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Yao R, Xie C, Xia X. Recent progress in mRNA cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2307187. [PMID: 38282471 PMCID: PMC10826636 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2307187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The research and development of messenger RNA (mRNA) cancer vaccines have gradually overcome numerous challenges through the application of personalized cancer antigens, structural optimization of mRNA, and the development of alternative RNA-based vectors and efficient targeted delivery vectors. Clinical trials are currently underway for various cancer vaccines that encode tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), or immunomodulators. In this paper, we summarize the optimization of mRNA and the emergence of RNA-based expression vectors in cancer vaccines. We begin by reviewing the advancement and utilization of state-of-the-art targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), followed by presenting the primary classifications and clinical applications of mRNA cancer vaccines. Collectively, mRNA vaccines are emerging as a central focus in cancer immunotherapy, offering the potential to address multiple challenges in cancer treatment, either as standalone therapies or in combination with current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Wang G, Zou X, Weng J, Lan G, Li M, Wei J, Nong W, Chen Q, Miao W, Luo H, Qu S. Bibliometric analysis reveals the research hotspots and trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2360341. [PMID: 39034441 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2360341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising strategy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive and objective overview of the current research status and trends of immunotherapy-related fields in NPC. We performed a bibliometric analysis of 513 original articles and reviews in English on immunotherapy for NPC from the Web of Science Core Collection database, using CiteSpace and Bibliometrix software tools. We visualized the development trend of publications, the distribution of countries/regions, the co-occurrence of keywords, the collaboration and citation of authors, the citation of journals, the evolution of topics, and the thematic map. We found that the publication volume increased sharply after 2017, with China as the main contributor and leader, the US as an important partner, and the Netherlands as a potential innovator. The research focused on immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy, which were also the hotspots of clinical trials. Tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, multicenter studies, and novel immunotherapy were the frontier topics and the key challenges for future research. CD137l-DC, lymphoma, and chimeric antigen receptor were emerging topics with good prospects. Our study provides a valuable insight into the research status and trends of immunotherapy for NPC, which may guide future research directions and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaosu Zou
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingjin Weng
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guiping Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiazhang Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenqian Nong
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Honglin Luo
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shenhong Qu
- Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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3
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Li J, Zhang Y, Yang YG, Sun T. Advancing mRNA Therapeutics: The Role and Future of Nanoparticle Delivery Systems. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3743-3763. [PMID: 38953708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the critical role of mRNA-based vaccines as powerful, adaptable, readily manufacturable, and safe methodologies for prophylaxis. mRNA-based treatments are emerging as a hopeful avenue for a plethora of conditions, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, genetic diseases, and rare disorders. Nonetheless, the in vivo delivery of mRNA faces challenges due to its instability, suboptimal delivery, and potential for triggering undesired immune reactions. In this context, the development of effective drug delivery systems, particularly nanoparticles (NPs), is paramount. Tailored with biophysical and chemical properties and susceptible to surface customization, these NPs have demonstrated enhanced mRNA delivery in vivo and led to the approval of several NPs-based formulations for clinical use. Despite these advancements, the necessity for developing a refined, targeted NP delivery system remains imperative. This review comprehensively surveys the biological, translational, and clinical progress in NPs-mediated mRNA therapeutics for both the prevention and treatment of diverse diseases. By addressing critical factors for enhancing existing methodologies, it aims to inform the future development of precise and efficacious mRNA-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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4
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Lin Y, Chen X, Wang K, Liang L, Zhang H. An Overview of Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Platforms for mRNA Vaccines for Treating Cancer. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:727. [PMID: 39066365 PMCID: PMC11281455 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With its unique properties and potential applications, nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have gained significant attention in recent years. Nanoparticles have the advantages of enhancing immunogenicity, targeting delivery, and improving stability, providing a new solution for drug and vaccine delivery. In some clinical studies, a variety of nanoparticle delivery platforms have been gradually applied to a wide range of vaccine applications. Current research priorities are exploring various types of nanoparticles as vaccine delivery systems to enhance vaccine stability and immunogenicity. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promising potential in preclinical and clinical studies on the efficient delivery of antigens to immune cells. Moreover, lipid nanoparticles and other nanoparticles for nucleic acids, especially for mRNA delivery systems, have shown vast potential for vaccine development. In this review, we present various vaccine platforms with an emphasis on nanoparticles as mRNA vaccine delivery vehicles. We describe several novel nanoparticle delivery platforms for mRNA vaccines, such as lipid-, polymer-, and protein-based nanoparticles. In addition, we provide an overview of the anti-tumor immunity of nanovaccines against different tumors in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, we outline future perspectives and remaining challenges for this promising technology of nanoparticle-based delivery platforms for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuehua Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing Science and Technology Innovation Center, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; (Y.L.); (X.C.); (K.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhang Y, Gao Z, Yang X, Xu Q, Lu Y. Leveraging high-throughput screening technologies in targeted mRNA delivery. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101101. [PMID: 38883419 PMCID: PMC11176929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has emerged as a promising molecular preventive and therapeutic approach that opens new avenues for healthcare. Although the use of delivery systems, especially lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), greatly improves the efficiency and stability of mRNA, mRNA tends to accumulate in the liver and hardly penetrates physiological barriers to reach the target site after intravenous injection. Hence, the rational design of targeting strategies aimed at directing mRNA to specific tissues and cells remains an enormous challenge in mRNA therapy. High-throughput screening (HTS) is a cutting-edge targeted technique capable of synthesizing chemical compound libraries for the large-scale experiments to validate the efficiency of mRNA delivery system. In this review, we firstly provide an overview of conventional low-throughput targeting strategies. Then the latest advancements in HTS techniques for mRNA targeted delivery, encompassing optimizing structures of large-scale delivery vehicles and developing large-scale surface ligands, as well as the applications of HTS techniques in extrahepatic systemic diseases are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, we illustrate the selection of administration routes for targeted mRNA delivery. Finally, challenges in the field and potential solutions to tackle them are proposed, offering insights for future development toward mRNA targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Zhifei Gao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Qinglong Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Joint and Orthopedics, Orthopedic Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Song H, Dai Q, Liu C. Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymer-Based RNA Delivery Systems for Cancer Treatment. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400278. [PMID: 38803312 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics offer a broad prospect in cancer treatment. However, their successful application requires overcoming various physiological barriers to effectively deliver RNAs to the target sites. Currently, a number of RNA delivery systems based on polymeric nanoparticles are developed to overcome these barriers in RNA delivery. This work provides an overview of the existing RNA therapeutics for cancer gene therapy, and particularly summarizes those that are entering the clinical phase. This work then discusses the core features and latest research developments of tumor microenvironment-responsive polymer-based RNA delivery carriers which are designed based on the pathological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. Finally, this work also proposes opportunities for the transformation of RNA therapies into cancer immunotherapy methods in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiqin Song
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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7
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Yang Y, Yuan Q, Tang W, Ma Y, Duan J, Yang G, Fang Y. Role of long non-coding RNA in chemoradiotherapy resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1346413. [PMID: 38487724 PMCID: PMC10937456 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1346413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Common treatment methods for NPC include radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgical intervention. Despite these approaches, the prognosis for NPC remains poor due to treatment resistance and recurrence. Hence, there is a crucial need for more comprehensive research into the mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in NPC. Long non coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are elongated RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. They paly significant roles in various biological processes within tumors, such as chemotherapy resistance, radiation resistance, and tumor recurrence. Recent studies have increasingly unveiled the mechanisms through which LncRNAs contribute to treatment resistance in NPC. Consequently, LncRNAs hold promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diagnosing NPC. This review provides an overview of the role of LncRNAs in NPC treatment resistance and explores their potential as therapeutic targets for managing NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - QuPing Yuan
- Puer People’s Hospital, Department of Critical Medicine, PuEr, Yunnan, China
| | - Weijian Tang
- Queen Mary School of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ya Ma
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - JingYan Duan
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - GuoNing Yang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baoshan People’s Hospital, Baoshan, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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8
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Malla R, Srilatha M, Farran B, Nagaraju GP. mRNA vaccines and their delivery strategies: A journey from infectious diseases to cancer. Mol Ther 2024; 32:13-31. [PMID: 37919901 PMCID: PMC10787123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have evolved as promising cancer therapies. These vaccines can encode tumor-allied antigens, thus enabling personalized treatment approaches. They can also target cancer-specific mutations and overcome immune evasion mechanisms. They manipulate the body's cellular functions to produce antigens, elicit immune responses, and suppress tumors by overcoming limitations associated with specific histocompatibility leukocyte antigen molecules. However, successfully delivering mRNA into target cells destroys a crucial challenge. Viral and nonviral vectors (lipid nanoparticles and cationic liposomes) have shown great capacity in protecting mRNA from deterioration and assisting in cellular uptake. Cell-penetrating peptides, hydrogels, polymer-based nanoparticles, and dendrimers have been investigated to increase the delivery efficacy and immunogenicity of mRNA. This comprehensive review explores the landscape of mRNA vaccines and their delivery platforms for cancer, addressing design considerations, diverse delivery strategies, and recent advancements. Overall, this review contributes to the progress of mRNA vaccines as an innovative strategy for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- RamaRao Malla
- Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GITAM School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
| | - Mundla Srilatha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, AP, India
| | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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Miliotou AN, Georgiou-Siafis SK, Ntenti C, Pappas IS, Papadopoulou LC. Recruiting In Vitro Transcribed mRNA against Cancer Immunotherapy: A Contemporary Appraisal of the Current Landscape. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9181-9214. [PMID: 37998753 PMCID: PMC10670245 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 100 innovative in vitro transcribed (IVT)-mRNAs are presently undergoing clinical trials, with a projected substantial impact on the pharmaceutical market in the near future. Τhe idea behind this is that after the successful cellular internalization of IVT-mRNAs, they are subsequently translated into proteins with therapeutic or prophylactic relevance. Simultaneously, cancer immunotherapy employs diverse strategies to mobilize the immune system in the battle against cancer. Therefore, in this review, the fundamental principles of IVT-mRNA to its recruitment in cancer immunotherapy, are discussed and analyzed. More specifically, this review paper focuses on the development of mRNA vaccines, the exploitation of neoantigens, as well as Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cells, showcasing their clinical applications and the ongoing trials for the development of next-generation immunotherapeutics. Furthermore, this study investigates the synergistic potential of combining the CAR immunotherapy and the IVT-mRNAs by introducing our research group novel, patented delivery method that utilizes the Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) technology to transduce the IVT-mRNAs encoding the CAR of interest into the Natural Killer (NK)-92 cells, highlighting the potential for enhancing the CAR NK cell potency, efficiency, and bioenergetics. While IVT-mRNA technology brings exciting progress to cancer immunotherapy, several challenges and limitations must be acknowledged, such as safety, toxicity, and delivery issues. This comprehensive exploration of IVT-mRNA technology, in line with its applications in cancer therapeutics, offers valuable insights into the opportunities and challenges in the evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy, setting the stage for future advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androulla N. Miliotou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (A.N.M.); (S.K.G.-S.); (C.N.)
- Department of Health Sciences, KES College, 1055 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sofia K. Georgiou-Siafis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (A.N.M.); (S.K.G.-S.); (C.N.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Charikleia Ntenti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (A.N.M.); (S.K.G.-S.); (C.N.)
- 1st Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Pappas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Thessaly, Greece;
| | - Lefkothea C. Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; (A.N.M.); (S.K.G.-S.); (C.N.)
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10
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Liu X, Huang P, Yang R, Deng H. mRNA Cancer Vaccines: Construction and Boosting Strategies. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19550-19580. [PMID: 37819640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In late 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a lipid-based mRNA vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19, which has pushed this field to be more closely studied and motivated researchers to delve deeper into mRNA therapeutics. To date, the research on mRNA cancer vaccines has been developed rapidly, and substantial hopeful therapeutic results have been achieved against various solid tumors in clinical trials. In this review, we first introduce three main components of mRNA cancer vaccines, including mRNA antigens, adjuvants, and delivery vectors. Engineering these components can optimize the therapeutic effects of mRNA cancer vaccines. For instance, appropriate modification of mRNA structure can alleviate the poor stability and innate immunogenicity of mRNA, and the use of mRNA delivery vectors can address the issues of low delivery efficiency in vivo. Second, we emphatically discuss some strategies to further improve the efficacy of mRNA cancer vaccines, namely modulating the immunosuppressive tumor environment, optimizing administration routes, achieving targeting delivery to intended tissues or organs, and employing combination therapy. These strategies can strengthen the tumor inhibitory ability of mRNA cancer vaccines and increase the possibility of tumor elimination. Finally, we point out some challenges in the clinical practice of mRNA cancer vaccines and offer our perspectives on future developments in this rapidly evolving field. It is anticipated that mRNA cancer vaccines will be rapidly developed for clinical cancer therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126 China
- Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126 China
| | - Hongzhang Deng
- Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University & Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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11
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Zidovec-Lepej S, Batovic M, Rozman M, Bodulić K, Prtorić L, Šokota A, Nikcevic A, Simicic P, Tešović G. Distribution of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Variants in Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis and Association with Selected Biochemical and Hematological Parameters. Pathogens 2023; 12:915. [PMID: 37513762 PMCID: PMC10384830 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular diversity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is exceptionally complex and based on the characterization of sequences coding for several viral genes. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of EBV types 1 and 2 and to characterize LMP1 variants in a cohort of 73 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), as well as to investigate a possible association between viral diversity and relevant clinical parameters. Population-based sequencing of EBNA-2 gene showed the presence of EBV type 1 in all IM patients. Analysis of LMP1 gene found a restricted repertoire of LMP1 variants with the predominance of wild-type B95-8, China1, Mediterranean and North Carolina variants with the presence of more than one LMP1 variant in 16.4% of patients. Co-infections with different LMP1 variants were associated with significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and lower levels of maximal neutrophil counts and minimal platelet count. The results of this study have shown a narrow repertoire of LMP1 variants and an exclusive presence of EBV type 1 in a cohort of IM from Croatia, suggesting a characteristic local molecular pattern of this virus. The clinical importance of distinct immunobiological features of IM patients with LMP1 variant co-infections needs to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snjezana Zidovec-Lepej
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Margarita Batovic
- Department of Medical and Laboratory Genetics, Children's Hospital Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Rozman
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristian Bodulić
- Research Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Prtorić
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ante Šokota
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Nikcevic
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Simicic
- Department of Immunological and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Tešović
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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