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Riba M, Kiss-Szikszai A, Gonda S, Boros G, Vitál Z, Borsodi AK, Krett G, Borics G, Ujvárosi AZ, Vasas G. Microcystis Chemotype Diversity in the Alimentary Tract of Bigheaded Carp. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050288. [PMID: 31121822 PMCID: PMC6563263 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cyanobacterial organisms included in the genus Microcystis can produce a wide repertoire of secondary metabolites. In the mid-2010s, summer cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis sp. occurred regularly in Lake Balaton. During this period, we investigated how the alimentary tract of filter-feeding bigheaded carps could deliver different chemotypes of viable cyanobacteria with specific peptide patterns. Twenty-five Microcystis strains were isolated from pelagic plankton samples (14 samples) and the hindguts of bigheaded carp (11 samples), and three bloom samples were collected from the scums of cyanobacterial blooms. An LC-MS/MS-based untargeted approach was used to analyze peptide patterns, which identified 36 anabaenopeptin, 17 microginin, and 13 microcystin variants. Heat map clustering visualization was used to compare the identified chemotypes. A lack of separation was observed in peptide patterns of Microcystis that originated from hindguts, water samples, and bloom-samples. Except for 13 peptides, all other congeners were detected from the viable and cultivated chemotypes of bigheaded carp. This finding suggests that the alimentary tract of bigheaded carps is not simply an extreme habitat, but may also supply the cyanobacterial strains that represent the pelagic chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milán Riba
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Boros
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Vitál
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Kériné Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Krett
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Borics
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Zsuzsanna Ujvárosi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Joung SH, Oh HM, You KA. Dynamic variation of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis proportion in the eutrophic Daechung Reservoir in Korea. J Microbiol 2016; 54:543-50. [PMID: 27480634 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-016-6141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the environmental factors affecting the level of potentially toxic Microcystis. The long-term tendencies of temperature, precipitation, and water quality factors were analyzed to determine the environmental characteristics of the Daechung Reservoir in Korea, and water samples were directly collected to analyze the dynamics of toxic and non-toxic Microcystis at weekly intervals from May to October 2012. Microcystis was the dominant genus during the study period, and it was composed of potentially toxic and non-toxic Microcystis. The fraction of potentially toxic Microcystis ranged from 6.0% to 61.1%. The amount of toxic Microcystis was highly related to the intracellular microcystin concentration (r = 0.760, P < 0.01). Therefore, the fraction of potentially toxic Microcystis is an important concern in Microcystis blooming because the intracellular microcystin concentration may reflect microcystin levels in the water. The prevalence of potentially toxic Microcystis was highly related to water temperature in Daechung Reservoir (r = 0.585, P < 0.01). Thus, temperature increase during Microcystis blooming may lead to more frequent toxic Microcystis blooms in eutrophic water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Joung
- Dongjin Engineering Co., LTD., Daegu, 740978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Biochemical and Bioenergy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A You
- Water Environment Research Department, National Institute of Environment Research, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
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Kolmakov VI. Role of Microcystis aeruginosa passing through the digestive tracts of filter-feeding animals in eutrophic water reservoirs (review). CONTEMP PROBL ECOL+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995425514040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moreira C, Spillane C, Fathalli A, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. African origin and europe-mediated global dispersal of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Curr Microbiol 2014; 69:628-33. [PMID: 24952206 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-014-0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is a bloom-forming cyanobacteria, which currently has a cosmopolitan distribution. Since M. aeruginosa can produce toxic compounds across all continents that it inhabits, it is of major public health relevance to assess its origin and dispersal. Thus, we conducted a worldwide study using 29 isolates representative of all the main continents, and used a concatenated genetic system for phylogenetic analyses consisting of four genetic markers (spanning ca. 3,485 bp). Our results support an early origin of M. aeruginosa in the African continent, with a subsequent dispersal to establish a second genetic pool in the European continent, from where M. aeruginosa then colonized the remaining continental regions. Our findings indicate that the European population has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is genetically closer to populations from Africa and North America. Our study also highlights the utility of using a concatenated dataset for phylogenetic inferences in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
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Genetic diversity of Microcystis cyanophages in two different freshwater environments. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:401-9. [PMID: 24671440 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages rapidly diversify their genes through co-evolution with their hosts. We hypothesize that gene diversification of phages leads to locality in phages genome. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the genetic diversity and composition of Microcystis cyanophages using 104 sequences of Ma-LMM01-type cyanophages from two geographically distant sampling sites. The intergenetic region between the ribonucleotide reductase genes nrdA and nrdB was used as the genetic marker. This region contains the host-derived auxiliary metabolic genes nblA, an unknown function gene g04, and RNA ligase gene g03. The sequences obtained were conserved in the Ma-LMM01 gene order and contents. Although the genetic diversity of the sequences was high, it varied by gene. The genetic diversity of nblA was the lowest, suggesting that nblA is a highly significant gene that does not allow mutation. In contrast, g03 sequences had many point mutations. RNA ligase is involved in the counter-host's phage defense mechanism, suggesting that phage defense also plays an important role for rapid gene diversification. The maximum parsimony network and phylogenic analysis showed the sequences from the two sampling sites were distinct. These findings suggest Ma-LMM01-type phages rapidly diversify their genomes through co-evolution with hosts in each location and eventually provided locality of their genomes.
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Moreira C, Vasconcelos V, Antunes A. Phylogeny and biogeography of cyanobacteria and their produced toxins. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4350-69. [PMID: 24189276 PMCID: PMC3853732 DOI: 10.3390/md11114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogeny is an evolutionary reconstruction of the past relationships of DNA or protein sequences and it can further be used as a tool to assess population structuring, genetic diversity and biogeographic patterns. In the microbial world, the concept that everything is everywhere is widely accepted. However, it is much debated whether microbes are easily dispersed globally or whether they, like many macro-organisms, have historical biogeographies. Biogeography can be defined as the science that documents the spatial and temporal distribution of a given taxa in the environment at local, regional and continental scales. Speciation, extinction and dispersal are proposed to explain the generation of biogeographic patterns. Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that inhabit a wide range of ecological niches and are well known for their toxic secondary metabolite production. Knowledge of the evolution and dispersal of these microorganisms is still limited, and further research to understand such topics is imperative. Here, we provide a compilation of the most relevant information regarding these issues to better understand the present state of the art as a platform for future studies, and we highlight examples of both phylogenetic and biogeographic studies in non-symbiotic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Moreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.); (V.V.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.); (V.V.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, Porto 4050-123, Portugal; E-Mails: (C.M.); (V.V.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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