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Sun W, Luo C, Wu Y, Ding M, Feng M, Leng F, Wang Y. Paraphoma chrysanthemicola Affects the Carbohydrate and Lobetyolin Metabolism Regulated by Salicylic Acid in the Soilless Cultivation of Codonopsis pilosula. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38927288 PMCID: PMC11200528 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Paraphoma chrysanthemicola, an endophytic fungus isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, influences salicylic acid (SA) levels. The interaction mechanism between SA and P. chrysanthemicola within C. pilosula remains elusive. To elucidate this, an experiment was conducted with four treatments: sterile water (CK), P. chrysanthemicola (FG), SA, and a combination of P. chrysanthemicola with salicylic acid (FG+SA). Results indicated that P. chrysanthemicola enhanced plant growth and counteracted the growth inhibition caused by exogenous SA. Physiological analysis showed that P. chrysanthemicola reduced carbohydrate content and enzymatic activity in C. pilosula without affecting total chlorophyll concentration and attenuated the increase in these parameters induced by exogenous SA. Secondary metabolite profiling showed a decrease in soluble proteins and lobetyolin levels in the FG group, whereas SA treatment led to an increase. Both P. chrysanthemicola and SA treatments decreased antioxidase-like activity. Notably, the FG group exhibited higher nitric oxide (NO) levels, and the SA group exhibited higher hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the stems. This study elucidated the intricate context of the symbiotic dynamics between the plant species P. chrysanthemicola and C. pilosula, where an antagonistic interaction involving salicylic acid was prominently observed. This antagonism was observed in the equilibrium between carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolism. This equilibrium had the potential to engage reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.S.); (C.L.); (Y.W.); (M.D.); (M.F.); (F.L.)
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Choudhary N, Dhingra N, Gacem A, Yadav VK, Verma RK, Choudhary M, Bhardwaj U, Chundawat RS, Alqahtani MS, Gaur RK, Eltayeb LB, Al Abdulmonem W, Jeon BH. Towards further understanding the applications of endophytes: enriched source of bioactive compounds and bio factories for nanoparticles. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193573. [PMID: 37492778 PMCID: PMC10364642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The most significant issues that humans face today include a growing population, an altering climate, an growing reliance on pesticides, the appearance of novel infectious agents, and an accumulation of industrial waste. The production of agricultural goods has also been subject to a great number of significant shifts, often known as agricultural revolutions, which have been influenced by the progression of civilization, technology, and general human advancement. Sustainable measures that can be applied in agriculture, the environment, medicine, and industry are needed to lessen the harmful effects of the aforementioned problems. Endophytes, which might be bacterial or fungal, could be a successful solution. They protect plants and promote growth by producing phytohormones and by providing biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Endophytes produce the diverse type of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, quinones, chinones, phenolic acids etc. and are known for various therapeutic advantages such as anticancer, antitumor, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiviral, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant activity. Proteases, pectinases, amylases, cellulases, xylanases, laccases, lipases, and other types of enzymes that are vital for many different industries can also be produced by endophytes. Due to the presence of all these bioactive compounds in endophytes, they have preferred sources for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. This review aims to comprehend the contributions and uses of endophytes in agriculture, medicinal, industrial sectors and bio-nanotechnology with their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Choudhary
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Naveen Dhingra
- Department of Agriculture, Medi-Caps University, Pigdamber Road, Rau, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mahima Choudhary
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Uma Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida International University, Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rajendra Singh Chundawat
- Dept of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mohammed S. Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Kumar Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya (D.D.U.) Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin AbdulAziz University- Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seddouk L, Jamai L, Tazi K, Ettayebi M, Alaoui-Mhamdi M, Aleya L, Janati-Idrissi A. Isolation and characterization of a mesophilic cellulolytic endophyte Preussia africana from Juniperus oxycedrus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:45589-45600. [PMID: 35146609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Juniperus oxycedrus is less recognized for the diversity of its fungal endophytes and their potential to produce extracellular enzymes. The present study is the first report on the isolation and identification of a mesophilic endophytic strain JO-A, Preussia africana, from fresh stems of the J. oxycedrus endemic tree in the Ifrane region-Morocco, and the evaluation of its ability to produce cellulases. A one-time multi-parameter one-factor screening was optimized to select factors that enhance cellulase production in P. africana. The maximum production of both CMCase and FPase activities were 1.913 IU.mL-1 and 0.885 IU.mL-1, respectively, when the medium was supplemented with 2% w/v glucose. These remarkable titers were tenfold greater than those obtained under the initial non-optimized conditions. This mesophilic P. africana JO-A strain grows and actively produces cellulases at 37 °C demonstrating its great potential for various biotechnology applications. The cellulolytic extract showed the highest enzymatic activities at pH 5.0 and 50 °C with a half-life of 24 h at 50 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Seddouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences DM, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796 Atlas, Fez, Morocco
| | - Latifa Jamai
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences DM, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796 Atlas, Fez, Morocco
| | - Karima Tazi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences DM, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796 Atlas, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ettayebi
- The Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Alaoui-Mhamdi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences DM, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796 Atlas, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- CNRS 6249-Université de Franche-Comté, 16, route de Gray F-25030, Besançon cedex, France
| | - Abellatif Janati-Idrissi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Conservation and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences DM, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796 Atlas, Fez, Morocco
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Seas C, Chaverri P. Response of psychrophilic plant endosymbionts to experimental temperature increase. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201405. [PMID: 33489283 PMCID: PMC7813268 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Countless uncertainties remain regarding the effects of global warming on biodiversity, including the ability of organisms to adapt and how that will affect obligate symbiotic relationships. The present study aimed to determine the consequences of temperature increase in the adaptation of plant endosymbionts (endophytes) that grow better at low temperatures (psychrophilic). We isolated fungal endophytes from a high-elevation (paramo) endemic plant, Chusquea subtessellata. Initial growth curves were constructed at different temperatures (4-25°C). Next, experiments were carried out in which only the psychrophilic isolates were subjected to repeated increments in temperature. After the experiments, the final growth curves showed significantly slower growth than the initial curves, and some isolates even ceased to grow. While most studies suggest that the distribution of microorganisms will expand as temperatures increase because most of these organisms grow better at 25°C, the results from our experiments demonstrate that psychrophilic fungi were negatively affected by temperature increases. These outcomes raise questions concerning the potential adaptation of beneficial endosymbiotic fungi in the already threatened high-elevation ecosystems. Assessing the consequences of global warming at all trophic levels is urgent because many species on Earth depend on their microbial symbionts for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Seas
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana, Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), 2050 San José, Costa Rica
- Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Escuela de Posgrado, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Ma XD, Zhang XG, Guo SJ, Ma GY, Liu WJ, Wang N, Feng M, Su Y. Application of enzyme-assisted extraction of baicalin from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:241-251. [PMID: 32820988 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1808791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Endophytes may depend on degrading the plant cell wall with cellulases for their survival. Therefore, cellulase produced by endophytes may be useful in releasing the active ingredient of medicinal plants. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant widely used in China and baicalin is one of its main active ingredients. In this study, fresh S. baicalensis Georgi was used to isolate endophytes, Congo red staining was used to screen cellulase-producing strains, and HPLC was used to determine the content of baicalin in S. baicalensis Georgi. As a result, a highly active strain of endophyte capable of the extraction of high levels of baicalin was obtained. The strain was named HG-5 and identified as Bacillus sp. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the enzyme better promotes the dissolution of plant active ingredients. After optimizing the enzyme production and extraction processes, we found that when compared with the traditional extraction method, the baicalin yield was increased 79.31% after extraction with the HG-5 enzyme. The current study provides a novel approach and method for the use of endophyte cellulase to improve the extraction of compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Si-Jia Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yan Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Feng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yu Su
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan Medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, P.R. China
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Endophytic Penicillium species and their agricultural, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:107. [PMID: 32095421 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium genus constituted by over 200 species is one of the largest and fascinating groups of fungi, particularly well established as a source of antibiotics. Endophytic Penicillium has been reported to colonize their ecological niches and protect their host plant against multiples stresses by exhibiting diverse biological functions that can be exploited for countless applications including agricultural, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical. Over the past 2 decades, endophytic Penicillium species have been investigated beyond their antibiotic potential and numerous applications have been reported. We comprehensively summarized in this review available data (2000-2019) regarding bioactive compounds isolated from endophytic Penicillium species as well as the application of these fungi in multiple agricultural and biotechnological processes. This review has shown that a very large number (131) of endophytes from this genus have been investigated so far and more than 280 compounds exhibiting antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitics, immunosuppressants, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antifibrotic, neuroprotective effects, and insecticidal and biocontrol activities have been reported. Moreover, several endophytic Penicillium spp. have been characterized as biocatalysts, plant growth promoters, phytoremediators, and enzyme producers. We hope that this review summarizes the status of research on this genus and will stimulate further investigations.
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Endophytic Fungi: Biodiversity, Ecological Significance, and Potential Industrial Applications. RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN WHITE BIOTECHNOLOGY THROUGH FUNGI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-10480-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang XG, Lu Y, Wang WN, Liu ZY, Liu JW, Chen XQ. A novel enzyme-assisted approach for efficient extraction of Z-ligustilide from Angelica sinensis plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9783. [PMID: 28852066 PMCID: PMC5575039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes coexist with plants, in part, due to cellulase that allow saccharification of plant cell walls. The cellulase enzymes found in naturally occurring endophytes may exhibit stronger activity and more specificity than commercially available cellulase for enzyme-assisted extraction of compounds from medicinal plant materials. In order to identify endophytes with high cellulase activity, we screened endophytes taken from different parts of Angelica sinensis using the Congo red staining method. We identified three strains with higher cellulase activity. Of the 3 strains identified, No.Lut1201 increased the yield of extracted Z-ligustilide 2 fold compared to commercially available cellulase (Ningxia Sunson) using a cellulase-assisted extraction method and traditional extraction methods. Scanning electron microscopy clearly demonstrated that the cellulase extracted from endophytes enhance cell wall polysaccharide degradation as well as Z-ligustilide extraction from Radix Angelica sinensis (RAS). The current study provides a new method and ideas of using cellulase of endophytes for improving the extraction of compounds from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Na Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Wen Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology; Key Laboratory of Screening and Processing in new Tibetan medicine of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730050, P.R. China
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Isolation and characterization of trichalasin-producing endophytic fungus from Taxus baccata. ANN MICROBIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-017-1256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Microbial and Functional Diversity within the Phyllosphere of Espeletia Species in an Andean High-Mountain Ecosystem. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1807-1817. [PMID: 26746719 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02781-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial populations residing in close contact with plants can be found in the rhizosphere, in the phyllosphere as epiphytes on the surface, or inside plants as endophytes. Here, we analyzed the microbiota associated with Espeletia plants, endemic to the Páramo environment of the Andes Mountains and a unique model for studying microbial populations and their adaptations to the adverse conditions of high-mountain neotropical ecosystems. Communities were analyzed using samples from the rhizosphere, necromass, and young and mature leaves, the last two analyzed separately as endophytes and epiphytes. The taxonomic composition determined by performing sequencing of the V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene indicated differences among populations of the leaf phyllosphere, the necromass, and the rhizosphere, with predominance of some phyla but only few shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Functional profiles predicted on the basis of taxonomic affiliations differed from those obtained by GeoChip microarray analysis, which separated community functional capacities based on plant microenvironment. The identified metabolic pathways provided insight regarding microbial strategies for colonization and survival in these ecosystems. This study of novel plant phyllosphere microbiomes and their putative functional ecology is also the first step for future bioprospecting studies in search of enzymes, compounds, or microorganisms relevant to industry or for remediation efforts.
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Endophytic fungi: expanding the arsenal of industrial enzyme producers. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1467-78. [PMID: 25117531 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1496-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi, mostly belonging to the Ascomycota, are found in the intercellular spaces of the aerial plant parts, particularly in leaf sheaths, sometimes even within the bark and root system without inducing any visual symptoms of their presence. These fungi appear to have a capacity to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. However, they have been only barely exploited as sources of enzymes of industrial interest. This review emphasizes the suitability and possible advantages of including the endophytic fungi in the screening of new enzyme producing organisms as well as in studies aiming to optimize the production of enzymes through well-known culture processes. Apparently endophytic fungi possess the two types of extracellular enzymatic systems necessary to degrade the vegetal biomass: (1) the hydrolytic system responsible for polysaccharide degradation consisting mainly in xylanases and cellulases; and (2) the unique oxidative ligninolytic system, which degrades lignin and opens phenyl rings, comprises mainly laccases, ligninases and peroxidases. The obvious ability of endophytic fungi to degrade the complex structure of lignocellulose makes them useful in the exploration of the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fuel ethanol and other value-added commodity chemicals. In addition to this, endophytic fungi may become new sources of industrially useful enzymes such as lipases, amylases and proteases.
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Yield increase induced by the fungal root endophyte Piriformospora indica in barley grown at low temperature is nutrient limited. Symbiosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-014-0268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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