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Lee JH, Kim YG, Park I, Lee J. Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of flavonoids against Candida albicans: Focus on 3,2'-dihydroxyflavone as a potential therapeutic agent. Biofilm 2024; 8:100218. [PMID: 39175909 PMCID: PMC11340609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective management of microbial biofilms holds significance within food and medical environments. Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungus, forms mucosal biofilms closely linked to candidiasis and drug-resistant infections due to their drug tolerance. Morphologic change from yeast to filamentous cells is a key virulence factor and a prerequisite for biofilm development. This study investigated the anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities of 20 flavonoids against C. albicans. With their known antioxidant capabilities, flavonoids hold promise in combating infections associated with biofilms. Among them, flavone and its derivatives exhibited moderate antifungal activity, 3,2'-dihydroxyflavone (3,2'-DHF) at 1 μg/mL exhibited strong antibiofilm activity (MIC 50 μg/mL). In addition, 3,2'-DHF dramatically inhibited cell aggregation and germ tube/hyphae formation. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that flavone and 3,2'-DHF behaved differently, as 3,2'-DHF downregulated the expressions of germ tube/hyphae-forming and biofilm-related genes (ECE1, HWP1, TEC1, and UME6) but upregulated the biofilm/hyphal regulators (CHK1, IFD6, UCF1, and YWP1). Tests evaluating toxicity with plant and nematode models revealed that flavone and 3,2'-DHF exhibited mild toxicity. Current results indicate that hydroxylated flavone derivatives can enhance anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities and provide a source of potential anti-fungal agents against drug-resistant C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inji Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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Faleye OS, Lee JH, Lee J. Selected flavonoids exhibit antibiofilm and antibacterial effects against Vibrio by disrupting membrane integrity, virulence and metabolic activities. Biofilm 2023; 6:100165. [PMID: 38034415 PMCID: PMC10681883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a high-risk foodborne pathogen associated with raw or undercooked seafoods and its biofilm forming potential has become a threat to food safety and economic values. Hence, this study aims to examine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as virulence inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids against V. parahaemolyticus. Out of the sixteen flavonoid derivatives, 6-aminoflavone (6-AF), 3,2-dihydroxyflavone (3,2-DHF) and 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DHMB) were found as active biofilm inhibitors. 3,2-DHF and DHMB had minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 and 50 μg/mL respectively against Vibrio planktonic cells and displayed superior antibacterial activities to standard controls. Also, they disrupted preformed biofilms and suppressed virulence properties including motilities, cell hydrophobicity and aggregation. They impaired iron acquisition mechanism and hemolysin production at sub-MICs as supported by transcriptomic studies. Interestingly, the flavonoids interfered with the metabolic activity, cell division and membrane permeability to exert antibiofilm and antibacterial activities. 6-AF and 3,2-DHF were non-toxic in the C. elegans model and showed excellent capacity to protect shrimps from biodeterioration. Furthermore, the flavonoids inhibited biofilm formation by V. harveyi, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium and the mixed-species biofilm with Vibrio. This study discovered flavonoid derivatives, especially 3,2-DHF as potential bioactive compounds capable of offering protection from risks associated with biofilm formation by V. parahaemolyticus and other food pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajide Sunday Faleye
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Phytocompounds as a source for the development of new drugs to treat respiratory viral infections. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023; 77:187-240. [PMCID: PMC10204935 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have an important history as a threat to global health. However, this problem has been aggravated due to the appearance of new outbreaks caused by a newly discovered virus or variant. Recently, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major concern for health authorities, and it was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Secondary metabolites obtained from plants represent an alternative to the discovery of new active molecules and have already shown potential to combat different viruses. In an effort to demonstrate the broad spectrum of antiviral action from these metabolites, this work describes the compounds that were effective against the major viruses that cause respiratory infections in humans. In addition, their mechanisms of action were highlighted as an approach to better understanding the virus-bioactive substance relationship. Finally, this study warns that, although phytocompounds have a broad antiviral action spectrum, the development of products and clinical trials based on these secondary metabolites is still scarce and therefore deserves greater attention from the scientific community.
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Hypoglycemic Effects of Plant Flavonoids: A Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2057333. [PMID: 34925525 PMCID: PMC8674047 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2057333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic high blood glucose levels, and it is associated with defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It is also a major public issue, affecting the world's population. This disease contributes to long-term health complications such as dysfunction and failure of multiple organs, including nerves, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and eyes. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds found in nature and usually present as secondary metabolites in plants, vegetables, and fungi. Flavonoids possess many health benefits such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and naturally occurring flavonoids contribute to antidiabetic effects.Many studies conducted in vivo and in vitro have proven the hypoglycemic effect of plant flavonoids. A large number of studies showed that flavonoids hold positive results in controlling the blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and further prevent the complications of diabetes. The future development of flavonoid-based drugs is believed to provide significant effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetes complication diseases. This review aims at summarizing the various types of flavonoids that function as hyperglycemia regulators such as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and glucose cotransporters in the body. This review article discusses the hypoglycemic effects of selected plant flavonoids namely quercetin, kaempferol, rutin, naringenin, fisetin, and morin. Four search engines, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and SciFinder, are used to collect the data.
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Bastos EMS, da Silva VDA, Costa SL, Hanna SA. Technological Maturity and Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants with Pharmacological Activity in the Central Nervous System. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:89-101. [PMID: 33726659 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210316110915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants present activities against neurodegenerative diseases with potential for the pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the current panorama of patents and articles of Brazilian medicinal plants with pharmacological activities in the Central Nervous System (CNS), regarding such aspects as the number of patents by countries, areas of knowledge, and technological maturity. METHODS We carry out a technological exploration on the Questel Orbit® platform with the descriptors: Agave sisalana P., Amburana cearenses A., Dimorphandra mollis B., Jatropha curcas L., Poincianella pyramidalis T. and Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. with pharmacological activity and scientific exploration in PubMed and Science Direct associated with the CNS in the title, abstract, and methodology. RESULTS A total of 642 patents were identified between the years 1999-2019. India, China, and Brazil are highlighted, 6th place, out of a total of 48 countries. Of these, 30 patents were not in the National Institute of Industrial Property, and 10% are Brazilian in biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. Eleven articles were used in PubMed and Science Direct with scientific domains (anticancer, neuroprotection and anti-inflammatory). The Federal University of Bahia is highlighted, showing Technology Readiness Levels (TRL4), basic skills of pre-clinical research. CONCLUSION Brazilian public universities have a significant role in the scientific, technological and innovative development of therapeutic assets for CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M S Bastos
- Postgraduate Program in Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer for Innovation, PROFNIT, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, 40170-290 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Victor D A da Silva
- Bio-function Department, Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Costa
- Bio-function Department, Neurochemistry and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samira A Hanna
- Biointeraction Sciences Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Kim K, Gil M, Dayem AA, Choi S, Kang GH, Yang GM, Cho S, Jeong Y, Kim SJ, Seok J, Kwak HJ, Kumar Saha S, Kim A, Cho SG. Improved Isolation and Culture of Urine-Derived Stem Cells (USCs) and Enhanced Production of Immune Cells from the USC-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E827. [PMID: 32197458 PMCID: PMC7141314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of autologous adult stem cells is one of the essential prerequisites for human stem cell therapy. Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are considered as desirable cell sources for cell therapy because donor-specific USCs are easily and non-invasively obtained from urine. Efficient isolation, expansion, and differentiation methods of USCs are necessary to increase their availability. Here, we developed a method for efficient isolation and expansion of USCs using Matrigel, and the rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632. The prepared USCs showed significantly enhanced migration, colony forming capacity, and differentiation into osteogenic or chondrogenic lineage. The USCs were successfully reprogramed into induced pluripotent stem cells (USC-iPSCs) and further differentiated into kidney organoid and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Using flavonoid molecules, the isolation efficiency of USCs and the production of HPCs from the USC-iPSCs was increased. Taken together, we present an improved isolation method of USCs utilizing Matrigel, a ROCK inhibitor and flavonoids, and enhanced differentiation of USC-iPSC to HPC by flavonoids. These novel findings could significantly enhance the use of USCs and USC-iPSCs for stem cell research and further application in regenerative stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Sungha Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Yeojin Jeong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Se Jong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Jaekwon Seok
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Hee Jeong Kwak
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (M.G.); (A.A.D.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.C.); (Y.J.); (S.J.K.); (J.S.); (H.J.K.); (S.K.S.)
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Kim K, Abdal Dayem A, Gil M, Yang GM, Lee SB, Kwon OH, Choi S, Kang GH, Lim KM, Kim D, Cho SG. 3,2'-Dihydroxyflavone Improves the Proliferation and Survival of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Differentiation into Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030669. [PMID: 32131506 PMCID: PMC7141312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient maintenance of the undifferentiated status of human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for producing cells with improved proliferation, survival and differentiation, which can be successfully used for stem cell research and therapy. Here, we generated iPSCs from healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and analyzed the proliferation and differentiation capacities of the generated iPSCs using single cell NGS-based 24-chromosome aneuploidy screening and RNA sequencing. In addition, we screened various natural compounds for molecules that could enhance the proliferation and differentiation potential of hiPSCs. Among the tested compounds, 3,2′-dihydroxyflavone (3,2′-DHF) significantly increased cell proliferation and expression of naïve stemness markers and decreased the dissociation-induced apoptosis of hiPSCs. Of note, 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs showed upregulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and an increase in the percentage of GSH-high cells in an analysis with a FreSHtracer system. Interestingly, culture of the 3,2′-DHF-treated hiPSCs in differentiation media enhanced their mesodermal differentiation and differentiation into CD34+ CD45+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) and natural killer cells (NK) cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the natural compound 3,2′-DHF can improve the proliferation and differentiation capacities of hiPSCs and increase the efficiency of HPC and NK cell production from hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Oh-Hyung Kwon
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Sangbaek Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
| | - Dongho Kim
- Bio-Medical Science (BMS) Co., Ltd., Gimpo 10136, Korea; (O.-H.K.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (K.K.); (A.A.D.); (M.G.); (G.-M.Y.); (S.B.L.); (S.C.); (G.-H.K.); (K.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-4207
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Labarrière L, Moncomble A, Cornard JP. pH dependency of the structural and photophysical properties of the atypical 2′,3-dihydroxyflavone. RSC Adv 2020; 10:35017-35030. [PMID: 35515691 PMCID: PMC9056863 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06833k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
2′,3-Dihydroxyflavone (2′3HF) is a natural flavonol that has barely ever been studied, however the scarce studies of its physico-chemical properties have highlighted its atypical behaviour. We present a structural and spectral study of 2′3HF, performed using UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, coupled with DFT and TD-DFT calculations. Although its structure is close to that of 3-hydroxyflavone, 2′3HF shows a much lower pKa value. We show that the origin of this particularity is the substitution by a hydroxyl group on position 2′, that induces a stronger inter-ring interaction weakening the bonding of the proton at position 3. The main absorption band of the is red-shifted upon deprotonation. The remaining proton is highly bonded in between oxygen atoms 3 and 2′, making the second deprotonation unattainable in methanol. The neutral form can undergo an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer to emit dual fluorescence by the normal and tautomer forms. We suggested five geometries to be the sources of the emission bands, and showed that the energy barriers to interconversions were almost null. The anion is also fluorescent. The Stokes shifts for the neutral normal and anion species are extremely high, that can be explained by the conformational rearrangement, as the species go from twisted in the ground-state, to planar in the excited-state. Finally, another emission band is evidenced when exciting in the vicinity of the absorption maximum of the anion species in acidic medium. We suggest an aggregate with the solvent to be the origin of the emission. The assignment of the multiple fluorescence emission wavelengths of 2′,3-dihydroxyflavone highlights its particular properties compared to analogues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Labarrière
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8516 – LASIRE – Laboratoire avancé de spectroscopie pour les interactions, la réactivité et l'environnement
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Aurélien Moncomble
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8516 – LASIRE – Laboratoire avancé de spectroscopie pour les interactions, la réactivité et l'environnement
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Jean-Paul Cornard
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8516 – LASIRE – Laboratoire avancé de spectroscopie pour les interactions, la réactivité et l'environnement
- F-59000 Lille
- France
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10
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Mehrbod P, Ebrahimi SN, Fotouhi F, Eskandari F, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ, Fasina FO. Experimental validation and computational modeling of anti-influenza effects of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from indigenous south African medicinal plant Rapanea melanophloeos. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:346. [PMID: 31791311 PMCID: PMC6888925 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A virus (IAV) is still a major health threat. The clinical manifestations of this infection are related to immune dysregulation, which causes morbidity and mortality. The usage of traditional medication with immunomodulatory properties against influenza infection has been increased recently. Our previous study showed antiviral activity of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q3R) isolated from Rapanea melanophloeos (RM) (L.) Mez (family Myrsinaceae) against H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) infection. This study aimed to confirm the wider range of immunomodulatory effect of Q3R on selective pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines against IAV in vitro, to evaluate the effect of Q3R on apoptosis pathway in combination with H1N1, also to assess the physical interaction of Q3R with virus glycoproteins and RhoA protein using computational docking. METHODS MDCK cells were exposed to Q3R and 100CCID50/100 μl of H1N1 in combined treatments (co-, pre- and post-penetration treatments). The treatments were tested for the cytokines evaluation at RNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. In another set of treatment, apoptosis was examined by detecting RhoA GTPase protein and caspase-3 activity. Molecular docking was used as a tool for evaluation of the potential anti-influenza activity of Q3R. RESULTS The expressions of cytokines in both genome and protein levels were significantly affected by Q3R treatment. It was shown that Q3R was much more effective against influenza when it was applied in co-penetration treatment. Q3R in combination with H1N1 increased caspase-3 activity while decreasing RhoA activation. The molecular docking results showed strong binding ability of Q3R with M2 transmembrane, Neuraminidase of 2009 pandemic H1N1, N1 and H1 of PR/8/1934 and Human RhoA proteins, with docking energy of - 10.81, - 10.47, - 9.52, - 9.24 and - 8.78 Kcal/mol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from RM was significantly effective against influenza infection by immunomodulatory properties, affecting the apoptosis pathway and binding ability to viral receptors M2 transmembrane and Neuraminidase of 2009 pandemic H1N1 and human RhoA cellular protein. Further research will focus on detecting the detailed specific mechanism of Q3R in virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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11
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Liu X, Song Z, Bai J, Nauwynck H, Zhao Y, Jiang P. Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis. Vet Res 2019; 50:61. [PMID: 31506103 PMCID: PMC6737628 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a prevalent and endemic swine pathogen that causes significant economic losses in the global swine industry. Commercial vaccines provide limited protection against this virus, and no highly effective therapeutic drugs are yet available. In this study, we first screened a library of 386 natural products and found that xanthohumol (Xn), a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, displayed high anti-PRRSV activity by inhibiting PRRSV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Xn treatment stimulates genes associated with the antioxidant response in the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway. Xn causes increased expression of Nrf2, HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1 in Marc-145 cells. The action of Xn against PRRSV proliferation depends on Nrf2 in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). This finding suggests that Xn significantly inhibits PRRSV proliferation and decreases viral-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2–HMOX1 pathway. This information should be helpful for developing a novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhongbao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hans Nauwynck
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnostics and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health & Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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12
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Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Kubatka P, Kajo K, Büsselberg D. Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E430. [PMID: 31480505 PMCID: PMC6769509 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevailing global health metabolic disorder, with an alarming incidence rate and a huge burden on health care providers. DM is characterized by the elevation of blood glucose due either to a defect in insulin synthesis, secretion, binding to receptor, or an increase of insulin resistance. The internal and external factors such as obesity, urbanizations, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of developing DM. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds existing as secondary metabolites in fruits and vegetables as well as fungi. Their structure consists of 15 carbon skeletons and two aromatic rings (A and B) connected by three carbon chains. Flavonoids are furtherly classified into 6 subclasses: flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, and anthocyanidins. Naturally occurring flavonoids possess anti-diabetic effects. As in vitro and animal model's studies demonstrate, they have the ability to prevent diabetes and its complications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge addressing the antidiabetic effects of dietary flavonoids and their underlying molecular mechanisms on selected pathways: Glucose transporter, hepatic enzymes, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AMPK, PPAR, and NF-κB. Flavonoids improve the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications through the regulation of glucose metabolism, hepatic enzymes activities, and a lipid profile. Most studies illustrate a positive role of specific dietary flavonoids on diabetes, but the mechanisms of action and the side effects need more clarification. Overall, more research is needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes treatment using flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology and Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, 81250 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 81439 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
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Antiviral activity of Poncirus trifoliata seed extract against oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus. J Microbiol 2018; 56:586-592. [PMID: 30047088 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of oseltamivir-resistant variants of influenza virus has highlighted the necessity for the development of more effective novel antiviral drugs. To date, numerous researchers have focused on developing antiviral drugs using natural resources, such as traditional herbal medicines. Poncirus trifoliata is widely used in oriental medicine as a remedy for gastritis, dysentery, inflammation and digestive ulcers. In this study, we investigated the potential antiviral effect of the Poncirus trifoliata orange seed extract against influenza virus. An ethanol extract of Poncirus trifoliata seeds (PTex) inhibited the activity of influenza viruses, in particular, oseltamivir- resistant strains, in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In contrast to oseltamivir, PTex exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the cellular penetration pathway of the virus rather than HA receptor binding. The potent antiviral effect and novel working mechanism of PTex support its further development as an effective natural antiviral drug with a wide spectrum of activity against influenza and oseltamivir-resistant viruses.
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Mehrbod P, Abdalla MA, Fotouhi F, Heidarzadeh M, Aro AO, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ, Fasina FO. Immunomodulatory properties of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from Rapanea melanophloeos against influenza a virus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:184. [PMID: 29903008 PMCID: PMC6003079 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infection is a major public health threat. The role of influenza A virus-induced inflammatory response in severe cases of this disease is widely recognized. Drug resistance and side effects of chemical treatments have been observed, resulting in increased interest in alternative use of herbal medications for prophylaxis against this infection. The South African medicinal plant, Rapanea melanophloeos (RM) (L.) Mez of the family Myrsinaceae was selected owing to its traditional use for the treatment of several diseases such as respiratory ailments and also previous preliminary studies of anti-influenza activity of its methanolic extract. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of a glycoside flavone isolated from RM against influenza A virus. METHODS The non-cytotoxic concentration of the quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (Q3R) was determined by MTT assay and tested for activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in simultaneous, pre-penetration and post-penetration combination treatments over 1 h incubation on MDCK cells. The virus titer and viral load targeting NP and M2 viral genes were determined using HA and qPCR, respectively. TNF-α and IL-27 as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured at RNA and protein levels by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside at 150 μg/ml decreased the viral titer by 6 logs (p < 0.01) in the simultaneous procedure. The NP and M2 genes copy numbers as viral target genes, calculated based on the Ct values and standard formula, significantly decreased in simultaneous treatment (p < 0.01). The expression of cytokines was also considerably affected by the compound treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from RM and its immunomodulatory properties against influenza A virus. Further research will focus on detecting the specific mechanism of virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muna Ali Abdalla
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Heidarzadeh
- Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abimbola O. Aro
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), House H Sida, Ada Estate, P.O.Box 2, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Hossain MK, Saha SK, Abdal Dayem A, Kim JH, Kim K, Yang GM, Choi HY, Cho SG. Bax Inhibitor-1 Acts as an Anti-Influenza Factor by Inhibiting ROS Mediated Cell Death and Augmenting Heme-Oxygenase 1 Expression in Influenza Virus Infected Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030712. [PMID: 29498634 PMCID: PMC5877573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus remains a major health concern worldwide, and there have been continuous efforts to develop effective antivirals despite the use of annual vaccination programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-influenza activity of Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1). Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells expressing wild type BI-1 and a non-functional BI-1 mutant, BI-1 ∆C (with the C-terminal 14 amino acids deleted) were prepared and infected with A/PR/8/34 influenza virus. BI-1 overexpression led to the suppression of virus-induced cell death and virus production compared to control Mock or BI-1 ∆C overexpression. In contrast to BI-1 ∆C-overexpressing cells, BI-1-overexpressing cells exhibited markedly reduced virus-induced expression of several viral genes, accompanied by a substantial decrease in ROS production. We found that treatment with a ROS scavenging agent, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), led to a dramatic decrease in virus production and viral gene expression in control MDCK and BI-1 ∆C-overexpressing cells. In contrast, NAC treatment resulted in the slight additional suppression of virus production and viral gene expression in BI-1-overexpressing cells but was statistically significant. Moreover, the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was also significantly increased following virus infection in BI-1-overexpressing cells compared to control cells. Taken together, our data suggest that BI-1 may act as an anti-influenza protein through the suppression of ROS mediated cell death and upregulation of HO-1 expression in influenza virus infected MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kawser Hossain
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Sheng Q, Fang X, Zhu Z, Xiao W, Wang Z, Ding G, Zhao L, Li Y, Yu P, Ding Z, Sun Q. Seasonal variation of pheophorbide a and flavonoid in different organs of two Carpinus species and its correlation with immunosuppressive activity. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 52:654-61. [PMID: 27112162 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The genus Carpinus of Betulaceae is the most widely distributed in the European landscape. This study reports a comparative study based on the pheophorbide a and flavonoid content from the two main species of the genus Carpinus, Carpinus betulus and Carpinus turczaninowii, respectively, in Nanjing, China. The pheophorbide a and flavonoid content depends on the organ, species, and season. HPLC analysis showed that the pheophorbide a and flavonoid levels were the highest in May and June, respectively, from the leaves of C. betulus 'Fastigiata.' In contrast, the content of pheophorbide a and flavonoid in the stems of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' or in other species was low. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethyl acetate extracts and methanol extracts from the two Carpinus species were also evaluated. The ethyl acetate extracts of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' in May and the methanol extracts of C. betulus 'Fastigiata' in June showed better immunosuppressive activity than in other seasons, which coincided with the content of pheophorbide a and flavonoid, respectively. Our findings indicated that C. betulus 'Fastigiata' can serve as a medicinal plant against inflammation because of its pheophorbide a and flavonoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sheng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xianying Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China. .,College of Art & Design, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Linguo Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yujian Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ping Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qinru Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Kawser Hossain M, Abdal Dayem A, Han J, Yin Y, Kim K, Kumar Saha S, Yang GM, Choi HY, Cho SG. Molecular Mechanisms of the Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetic Properties of Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:569. [PMID: 27092490 PMCID: PMC4849025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing health concerns worldwide and their incidence is increasing at a high rate, resulting in enormous social costs. Obesity is a complex disease commonly accompanied by insulin resistance and increases in oxidative stress and inflammatory marker expression, leading to augmented fat mass in the body. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells or diminished insulin secretion and action insulin. Obesity causes the development of metabolic disorders such as DM, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation-based pathologies. Flavonoids are the secondary metabolites of plants and have 15-carbon skeleton structures containing two phenyl rings and a heterocyclic ring. More than 5000 naturally occurring flavonoids have been reported from various plants and have been found to possess many beneficial effects with advantages over chemical treatments. A number of studies have demonstrated the potential health benefits of natural flavonoids in treating obesity and DM, and show increased bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets. This review summarizes the current progress in our understanding of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic potential of natural flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms for preventing and/or treating obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kawser Hossain
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihae Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Yingfu Yin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Dayem AA, Choi HY, Kim YB, Cho SG. Antiviral effect of methylated flavonol isorhamnetin against influenza. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121610. [PMID: 25806943 PMCID: PMC4373826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is an infectious respiratory disease with frequent seasonal epidemics that causes a high rate of mortality and morbidity in humans, poultry, and animals. Influenza is a serious economic concern due to the costly countermeasures it necessitates. In this study, we compared the antiviral activities of several flavonols and other flavonoids with similar, but distinct, hydroxyl or methyl substitution patterns at the 3, 3′, and 4′ positions of the 15-carbon flavonoid skeleton, and found that the strongest antiviral effect was induced by isorhamnetin. Similar to quercetin and kaempferol, isorhamnetin possesses a hydroxyl group on the C ring, but it has a 3′-methyl group on the B ring that is absent in quercetin and kaempferol. Co-treatment and pre-treatment with isorhamnetin produced a strong antiviral effect against the influenza virus A/PR/08/34(H1N1). However, isorhamnetin showed the most potent antiviral potency when administered after viral exposure (post-treatment method) in vitro. Isorhamnetin treatment reduced virus-induced ROS generation and blocked cytoplasmic lysosome acidification and the lipidation of microtubule associated protein1 light chain 3-B (LC3B). Oral administration of isorhamnetin in mice infected with the influenza A virus significantly decreased lung virus titer by 2 folds, increased the survival rate which ranged from 70–80%, and decreased body weight loss by 25%. In addition, isorhamnetin decreased the virus titer in ovo using embryonated chicken eggs. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of isorhamnetin could explain its strong anti-influenza virus potency; the methyl group located on the B ring of isorhamnetin may contribute to its strong antiviral potency against influenza virus in comparison with other flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Bio-Industrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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