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Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antioxidant Activity of 15 Different Plant-Based Natural Compounds in Comparison with Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081099. [PMID: 36009966 PMCID: PMC9404727 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based natural compounds (PBCs) are comparatively explored in this study to identify the most effective and safe antibacterial agent/s against six World Health Organization concern pathogens. Based on a contained systematic review, 11 of the most potent PBCs as antibacterial agents are included in this study. The antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy of the included PBCs are compared with each other as well as common antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and gentamicin). The whole plants of two different strains of Cannabis sativa are extracted to compare the results with sourced ultrapure components. Out of 15 PBCs, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cinnamaldehyde, and carvacrol show promising antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacy. The most common antibacterial mechanisms are explored, and all of our selected PBCs utilize the same pathway for their antibacterial effects. They mostly target the bacterial cell membrane in the initial step rather than the other mechanisms. Reactive oxygen species production and targeting [Fe-S] centres in the respiratory enzymes are not found to be significant, which could be part of the explanation as to why they are not toxic to eukaryotic cells. Toxicity and antioxidant tests show that they are not only nontoxic but also have antioxidant properties in Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model.
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Huang XJ, Xiong N, Chen BC, Luo F, Huang M, Ding ZS, Qian CD. The Antibacterial Properties of 4, 8, 4', 8'-Tetramethoxy (1,1'-biphenanthrene) -2,7,2',7'-Tetrol from Fibrous Roots of Bletilla striata. Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:195-202. [PMID: 33927460 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biphenanthrene compound, 4, 8, 4', 8'-tetramethoxy (1, 1'-biphenanthrene)-2, 7, 2', 7'-tetrol (LF05), recently isolated from fibrous roots of Bletilla striata, exhibits antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial properties, potential mode of action and cytotoxicity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) tests showed LF05 was active against all tested Gram-positive strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and staphylococcal clinical isolates. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests demonstrated LF05 was bactericidal against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and Bacillus subtilis 168 whereas bacteriostatic against S. aureus ATCC 43300, WX 0002, and other strains of S. aureus. Time-kill assays further confirmed these observations. The flow cytometric assay indicated that LF05 damaged the cell membrane of S. aureus ATCC 29213 and B. subtilis 168. Consistent with this finding, 4 × MIC of LF05 caused release of ATP in B. subtilis 168 within 10 min. Checkerboard test demonstrated LF05 exhibited additive effect when combined with vancomycin, erythromycin and berberine. The addition of rat plasma or bovine serum albumin to bacterial cultures caused significantly loss in antibacterial activity of LF05. Interestingly, LF05 was highly toxic to several tumor cells. Results of these studies indicate that LF05 is bactericidal against some Gram-positive bacteria and acts as a membrane structure disruptor. The application of biphenanthrene in the treatment of S. aureus infection, especially local infection, deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jiao Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Chen Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- Institute of Medical Technology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Dong Qian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Dandawate P, Padhye S, Schobert R, Biersack B. Discovery of natural products with metal-binding properties as promising antibacterial agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:563-576. [PMID: 30905202 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1593367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More than 50% of the clinically established antibiotics are either genuine natural products or derivatives thereof, featuring a mode of action decisively depending on their metal affinity and suitability as metal complex ligands. As their structural diversity and harvest from renewable sources is well-nigh inexhaustible, any future quest for affordable new antibiotics will have to concentrate on natural drugs with obvious metal ligating properties. Areas covered: The authors provide an overview of the promising developments in the field of antibiotic natural products with metal-binding properties with a specific focus on metal binders such as polyphenols, quinones, 3-acyltetramic and -tetronic acids. Works published by the authors are discussed in this manuscript as well as articles derived from PubMed and Scifinder. Expert opinion: Natural products with metal-binding properties possess a great potential for the development of drugs against various bacteria. There are many derivatives with great potential against multidrug-resistant bacteria as well. Synthetic approaches to structurally complex and/or rare natural products have added significantly to the cracking of synthetic problems. Thus, this field of scientific research appears attractive both to chemists and to clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Dandawate
- a Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine , Kansas University Medical Center , Kansas , USA
| | - Subhash Padhye
- b University of Pune , Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Research Academy (ISTRA) , Pune , India
| | - Rainer Schobert
- c Organic Chemistry Laboratory , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- c Organic Chemistry Laboratory , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , Germany
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Joung DK, Mun SH, Choi SH, Kang OH, Kim SB, Lee YS, Zhou T, Kong R, Choi JG, Shin DW, Kim YC, Lee DS, Kwon DY. Antibacterial activity of oxyresveratrol against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1579-1584. [PMID: 27588079 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (ORV) is a naturally occurring compound found in mulberries that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities. However, the underlying mechanism of the action of ORV against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pathogen has not yet been reported. MRSA is multidrug-resistant, causing skin and other types of infections. The aim of the present study was to examine the antimicrobial activity of ORV and the underlying mechanism of its action on MRSA. The antibacterial activity of ORV was evaluated using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, and the mechanism of its antibacterial action on S. aureus was investigated using a combination of ORV with detergent, ATPase inhibitors and peptidoglycan (PGN). In addition, the survival characteristics and changes in MRSA morphology were monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The MIC value of ORV against all S. aureus strains was found to be 125 µg/ml. The optical density at 600 nm of each suspension treated using a combination of ORV with Triton X-100, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or sodium azide was reduced by 68.9-89.8% compared with the value upon treatment with ORV alone. In the ORV and PGN combination assay, direct binding of ORV with PGN from S. aureus was evident. Furthermore, TEM examination of MRSA treated with ORV showed alterations in septa formation. In conclusion, these results showed that ORV has a strong antibacterial effect against S. aureus, mainly by increasing membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase when combined with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Ki Joung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Chungbuk 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryong Kong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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The Mechanism Underlying the Antibacterial Activity of Shikonin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:520578. [PMID: 26265924 PMCID: PMC4523682 DOI: 10.1155/2015/520578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Shikonin (SKN), a highly liposoluble naphthoquinone pigment isolated from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, is known to exert antibacterial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antitumor effects. The aim of this study was to examine SKN antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The SKN was analyzed in combination with membrane-permeabilizing agents Tris and Triton X-100, ATPase inhibitors sodium azide and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and S. aureus-derived peptidoglycan; the effects on MRSA viability were evaluated by the broth microdilution method, time-kill test, and transmission electron microscopy. Addition of membrane-permeabilizing agents or ATPase inhibitors together with a low dose of SKN potentiated SKN anti-MRSA activity, as evidenced by the reduction of MRSA cell density by 75% compared to that observed when SKN was used alone; in contrast, addition of peptidoglycan blocked the antibacterial activity of SKN. The results indicate that the anti-MRSA effect of SKN is associated with its affinity to peptidoglycan, the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and the activity of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. This study revealed the potential of SKN as an effective natural antibiotic and of its possible use to substantially reduce the use of existing antibiotic may also be important for understanding the mechanism underlying the antibacterial activity of natural compounds.
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Lee HI, Lee SK, Kwon YM, Song YS. Antibacterial Effect of Haedokgeumhwa-san against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18325/jkmr.2015.25.2.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mun SH, Kim SB, Kong R, Choi JG, Kim YC, Shin DW, Kang OH, Kwon DY. Curcumin reverse methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2014; 19:18283-95. [PMID: 25389660 PMCID: PMC6271166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic flavonoid extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., was shown to possess superior potency to resensitize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to antibiotics. Previous studies have shown the synergistic activity of curcumin with β-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. Further, to understand the anti-MRSA mechanism of curcumin, we investigated the potentiated effect of curcumin by its interaction in diverse conditions. The mechanism of anti-MRSA action of curcumin was analyzed by the viability assay in the presence of detergents, ATPase inhibitors and peptidoglycan (PGN) from S. aureus, and the PBP2a protein level was analyzed by western blotting. The morphological changes in the curcumin-treated MRSA strains were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We analyzed increased susceptibility to MRSA isolates in the presence of curcumin. The optical densities at 600 nm (OD600) of the suspensions treated with the combinations of curcumin with triton X-100 and Tris were reduced to 63% and 59%, respectively, compared to curcumin without treatment. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and sodium azide (NaN3) were reduced to 94% and 55%, respectively. When peptidoglycan (PGN) from S. aureus was combined with curcumin, PGN (0–125 μg/mL) gradually blocked the antibacterial activity of curcumin (125 μg/mL); however, at a concentration of 125 µg/mL PGN, it did not completely block curcumin. Curcumin has a significant effect on the protein level of PBP2a. The TEM images of MRSA showed damage of the cell wall, disruption of the cytoplasmic contents, broken cell membrane and cell lysis after the treatment of curcumin. These data indicate a remarkable antibacterial effect of curcumin, with membrane permeability enhancers and ATPase inhibitors, and curcumin did not directly bind to PGN on the cell wall. Further, the antimicrobial action of curcumin involved in the PBP2a-mediated resistance mechanism was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Mun
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Ryong Kong
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Standardized Material Bank for New Botanical Drugs, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Bio Industry Science, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea.
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Mun SH, Joung DK, Kim SB, Park SJ, Seo YS, Gong R, Choi JG, Shin DW, Rho JR, Kang OH, Kwon DY. The mechanism of antimicrobial activity of sophoraflavanone B against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:234-9. [PMID: 24601672 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophoraflavanone B (SPF-B), a prenylated flavonoid, can be isolated from the roots of Desmodium caudatum. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of SPF-B's antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is a multidrug-resistant pathogen and the main cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SPF-B was assessed using the broth microdilution method. The mechanism of action of SPF-B on S. aureus was analyzed in combination assays incorporating detergents, ATPase inhibitors, and peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from S. aureus. Furthermore, morphological changes in the SPF-B-treated MRSA strains were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. The MIC of SPF-B for MRSA was in the range of 15.6-31.25 μg/mL. The mechanism of action of SPF-B on MRSA was investigated using combination assays with detergent and ATPase inhibitors. The optical density at 600 nm of MRSA suspensions treated with a combination of detergent and SPF-B reduced the MRSA by 63%-73%. In the SPF-B and PGN combination assay, direct binding of SPF-B with PGN from S. aureus was evident. These data may be validated for the development of new antibacterial drugs for low MRSA resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Mun
- 1 BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk, Korea
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Choi JG, Mun SH, Chahar HS, Bharaj P, Kang OH, Kim SG, Shin DW, Kwon DY. Methyl gallate from Galla rhois successfully controls clinical isolates of Salmonella infection in both in vitro and in vivo systems. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102697. [PMID: 25048362 PMCID: PMC4105534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Galla rhois is a commonly used traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria in Korea as well as in other parts of Asia. Methyl gallate (MG), a major component of Galla Rhois, exhibits strong antibacterial activity, but its mechanism of action against Salmonella spp. is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antibacterial actions of MG against Salmonella. The antibacterial activity determined by broth dilution method indicated that the antibacterial activity of MG against Salmonella strains ranged from 3.9 to 125 µg/ml. In vitro bacterial viability test indicated that MG significantly decreased the viability of Salmonella over 40% when combined with ATPase inhibitors. The time-kill curves showed that a combined MG and ATPase inhibitors (DCCD and NaN3) treatment reduced the bacterial counts dramatically after 24 h. Oral administration of MG showed a strong anti-bacterial activity against WS-5 infected BALB/c mice. In contrast to the untreated Salmonella infected control animals, MG treated groups showed no clinical symptoms of the disease, such as lethargy and liver damage. It was observed that MG treatment significantly increased the survival of animals from Salmonella infection, while in untreated groups all animal succumbed to disease by the sixth day post infection. Thus, the present study demonstrates the therapeutic ability of MG against Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Su-Hyun Mun
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Harendra S. Chahar
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Preeti Bharaj
- Center of Excellence in Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Se-Gun Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Sunchon National University, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Korea
- * E-mail:
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The Antibacterial Assay of Tectorigenin with Detergents or ATPase Inhibitors against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:716509. [PMID: 24987433 PMCID: PMC4058531 DOI: 10.1155/2014/716509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tectorigenin (TTR) is an O-methylated isoflavone derived from the rhizome of Belamacanda chinensis (L.) DC. It is known to perform a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor. The aim of this study is to examine the mechanism of antibacterial activity of TTR against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The anti-MRSA activity of TTR was analyzed in combination assays with detergent, ATPase inhibitors, and peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S. aureus morphology. The MIC values of TTR against all the tested strains were 125 μg/mL. The OD(600) of each suspension treated with a combination of Triton X-100, DCCD, and NaN3 with TTR (1/10 × MIC) had been reduced from 68% to 80%, compared to the TTR alone. At a concentration of 125 μg/mL, PGN blocked antibacterial activity of TTR. This study indicates that anti-MRSA action of TTR is closely related to cytoplasmic membrane permeability and ABC transporter, and PGN at 125 μg/mL directly bind to and inhibit TTR at 62.5 μg/mL. These results can be important indication in study on antimicrobial activity mechanism against multidrug resistant strains.
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Mun SH, Kang OH, Joung DK, Kim SB, Choi JG, Shin DW, Kwon DY. In vitro anti-MRSA activity of carvone with gentamicin. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:891-896. [PMID: 24669246 PMCID: PMC3961117 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvone is one of the naturally occurring monoterpenes, the largest class of secondary metabolites in plants, and exists in two enantiomers, R-carvone (R-car) and S-car. The objective of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of R-car and S-car with gentamicin (GET) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA is a major human pathogen that causes serious problems, including hospital-acquired pneumonia, abscesses and surgical wound infections. Nosocomial MRSA infections often exhibit multidrug resistance. In the present study, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with R-car, S-car and GET using the broth microdilution method. Minimal inhibitory concentration values for R- and S-car against six different strains of S. aureus ranged between 500 and 1,000 μg/ml. Anti-MRSA activity was evaluated using the checkerboard and time-kill assays to investigate the potential synergistic effects of different combinations of the carvone enantiomers and GET. R-car plus S-car, R-car plus GET and S-car plus GET exhibited significant synergistic activity against MRSA. These findings suggest that the single-agent anti-MRSA activities of R-car, S-car and GET are effectively increased through combination therapy. This study showed that carvone may be a potential adjuvant antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Mun
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Joung
- BK21 Plus Program & Department of Smart Life-Care Convergence, Gradulate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- BK21 Plus Team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, College of Bio Industry Science, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Jeonnam 540-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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12
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Hwang IS, Hwang JH, Choi H, Kim KJ, Lee DG. Synergistic effects between silver nanoparticles and antibiotics and the mechanisms involved. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1719-1726. [PMID: 22956753 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (nano-Ags), which have well-known antimicrobial properties, are used extensively in various medical and general applications. In this study, the combination effects between nano-Ags and the conventional antibiotics ampicillin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin against various pathogenic bacteria were investigated. The MIC and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) were determined to confirm antibacterial susceptibility and synergistic effects. The results showed that nano-Ags possessed antibacterial effects and synergistic activities. The antibiofilm activities of nano-Ags alone or in combination with antibiotics were also investigated. Formation of biofilm is associated with resistance to antimicrobial agents and chronic bacterial infections. The results indicated that nano-Ags also had antibiofilm activities. To understand these effects of nano-Ags, an ATPase inhibitor assay, permeability assay and hydroxyl radical assay were conducted. The antibacterial activity of nano-Ags was influenced by ATP-associated metabolism rather than by the permeability of the outer membrane. Additionally, nano-Ags generated hydroxyl radicals, a highly reactive oxygen species induced by bactericidal agents. It was concluded that nano-Ags have potential as a combination therapeutic agent for the treatment of infectious diseases by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sok Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80 Buk-gu Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Hwang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80 Buk-gu Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80 Buk-gu Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Keuk-Jun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tae Kyeung College, 24, Danbuk-ri, Jain-myeon, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80 Buk-gu Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
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13
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Lee YS, Han SH, Lee SH, Kim YG, Park CB, Kang OH, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Seo YS, Myung NY, Kwon DY. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of tetrandrine against Staphylococcus aureus. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:686-91. [PMID: 22845553 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from the radix of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore. TET performs a wide spectrum of biological activities. The radix of S. tetrandrae has been used traditionally in Asia, including Korea, to treat congestive circulatory disorders and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism of antibacterial activity of tetrandrine against Staphylococcus aureus. The mechanism was investigated by studying the effects of TET in combination with detergent or membrane potential un-couplers. In addition, the direct involvement of peptidoglycan (PGN) was assessed in titration assays. TET activity against S. aureus was 125-250 μg/mL, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the two reference strains was 250 μg/mL. The OD(600) of each suspension treated with a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (TRIS), and Triton X-100 (TX) with TET (0.25×MIC) had been reduced from 43% to 96%. Additional structure-function studies on the antibacterial activity of TET in combination with other agents may lead to the discovery of more effective antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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14
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Kang HK, Kim HY, Cha JD. Synergistic effects between silibinin and antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:1397-408. [PMID: 21491604 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a dangerous microorganism, and creates serious medical problems. It causes many types of infections in humans and often acquires multi-drug resistance. In this study, silibinin was evaluated against 20 clinical isolates of MRSA, either alone or in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin, using a checkerboard assay. The silibinin exhibited good activity against isolates of MRSA, and MRSA ATCC33952 and MSSA ATCC25923, with minimum inhibitory concentrations/minimum bactericidal concentrations (MICs/MBCs) ranging between 2-8/4-16 μg/mL, for ampicillin 2-1024/2-2048 μg/mL, and for oxacillin 0.25-32/0.5-64 μg/mL. The range of MIC(50) and MIC(90) were 0.5-4 μg/mL and 2-8 μg/mL, respectively. The MICs/MBCs for the combination of silibinin plus oxacillin or ampicillin were reduced by ≥4-fold against the MRSA isolates tested, demonstrating a synergistic effect, as defined by a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.5. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the growth of the tested bacteria showed that growth was completely attenuated after 2-5 h of treatment with the 1/2 MIC of silibinin, regardless of whether it was administered alone or with oxacillin (1/2 MIC) or ampicillin (1/2 MIC). In conclusion, silibinin exerted synergistic effects when administered with oxacillin or ampicillin and the antibacterial activity and resistant regulation of silibinin against clinical isolates of MRSA might be useful in controlling MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Kang
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
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15
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W Obiang-Obounou B, Kang OH, Choi JG, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Shin DW, Woo Kim K, Park CB, Kim YG, Han SH, Kwon DY. The mechanism of action of sanguinarine against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:277-83. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice W Obiang-Obounou
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
- Kunsan National university, Department of Oceangraphy
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
| | - Joon-Ho Keum
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
| | - Su-Hyun Mun
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Sunchon National University, Department of Oriental Medicine Resources
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Kyungpook National University, School of Ecological and Environmental System
| | - Chung-Berm Park
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Department of Herbal Crop Research
| | - Young-Guk Kim
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Department of Herbal Crop Research
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Department of Herbal Crop Research
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- Wonkwang University, College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute
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16
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Lee YS, Han SH, Lee SH, Kim YG, Park CB, Kang OH, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Shin DW, Kwon DY. Synergistic effect of tetrandrine and ethidium bromide against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:645-51. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA,Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Hee Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA,Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA,Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guk Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA,Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Berm Park
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA,Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwa Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkang University,Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkang University,Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkang University,Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyun Mun
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkang University,Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Sunchon National University, Department of Oriental Medicine Resources,Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeul Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkang University,Republic of Korea
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