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Mu X, Ji C, Wang Q, Liu K, Hao X, Zhang G, Shi X, Zhang Y, Gonzalez FJ, Wang Q, Wang Y. Non-targeted metabolomics reveals diagnostic biomarker in the tongue coating of patients with chronic gastritis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:541-551. [PMID: 31255854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the properties of the tongue has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for disease diagnosis. Notably, tongue analysis, which is non-invasive and convenient compared with gastroscopy and pathological examination, can be used to assess chronic gastritis (CG). In order to find potential diagnostic biomarkers and study the metabolic mechanisms of the endogenous small molecules in the tongue coating related to CG, a non-targeted metabolomic analysis method was developed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS). It was performed using two different columns in positive and negative ion scanning modes separately. The stability of the samples was evaluated and the age and gender factors of the subjects were excluded to ensure the reliability of the data in this study. Finally, under the four analysis models, 130, 229, 113 and 92 differential compounds were found using multivariate statistical methods respectively. 37 potential biomarkers were putatively identified after removing the duplicate compounds and five potential diagnostic biomarkers were putatively identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including inosine, oleamide, adenosine, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and xanthine. The main metabolic pathways associated with CG were purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and energy metabolism, which suggested that oxygen free radicals and energy metabolism were altered in patients with CG. These results provided a potential new basis for the quantitative diagnosis and pathogenesis of CG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Chuanyuan Ji
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Yangang Wang
- Hebei Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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