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Song BPC, Ch'ng ACW, Lim TS. Review of phage display: A jack-of-all-trades and master of most biomolecule display. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128455. [PMID: 38013083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Phage display was first described by George P. Smith when it was shown that virus particles were capable of presenting foreign proteins on their surface. The technology has paved the way for the evolution of various biomolecules presentation and diverse selection strategies. This unique feature has been applied as a versatile platform for numerous applications in drug discovery, protein engineering, diagnostics, and vaccine development. Over the decades, the limits of biomolecules displayed on phage particles have expanded from peptides to proteomes and even alternative scaffolds. This has allowed phage display to be viewed as a versatile display platform to accommodate various biomolecules ranging from small peptides to larger proteomes which has significantly impacted advancements in the biomedical industry. This review will explore the vast array of biomolecules that have been successfully employed in phage display technology in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Pei Chui Song
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Angela Chiew Wen Ch'ng
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Theam Soon Lim
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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2
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Choe J, Kim SH, Han JM, Kim JH, Kwak MS, Jeong DW, Park MK. Prevalence of Indigenous Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Isolates and Their Application to Explore a Lytic Phage vB_SalS_KFSSM with an Intra-Broad Specificity. J Microbiol 2023; 61:1063-1073. [PMID: 38165607 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The consumption of fresh produce has led to increase in antibiotic-resistant (AR) Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, indigenous Salmonella was isolated from a total of two hundred-two samples including fresh produce and agricultural environmental samples in Korea. After biochemical confirmation using the Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate tests, presumable Salmonella isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Identified Salmonella isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility against twenty-two antibiotics. The specificity and the efficiency of plating (EOP) of vB_SalS_KFSSM were evaluated against fifty-three bacterial strains. Twenty-five suspected Salmonella were isolated and confirmed by the positive result for methyl red and citrate, of which ten were identified as Salmonella spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Eight Salmonella isolates (4.0%, n = 8/202) were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which five were multi-drug resistant. As a lytic phage against Salmonella spp. CMGS-1, vB_SalS_KFSSM was isolated from cow manure. The phage was observed as a tailed phage belonging to the class Caudoviricetes. It exhibited an intra-broad specificity against four indigenous AR Salmonella isolates, two indigenous Salmonella isolates, and five other Salmonella serotypes with great efficiencies (EOP ≥ 0.75). Thus, this study suggested the potential of vB_SalS_KFSSM to combat indigenous AR Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaein Choe
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyeon Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Kwak
- KookminBio Corporation, Seoul, 02826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Shymialevich D, Wójcicki M, Świder O, Średnicka P, Sokołowska B. Characterization and Genome Study of a Newly Isolated Temperate Phage Belonging to a New Genus Targeting Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1303. [PMID: 37372483 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spoilage of juices by Alicyclobacillus spp. remains a serious problem in industry and leads to economic losses. Compounds such as guaiacol and halophenols, which are produced by Alicyclobacillus, create undesirable flavors and odors and, thus, decrease the quality of juices. The inactivation of Alicyclobacillus spp. constitutes a challenge because it is resistant to environmental factors, such as high temperatures, and active acidity. However, the use of bacteriophages seems to be a promising approach. In this study, we aimed to isolate and comprehensively characterize a novel bacteriophage targeting Alicyclobacillus spp. The Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916 was isolated from orchard soil against the Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris strain KKP 3133. The bacterial host's range and the effect of phage addition at different rates of multiplicity of infections (MOIs) on the host's growth kinetics were determined using a Bioscreen C Pro growth analyzer. The Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916, retained its activity in a wide range of temperatures (from 4 °C to 30 °C) and active acidity values (pH from 3 to 11). At 70 °C, the activity of the phage decreased by 99.9%. In turn, at 80 °C, no activity against the bacterial host was observed. Thirty minutes of exposure to UV reduced the activity of the phages by almost 99.99%. Based on transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses, the Alicyclobacillus phage strain KKP 3916 was classified as a tailed bacteriophage. The genomic sequencing revealed that the newly isolated phage had linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with sizes of 120 bp and 131 bp and 40.3% G+C content. Of the 204 predicted proteins, 134 were of unknown function, while the remainder were annotated as structural, replication, and lysis proteins. No genes associated with antibiotic resistance were found in the genome of the newly isolated phage. However, several regions, including four associated with integration into the bacterial host genome and excisionase, were identified, which indicates the temperate (lysogenic) life cycle of the bacteriophage. Due to the risk of its potential involvement in horizontal gene transfer, this phage is not an appropriate candidate for further research on its use in food biocontrol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article on the isolation and whole-genome analysis of the Alicyclobacillus-specific phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms-Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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Wójcicki M, Świder O, Średnicka P, Shymialevich D, Ilczuk T, Koperski Ł, Cieślak H, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Newly Isolated Virulent Salmophages for Biocontrol of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Ready-to-Eat Plant-Based Food. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10134. [PMCID: PMC10299301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to irrational antibiotic stewardship, an increase in the incidence of multidrug resistance of bacteria has been observed recently. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic methods for pathogen infection treatment seems to be necessary. One of the possibilities is the utilization of bacteriophages (phages)—the natural enemies of bacteria. Thus, this study is aimed at the genomic and functional characterization of two newly isolated phages targeting MDR Salmonella enterica strains and their efficacy in salmonellosis biocontrol in raw carrot–apple juice. The Salmonella phage vB_Sen-IAFB3829 (Salmonella phage strain KKP 3829) and Salmonella phage vB_Sen-IAFB3830 (Salmonella phage strain KKP 3830) were isolated against S. I (6,8:l,-:1,7) strain KKP 1762 and S. Typhimurium strain KKP 3080 host strains, respectively. Based on the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses, the viruses were identified as members of tailed bacteriophages from the Caudoviricetes class. Genome sequencing revealed that these phages have linear double-stranded DNA and sizes of 58,992 bp (vB_Sen-IAFB3829) and 50,514 bp (vB_Sen-IAFB3830). Phages retained their activity in a wide range of temperatures (from −20 °C to 60 °C) and active acidity values (pH from 3 to 11). The exposure of phages to UV radiation significantly decreased their activity in proportion to the exposure time. The application of phages to the food matrices significantly reduced the level of Salmonella contamination compared to the control. Genome analysis showed that both phages do not encode virulence or toxin genes and can be classified as virulent bacteriophages. Virulent characteristics and no possible pathogen factors make examined phages feasible to be potential candidates for food biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Ś.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Ś.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Tomasz Ilczuk
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Łukasz Koperski
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 7 Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (T.I.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (H.C.)
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland; (P.Ś.); (E.J.-K.)
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Bryan DW, Hudson LK, Wang J, Denes TG. Characterization of a Diverse Collection of Salmonella Phages Isolated from Tennessee Wastewater. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:90-98. [PMID: 37350991 PMCID: PMC10282790 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2023.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica is one of the most prevalent bacterial foodborne pathogens. Salmonella phages are currently used in biocontrol applications and have potential for use as therapeutics. Materials and Methods Phages were enriched and purified from a diversity of Salmonella host isolates. Morphology was determined with transmission electron microscopy, host ranges were characterized using an efficiency of plaquing assay, and comparative genomic analysis was performed to determine taxonomy. Results Ten phages were isolated and characterized. Phages showed activity against 23 out of the 24 Salmonella serovars evaluated. Two phages also showed activity against Escherichia coli strain B. Phages belonged to five different genera (Ithacavirus, Gelderlandvirus, Kuttervirus, Tlsvirus, and Epseptimavirus), two established species, and eight novel species. Conclusions The phages described here further demonstrate the diversity of S. enterica phages present in wastewater effluent. This work contributes a collection of characterized phages from eastern Tennessee that may be of use in future phage-based applications targeting S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Bryan
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lauren K. Hudson
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas G. Denes
- Department of Food Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Al-Agamy MH, Radwan HH, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. Statistical optimization of a podoviral anti-MRSA phage CCASU-L10 generated from an under sampled repository: Chicken rinse. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1149848. [PMID: 37065190 PMCID: PMC10102507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1149848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe insurgence of antimicrobial resistance is an imminent health danger globally. A wide range of challenging diseases are attributed to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as it is weaponized with a unique array of virulence factors, and most importantly, the resistance it develops to most of the antibiotics used clinically. On that account, the present study targeted the optimization of the production of a bacteriophage active against MRSA, and evaluating some of its characters.Methods and resultsThe bacteriophage originated from a quite peculiar environmental source, raw chicken rinse and was suggested to belong to Podoviridae, order Caudovirales. It withstood a variety of extreme conditions and yield optimization was accomplished via the D-optimal design by response surface methodology (RSM). A reduced quadratic model was generated, and the ideal production conditions recommended were pH 8, glycerol 0.9% v/v, peptone 0.08% w/v, and 107 CFU/ml as the host inoculum size. These conditions led to a two-log fold increase in the phage titer (1.17x10¹² PFU/ml), as compared to the regular conditions.DiscussionTo conclude, statistical optimization successfully enhanced the output of the podoviral phage titer by two-log fold and therefore, can be regarded as a potential scale-up strategy. The produced phage was able to tolerate extreme environmental condition making it suitable for topical pharmaceutical preparations. Further preclinical and clinical studies are required to ensure its suitability for use in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Mohamed H. Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham H. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, ; Khaled M. Aboshanab,
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Azari R, Yousefi MH, Taghipour Z, Wagemans J, Lavigne R, Hosseinzadeh S, Mazloomi SM, Vallino M, Khalatbari-Limaki S, Berizi E. Application of the lytic bacteriophage Rostam to control Salmonella enteritidis in eggs. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 389:110097. [PMID: 36731200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne Salmonella enteritidis infections place human health at risk, driven by regular outbreaks and individual cases by different contaminated food materials. This study was conducted to characterize and employ a single bacteriophage as a potential biocontrol agent. Phage Rostam was isolated, characterized and then applied as biocontrol agent against S. enteritidis in liquid whole eggs and eggshell. Rostam is a novel myovirus belonging to the Rosemountvirus genus and active against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Rostam is stable in a pH range from 4 to 10, a salt concentration of 1-9 %, whereas UV radiation gradually reduces phage stability, and its 53 kb genome sequence indicates this phage does not contain known toxins or lysogeny-associated genes. Its latent period is short with a burst size of 151 PFU/cell, under standard growth conditions. Killing curves indicate that at higher multiplicities of infection (MOI), the reduction in S. enteritidis count is more pronounced. Phage Rostam (MOI 10,000) reduces S. enteritidis growth to below the detection limit at 4 °C in both liquid whole eggs and on the eggshell within 24 h. Due to its high lytic activity and stability in relevant conditions, Rostam has the potential to be an efficient biopreservative for egg and egg products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Azari
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Yousefi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Taghipour
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Rob Lavigne
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saeid Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mazloomi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marta Vallino
- Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Sepideh Khalatbari-Limaki
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Yang B, Wang Y, Gao L, Rao SQ, Zhou WY, Yang ZQ, Jiao XA, Mintah BK, Dabbour M. Isolation and genomic characterization of Vmp-1 using Vibrio mimicus as the host: A novel virulent bacteriophage capable of cross-species lysis against three Vibrio spp. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105948. [PMID: 36526034 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is a zoonotic pathogen that is widely distributed in aquatic habitats/environments (marine coastal water, estuaries, etc). The development of biocontrol agents for V. mimicus is imperative for the prevention and control of aquatic animal diseases and human food-borne infections. In this study, a broad-spectrum bacteriophage Vmp-1 was isolated from dealt aquatic product in a local market by double-layer agar plate method using V. mimicus CICC21613 as the host bacteria. Results indicated that Vmp-1, which belongs to the family Podoviridae, showed good pH tolerance (pH 3.0-12.0) and thermal stability (30-50 °C). The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Vmp-1 was 0.001 for a 20-min incubation and 100-min lysis period. Vmp-1 effectively controlled V. mimicus CICC21613 in LBS model (MOI = 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1) within 8 h. The full length of the Vmp-1 genome was 43,312 bp, with average GC content of 49.5%, and a total of 44 protein-coding regions. This study provides a novel phage strain that has the highest homology with vB_VpP_HA5 (GenBank: OK585159.1, 95.96%) for the development of biocontrol agents for V. mimicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Sheng-Qi Rao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Wen-Yuan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | | | - Mokhtar Dabbour
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Moshtohor, Qaluobia, Egypt
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Kim S, Chang Y. Anti-Salmonella polyvinyl alcohol coating containing a virulent phage PBSE191 and its application on chicken eggshell. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Cutibacterium acnes Bacteriophages Isolated from Acne Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081041. [PMID: 36009910 PMCID: PMC9404880 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes is a pathogen that can cause acne vulgaris, sarcoidosis, endodontic lesions, eye infections, prosthetic joint infections, and prostate cancer. Recently, bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been developed as an alternative to antibiotics. In this study, we attempted to isolate 15 phages specific to C. acnes from 64 clinical samples obtained from patients with acne vulgaris. Furthermore, we sequenced the genomes of these three phages. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the capsid and tape measure proteins are strongly hydrophobic. To efficiently solubilize the phage particles, we measured the adsorption rate, one-step growth curve, and phage stability using an SMT2 buffer containing Tween 20. Here, we report the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of the novel C. acnes-specific phages.
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Abd-Allah IM, El-Housseiny GS, Alshahrani MY, El-Masry SS, Aboshanab KM, Hassouna NA. An Anti-MRSA Phage From Raw Fish Rinse: Stability Evaluation and Production Optimization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:904531. [PMID: 35656033 PMCID: PMC9152141 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.904531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has denoted the danger of resistance in tenacious organisms like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA, a supple bacterium that adopts a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms, is the cause of multiple life-threatening conditions. Approaching a post-antibiotic era, bacteria-specific natural predators, bacteriophages, are now given the chance to prove eligible for joining the antibacterial weaponry. Considering the foregoing, this study aimed at isolating bacteriophages with promising anti-MRSA lytic activity, followed by characterization and optimization of the production of the bacteriophage with the broadest host range. Five phages were isolated from different environmental sources including the rinse of raw chicken egg, raw milk, and, remarkably, the raw meat rinses of chicken and fish. Examined for lytic activity against a set of 23 MRSA isolates collected from various clinical specimens, all five phages showed relatively broad host ranges with the bacteriophage originally isolated from raw fish rinse showing lytic activity against all the isolates tested. This phage is suggested to be a member of Siphoviridae family, order Caudovirales, as revealed by electron microscopy. It also exhibited good thermal stability and viability at different pH grades. Moreover, it showed reasonable stability against UV light and all viricidal organic solvents tested. Optimization using D-optimal design by response surface methodology was carried out to enhance the phage yield. The optimum conditions suggested by the generated model were a pH value of 7, a carbon source of 0.5% w/v sucrose, and a nitrogen source of 0.1% w/v peptone, at a temperature of 28°C and a bacterial inoculum size of 107 CFU/ml, resulting in a 2 log-fold increase in the produced bacteriophage titer. Overall, the above findings indicate the lytic ability inflicted by this virus on MRSA. Apparently, its stability under some of the extreme conditions tested implies its potential to be a candidate for pharmaceutical formulation as an anti-MRSA therapeutic tool. We hope that bacteriophages could tip the balance in favor of the human front in their battle against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M. Abd-Allah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghadir S. El-Housseiny
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. El-Masry
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. Hassouna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Śliwka P, Ochocka M, Skaradzińska A. Applications of bacteriophages against intracellular bacteria. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:222-239. [PMID: 34428105 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1960481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to both human and animal populations. Intracellular bacteria are a group of pathogens that invade and survive within the interior of eukaryotic cells, which in turn protect them from antibacterial drugs and the host immune system. Limited penetration of antibacterials into host cells results in insufficient bacterial clearance and treatment failure. Bacteriophages have, over the decades, been proved to play an important role in combating bacterial infections (phage therapy), making them an important alternative to classical antibiotic strategies today. Phages have been found to be effective at killing various species of extracellular bacteria, but little is still known about how phages control intracellular infections. With advances in phage genomics and mechanisms of delivery and cell uptake, the development of phage-based antibacterial strategies to address the treatment of intracellular bacteria has general potential. In this review, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the application of bacteriophages against intracellular bacteria. We cover phage deployment against the most common intracellular pathogens with special attention to therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śliwka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Ochocka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Skaradzińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Characterization and Application of a Lytic Phage D10 against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081626. [PMID: 34452490 PMCID: PMC8402666 DOI: 10.3390/v13081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen that is a serious threat to human health. The accelerated development of drug resistance and the increased demand for natural foods invoke new biocontrol agents to limit contamination by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains. In this study, a lytic Salmonella phage named D10 was characterized at the biological and genomic levels. D10 possesses a short latent period (10 min) and a large burst size (163 PFU/cell), as well as adequate stability under a range of pH conditions and moderate thermal tolerance. D10 effectively lysed different MDR Salmonella serovars and repressed their dynamic growth in the medium. Genomic analysis disclosed that D10 is a new member of the Siphoviridae family and lacks the genes implicated in lysogeny, pathogenicity, or antibiotic resistance. A three-ingredient phage cocktail was then developed by mixing D10 with previously identified myovirus D1-2 and podovirus Pu20. The cocktail significantly reduced the count of MDR strains in liquid eggs, regardless of the temperature applied (4 and 25 °C). These results suggest that phage D10 is a promising tool to prevent food contamination by MDR Salmonella.
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Fong K, Wong CW, Wang S, Delaquis P. How Broad Is Enough: The Host Range of Bacteriophages and Its Impact on the Agri-Food Sector. PHAGE 2021; 2:83-91. [PMID: 36148040 PMCID: PMC9041489 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2020.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel bacteriophages (phages) possessing a broad host range are consistently and routinely reported, yet there is presently no consensus on the definition of “broad host range.” As phages are increasingly being used in the development of methods for the detection and biocontrol of human pathogens, it is important to address the limitations associated with the host range. For instance, unanticipated host range breadth may result in the detection of nonpathogenic targets, thereby increasing the false-positive rate. Moreover, a broad host range is generally favored in biocontrol applications despite the risk of undesirable ancillary effects against nontarget species. Here, we discuss the research progress, applications, and implications of broad host range phages with a focus on tailed broad host range phages infecting human pathogens of concern in the Agri-Food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Fong
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, Canada
- Address correspondence to: Karen Fong, PhD, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Postal Box 5000, Summerland BC V0H1Z0, Canada
| | - Catherine W.Y. Wong
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Siyun Wang
- Food, Nutrition and Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, Canada
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Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Malik DJ, Catalá-Gregori P, Marin C, Sevilla-Navarro S. In Vitro and In Vivo Gastrointestinal Survival of Non-Encapsulated and Microencapsulated Salmonella Bacteriophages: Implications for Bacteriophage Therapy in Poultry. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050434. [PMID: 34066346 PMCID: PMC8148174 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic use of bacteriophages is recognized as a viable method to control Salmonella. Microencapsulation of phages in oral dosage forms may protect phages from inherent challenges of the gastrointestinal tract in chickens. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the survival of Salmonella BP FGS011 (non-encapsulated and microencapsulated) through the gastrointestinal tract under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions after oral administration to 1-day-old chicks. To this end, the phage FGS011 was encapsulated in two different pH-responsive formulations with polymers Eudragit® L100, and Eudragit® S100 using the process of spray drying. Phages encapsulated in either of the two formulations were able to survive exposure to the proventriculus-gizzard in vitro conditions whereas free phages did not. Moreover, phages formulated in polymer Eudragit® S100 would be better suited to deliver phage to the caeca in chickens. In the in vivo assay, no statistically significant differences were observed in the phage concentrations across the gastrointestinal tract for either the free phage or the encapsulated phage given to chicks. This suggested that the pH of the proventriculus/gizzard in young chicks is not sufficiently acidic to cause differential phage titre reductions, thereby allowing free phage survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorenzo-Rebenaque
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (P.C.-G.); (S.S.-N.)
| | - Danish J. Malik
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Pablo Catalá-Gregori
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (P.C.-G.); (S.S.-N.)
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentacion Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), 12539 Castellón, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (P.C.-G.); (S.S.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-657506085
| | - Sandra Sevilla-Navarro
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Calle Tirant lo Blanc, 7, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Spain; (L.L.-R.); (P.C.-G.); (S.S.-N.)
- Centro de Calidad Avícola y Alimentacion Animal de la Comunidad Valenciana (CECAV), 12539 Castellón, Spain
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State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 34:34/1/e00129-19. [PMID: 33115723 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 5 years have seen a turning point in the study of the gut microbiota with a rebirth of culture-dependent approaches to study the gut microbiota. High-throughput methods have been developed to study bacterial diversity with culture conditions aimed at mimicking the gut environment by using rich media such as YCFA (yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, fatty acids) and Gifu anaerobic medium in an anaerobic workstation, as well as media enriched with rumen and blood and coculture, to mimic the symbiosis of the gut microbiota. Other culture conditions target phenotypic and metabolic features of bacterial species to facilitate their isolation. Preexisting technologies such as next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry have also been utilized to develop innovative methods to isolate previously uncultured bacteria or explore viability in samples of interest. These techniques have been applied to isolate CPR (Candidate Phyla Radiation) among other, more classic approaches. Methanogenic archaeal and fungal cultures present different challenges than bacterial cultures. Efforts to improve the available systems to grow archaea have been successful through coculture systems. For fungi that are more easily isolated from the human microbiota, the challenge resides in the identification of the isolates, which has been approached by applying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry technology to fungi. Bacteriotherapy represents a nonnegligible avenue in the future of medicine to correct dysbiosis and improve health or response to therapy. Although great strides have been achieved in the last 5 years, efforts in bacterial culture need to be sustained to continue deciphering the dark matter of metagenomics, particularly CPR, and extend these methods to archaea and fungi.
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Kim S, Lee DW, Jin JS, Kim J. Antimicrobial activity of LysSS, a novel phage endolysin, against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 22:32-39. [PMID: 32006750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a major public-health concern. Bacteriophage endolysins (lysins) can be used as novel antimicrobial agents against bacterial infections. In this study, a novel endolysin (LysSS) containing a lysozyme-like domain was evaluated for its antibacterial activity against various species of bacteria. METHODS The LysSS-encoding gene was analyzed and cloned and the LysSS recombinant protein was expressed and purified. Purified LysSS was used to determine its antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species in vitro and to measure its protection rate against Acinetobacter baumannii systemic infection in an in vivo murine model. RESULTS Recombinant LysSS showed activity against MDR A. baumannii, MDR Escherichia coli, MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella sp. without pre-treatment with an outer membrane permeabiliser. Moreover, LysSS inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LysSS against 16 MDR A. baumannii strains ranged from 0.063-0.25mg/mL. LysSS had no cytotoxic effect on A549 human lung cells below 250μg/mL. In an animal model, mice infected with A. baumannii were protected (40% survival rate with 125μg LysSS) by intraperitoneal injection of LysSS. CONCLUSION The current results demonstrate that LysSS may be a novel and promising antimicrobial agent against MRSA and MDR Gram-negative bacteria, including A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Won Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Jin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Liu A, Liu Y, Peng L, Cai X, Shen L, Duan M, Ning Y, Liu S, Li C, Liu Y, Chen H, Wu W, Wang X, Hu B, Li C. Characterization of the narrow-spectrum bacteriophage LSE7621 towards Salmonella Enteritidis and its biocontrol potential on lettuce and tofu. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lytic KFS-SE2 phage as a novel bio-receptor for Salmonella Enteritidis detection. J Microbiol 2019; 57:170-179. [PMID: 30706346 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-019-8610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since Salmonella Enteritidis is one of the major foodborne pathogens, on-site applicable rapid detection methods have been required for its control. The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify S. Enteritidis-specific phage (KFS-SE2 phage) from an eel farm and to investigate its feasibility as a novel, efficient, and reliable bio-receptor for its employment. KFS-SE2 phage was successfully isolated at a high concentration of (2.31 ± 0.43) × 1011 PFU/ml, and consisted of an icosahedral head of 65.44 ± 10.08 nm with a non-contractile tail of 135.21 ± 12.41 nm. The morphological and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that it belongs to the Pis4avirus genus in the family of Siphoviridae. KFS-SE2 genome consisted of 48,608 bp with 45.7% of GC content. Genome analysis represented KFS-SE2 to have distinctive characteristics as a novel phage. Comparative analysis of KFS-SE2 phage with closely related strains confirmed its novelty by the presence of unique proteins. KFS-SE2 phage exhibited excellent specificity to S. Enteritidis and was stable under the temperature range of 4 to 50°C and pH of 3 to 11 (P < 0.05). The latent time was determined to be 20 min. Overall, a new lytic KFS-SE2 phage was successfully isolated from the environment at a high concentration and the excellent feasibility of KFS-SE2 phage was demonstrated as a new bio-receptor for S. Enteritidis detection.
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