of the disease. Moreover, in injured tissue the presence of hyphae and especially muriform cells, but not conidia, is correlated with intense production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. High-throughput RNA sequencing analysis (RNA-Seq) performed at early time points showed a strong up-regulation of genes related to fungal recognition, cell migration, inflammation, apoptosis and phagocytosis in macrophages exposed in vitro to muriform cells, but not conidia. We also demonstrate that only muriform cells required FcγR and Dectin-1 recognition to be internalized in vitro, and this is the main fungal form responsible for the intense inflammatory pattern observed in CBM, clarifying the chronic inflammatory reaction observed in most patients. Furthermore, our findings reveal two different fungal-host interaction strategies according to fungal morphotype, highlighting fungal dimorphism as an important key in understanding the bipolar nature of inflammatory response in fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaque Medeiros Siqueira
- Molecular Pathology Post-Graduate Program, School of Medicine; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Sousa Jerônimo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Tainá Raiol
- Institute Leônidas and Maria Deane, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Christiane Nishibe
- School of Computing Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Nalvo Almeida
- School of Computing Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Aldo Henrique Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anamelia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences; University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Chicca A, Gachet MS, Petrucci V, Schuehly W, Charles RP, Gertsch J. 4'-O-methylhonokiol increases levels of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in mouse brain via selective inhibition of its COX-2-mediated oxygenation. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:89. [PMID: 25962384 PMCID: PMC4490613 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 4'-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is a natural product showing anti-inflammatory, anti-osteoclastogenic, and neuroprotective effects. MH was reported to modulate cannabinoid CB2 receptors as an inverse agonist for cAMP production and an agonist for intracellular [Ca2+]. It was recently shown that MH inhibits cAMP formation via CB2 receptors. In this study, the exact modulation of MH on CB2 receptor activity was elucidated and its endocannabinoid substrate-specific inhibition (SSI) of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and CNS bioavailability are described for the first time. METHODS CB2 receptor modulation ([35S]GTPγS, cAMP, and β-arrestin) by MH was measured in hCB2-transfected CHO-K1 cells and native conditions (HL60 cells and mouse spleen). The COX-2 SSI was investigated in RAW264.7 cells and in Swiss albino mice by targeted metabolomics using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS MH is a CB2 receptor agonist and a potent COX-2 SSI. It induced partial agonism in both the [35S]GTPγS binding and β-arrestin recruitment assays while being a full agonist in the cAMP pathway. MH selectively inhibited PGE2 glycerol ester formation (over PGE2) in RAW264.7 cells and significantly increased the levels of 2-AG in mouse brain in a dose-dependent manner (3 to 20 mg kg(-1)) without affecting other metabolites. After 7 h from intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, MH was quantified in significant amounts in the brain (corresponding to 200 to 300 nM). CONCLUSIONS LC-MS/MS quantification shows that MH is bioavailable to the brain and under condition of inflammation exerts significant indirect effects on 2-AG levels. The biphenyl scaffold might serve as valuable source of dual CB2 receptor modulators and COX-2 SSIs as demonstrated by additional MH analogs that show similar effects. The combination of CB2 agonism and COX-2 SSI offers a yet unexplored polypharmacology with expected synergistic effects in neuroinflammatory diseases, thus providing a rationale for the diverse neuroprotective effects reported for MH in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Salomé Gachet
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vanessa Petrucci
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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