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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Kucharska E, Zajdel R. The Modulation of Melanogenesis in B16 Cells Upon Treatment with Plant Extracts and Isolated Plant Compounds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144360. [PMID: 35889231 PMCID: PMC9324663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are a rich source of secondary metabolites that exhibit numerous desired properties. The compounds may influence the biology of melanocytes, pigment cells that produce melanin, by modulating numerous signaling pathways, including cAMP/PKA, MAPKs and PI3K/AKT. Its downstream target is microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, responsible for the expression of the tyrosinase enzyme, which plays a major role in melanogenesis. Therefore, this literature review aims to provide insights related to melanogenesis modulation mechanisms of plant extracts and isolated plant compounds in B16 cells. Database searches were conducted using online-based library search instruments from 2012 to 2022, such as NCBI-PubMed and Google Scholar. Upregulation or downregulation of signaling pathways by phytochemicals can influence skin hypo- and hyperpigmentation by changing the level of melanin production, which may pose a significant cosmetic issue. Therefore, plant extracts or isolated plant compounds may be used in the therapy of pigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharska
- Chair of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Social Work at the Faculty of Pedagogy, Ignatianum Academy in Cracow, 31-501 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
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Huh J, Park TK, Chae HS, Nhoek P, Kim YM, An CY, Lee S, Kim J, Chin YW. Acylated saponins and flavonoid glycosides from the fruits of Stewartia koreana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:112980. [PMID: 34653909 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three acylated saponins and three flavonoid glycosides, along with nine known flavonoids, were isolated from the fruits of Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder (Theaceae) using relative mass defect filtering analysis. The structures of these compounds were determined by performing spectroscopic analyses and using chemical methods. Furthermore, all the isolates were evaluated for their effects on the mRNA expression of the genes for proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) as well as their inhibitory activities on PCSK9 and LDLR binding. None of the isolates was deemed to be active in PCSK9-LDLR binding inhibition. However, (+)-catechin was found to inhibit PCSK9 expression and increase LDLR expression, suggesting the potential of (+)-catechin to lower cholesterol level via the downregulation of PCSK9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmoo Huh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Rathee P, Kumar S, Kumar D, Kumari B, Yadav SS. Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing number of patients, those who are facing a lot of skin-related complaints, often referred to as skin of pigmentation patients, are on the rise. Among all the most common complaints in patients with skin of color is hyperpigmentation. So, there is need of herbal formulation for treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Main body
This review article addresses the different types of hyperpigmentation, causes, and its treatment with herbs for the management of the skin hyperpigmentation. As uneven pigmentation of skin or hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition, which occurs when the skin produces more melanin. This can make spots or patches of skin appear darker than surrounding areas. Some forms of hyperpigmentation with post-inflammatory, melasma, and sun spots are more likely to affect areas of face, arms, and legs due to sun exposure and injury. Although the availability of multiple treatments for the condition which leads to some adverse effects, hyperpigmentation continues to present skin care management challenges for dermatologists.
Conclusion
Some plants and phytoconstituents, e.g., Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng and genistein, ellagic acids, quercetin, are very useful in herbal cosmetic as anti-hyperpigmentry agents in cosmetic industries. Some of flavonoids and triterpenoids present in plants also show their effect as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. It is expected that this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of herbs for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
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Wan J, Zang Y, Xiao DA, Li N, Li J, Jin ZX, Chen DL, Xiong J, Li J, Hu JF. Stewartiacids A-N, C-23 carboxylated triterpenoids from Chinese Stewartia and their inhibitory effects against ATP-citrate lyase and NF-κB. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3343-3356. [PMID: 35497717 PMCID: PMC9048753 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09542j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fourteen previously undescribed naturally occurring C-23 carboxylated triterpenoids, stewartiacids A-N (1-14), were isolated and characterized from the twigs and leaves of the ornamental and medicinal plant Stewartia sinensis (Chinese Stewartia), a 'vulnerable' species endemic to China. The new structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Stewartiacids A (1) and B (2) are isoursenol derivatives. Stewartiacid C (3) is a 12-oxo-γ-amyrin analogue. Both isoursenol and γ-amyrin derivatives are quite rare in nature. Stewartiacids D (4) and E (5) are 13,27-cycloursane-type compounds. Stewartiacids K (11) and L (12) are ursane-type triterpene and phenylpropanol adducts built through a 1,4-dioxane ring, which are also seldom reported in the literature. The rest are common C-23 carboxylated ursane-type (6-10) and oleanane-type (13, 14) pentacyclic triterpenoids. Stewartiacids G (7), K (11), and L (12) showed moderate inhibitory effects against ATP-citrate lyase (ACL), with IC50 values of 12.5, 2.8, and 10.6 μM, respectively. Stewartiacid K (11) also exhibited moderate inhibition (IC50: 16.8 μM) of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wan
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 PR China +86-21-51980172 +86-21-51980172
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Dao-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineer, Yichun University Yichun 336000 PR China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang PR China
| | - Junmin Li
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang PR China
| | - Ze-Xin Jin
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang PR China
| | - De-Lei Chen
- School of Life Science, Hefei Normal University Hefei 230601 PR China
| | - Juan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 PR China +86-21-51980172 +86-21-51980172
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Institute of Natural Medicine and Health Products, School of Advanced Study, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University Taizhou 318000 Zhejiang PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University No. 826 Zhangheng Road Shanghai 201203 PR China +86-21-51980172 +86-21-51980172
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Antityrosinase, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities of Phytochemical Constituents from Manilkara zapota L. Bark. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152798. [PMID: 31370334 PMCID: PMC6696208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is considered by many to be a beauty problem and is responsible for photoaging. To treat this skin condition, medicinal cosmetics containing tyrosinase inhibitors are used, resulting in skin whitening. In this study, taraxerol methyl ether (1), spinasterol (2), 6-hydroxyflavanone (3), (+)-dihydrokaempferol (4), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (5), taraxerol (6), taraxerone (7), and lupeol acetate (8) were isolated from Manilkara zapota bark. Their chemical structures were elucidated by analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) data, and by comparing them with data found in the literature. The in vitro antityrosinase, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds (1-8) were evaluated. (+)-Dihydrokaempferol (4) exhibited higher monophenolase inhibitory activity than both kojic acid and α-arbutin. However, it showed diphenolase inhibitory activity similar to kojic acid. (+)-Dihydrokaempferol (4) was a competitive inhibitor of both monophenolase and diphenolase activities. It exhibited the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activities of the isolated compounds. Furthermore, (+)-dihydrokaempferol (4) also demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in breast carcinoma cell line (BT474), lung bronchus carcinoma cell line (Chago-K1), liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2), gastric carcinoma cell line (KATO-III), and colon carcinoma cell line (SW620). These results suggest that M. zapota bark might be a good potential source of antioxidants and tyrosinase inhibitors for applications in cosmeceutical products.
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Seong ZK, Lee SY, Poudel A, Oh SR, Lee HK. Constituents of Cryptotaenia japonica Inhibit Melanogenesis via CREB- and MAPK-Associated Signaling Pathways in Murine B16 Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101296. [PMID: 27689982 PMCID: PMC6273111 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin plays an important role in protecting the skin against ultraviolet light and is responsible for skin color. However, overproduction of melanin is related to several skin disorders, such as age spots, freckles, café au lait spots, Becker’s nevus and other hyperpigmentation syndromes. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of kaempferol-7-O-β-d-glucuronide (K7G) and tilianin, isolated from Cryptotaenia japonica, on melanogenesis and their mechanisms of action in murine B16 melanoma cells. The α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin production was significantly inhibited by K7G and tilianin in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of these compounds on the signaling pathway of melanogenesis were examined. K7G and tilianin downregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and melanocyte-specific enzymes, i.e., tyrosinase and TRP1. These compounds also inhibited the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB) in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, these compounds increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) but decreased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in B16 cells. Based on the above results, the anti-melanogenic effects of these compounds are caused by suppression of the MAPK signaling pathway through the down-regulation of α-MSH-induced CREB accumulation. This finding suggests that K7G and tilianin may be good candidates for further research to develop therapeutic agents for hyperpigmentation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuh-Kyung Seong
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yeongudanji-ro 30, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea.
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-roYuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Sung-Yoon Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yeongudanji-ro 30, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea.
| | - Amrit Poudel
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yeongudanji-ro 30, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea.
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yeongudanji-ro 30, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea.
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-roYuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Hyeong-Kyu Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Yeongudanji-ro 30, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si 28116, Korea.
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology, 217 Gajeong-roYuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
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