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Sarkar R, Roychoudhury P, Kumar S, Dutta S, Konwar N, Subudhi PK, Dutta TK. Rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae targeting the apxIVA gene for diagnosis of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia in pigs by Polymerase Spiral Reaction. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:442-449. [PMID: 35616177 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia associated with serious economic impact on pig husbandry worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease by existing techniques including isolation and identification bacteria followed by serotyping, serological techniques, conventional PCR, real-time PCR and LAMP assays are cumbersome, time consuming, costly and not suitable for rapid field application. A novel isothermal polymerase chain reaction (PSR) technique is standardized for all the reagents, incubation time and incubation temperature against A. pleuropneumoniae. Sensitivity of the assay was determined against various dilutions of purified DNA and total bacterial count. Specificity of the assay was determined against 11 closely related bacterial isolates. The relative sensitivity and specificity was compared with bacterial isolation, conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays. The PSR assay for specific detection was standardized at 64o C for 30 minutes incubation in a water bath. The result was visible by the naked eye after centrifugation of the reaction mixture or after incorporation of SYBR Green dye as yellow-green fluorescence. The technique was found to be 100% specific and equally sensitive with real-time PCR and 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The PSR assay could be applicable in detection of the organisms in porcine nasal swabs spiked with A. pleuropneumoniae. This is the first ever report on development of PSR for specific detection of A. pleuropneumoniae and can be applied for early diagnosis at field level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - P Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - S Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - N Konwar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - P K Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
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Makrai L, Sárközi R, Fodor L. Carbon source utilisation and evaluation of the Biolog system in the identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Acta Vet Hung 2019; 67:327-337. [PMID: 31549548 DOI: 10.1556/004.2019.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-eight Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains were isolated from porcine acute pleuropneumonia cases from different parts of Hungary between 2000 and 2014. A total of 41 isolates were identified as A. pleuropneumoniae bio-type I and 27 strains as biotype II based on cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate metabolic fingerprinting in the species-level identification of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates. Utilisation of carbon sources by these field isolates and six reference strains was characterised by the Biolog system (GN2 Microplate, MicroLog3 Version 4.20.05 software). Twenty-nine field strains were correctly identified by the Biolog system as A. pleuropneumoniae, 36 strains as A. lignieresii, two strains as H. paraphrohaemolyticus and one strain as A. equuli after 24 h of incubation. Among the six A. pleuropneumoniae reference strains the Biolog system identified one strain as A. pleuropneumoniae, four as A. lignieresii and one as H. paraphrohaemolyticus. There was no correlation between biotypes and serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae and the carbon source utilisation pattern and species identification by the Biolog system. our data indicate that the efficacy of the Biolog system used here could be improved by including phenotypes of more A. pleuropneumoniae strains representing a wider geographical occurrence into the database.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Makrai
- 1Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 22, Hungary
| | - Rita Sárközi
- 1Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 22, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- 1Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 22, Hungary
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Jung M, Won H, Shin MK, Oh MW, Shim S, Yoon I, Yoo HS. Development of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII-specific ELISA methods for evaluation of vaccine efficiency. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e2. [PMID: 30944525 PMCID: PMC6441810 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various vaccines against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, subunit vaccines using recombinant proteins of ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII as vaccine antigens have shown good efficacy in terms of safety and protection. Therefore, subunit vaccines are being applied worldwide and the development of new subunit vaccines is actively being conducted. To evaluate the efficacy of the subunit vaccines, it is important to measure immune responses to each Apx toxin separately. However, the cross-reactivity of antibodies makes it difficult to measure specific immune reactivity to each toxin. In the present study, specific antigen regions among the toxins were identified and cloned to solve this problem. The antigenicity of each recombinant protein was demonstrated by Western blot. Using the recombinant proteins, we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods that can detect specific immune responses to each Apx toxin in laboratory guinea pigs. We suggest that the ELISA method developed in this study can be an important tool in the evaluation of vaccine efficiency and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hokeun Won
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Injoong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee KE, Choi HW, Kim HH, Song JY, Yang DK. Prevalence and Characterization ofActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeIsolated from Korean Pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Eun Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | | | - Ha-Hyun Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, MAFRA, Anyang, Korea
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Identification and characterization of the insecticidal toxin "makes caterpillars floppy" in Photorhabdus temperata M1021 using a cosmid library. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2024-40. [PMID: 25014195 PMCID: PMC4113739 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6072024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorhabdus temperata is an entomopathogenic enterobacterium; it is a nematode symbiont that possesses pathogenicity islands involved in insect virulence. Herein, we constructed a P. temperata M1021 cosmid library in Escherichia coli XL1-Blue MRF` and obtained 7.14 × 105 clones. However, only 1020 physiologically active clones were screened for insect virulence factors by injection of each E. coli cosmid clone into Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor larvae. A single cosmid clone, PtC1015, was consequently selected due to its characteristic virulent properties, e.g., loss of body turgor followed by death of larvae when the clone was injected into the hemocoel. The sequence alignment against the available sequences in Swiss-Prot and NCBI databases, confirmed the presence of the mcf gene homolog in the genome of P. temperata M1021 showing 85% homology and 98% query coverage with the P. luminescens counterpart. Furthermore, a 2932 amino acid long Mcf protein revealed limited similarity with three protein domains. The N-terminus of the Mcf encompassed consensus sequence for a BH3 domain, the central region revealed similarity to toxin B, and the C-terminus of Mcf revealed similarity to the bacterial export domain of ApxIVA, an RTX-like toxin. In short, the Mcf toxin is likely to play a role in the elimination of insect pests, making it a promising model for use in the agricultural field.
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