Gramella fulva sp. nov., isolated from a dry surface of tidal flat

Gramella oceanisediminis sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain GC03-9^T, which was isolated from deep-sea sediment of the Indian Ocean. The bacterium was Gram-stain-negative, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped and gliding motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 0-9 % and at temperatures of 10-42 °C. The isolate could degrade gelatin and aesculin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain GC03-9^T belonged to the genus Gramella, with the highest sequence similarity to Gramella bathymodioli JCM 33424^T (97.9 %), followed by Gramella jeungdoensis KCTC 23123^T (97.2 %) and other species of the genus Gramella (93.4-96.3 %). The average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate values between strain GC03-9^T and G. bathymodioli JCM 33424^T and G. jeungdoensis KCTC 23123^T were 25.1 and 18.7 % and 82.47 and 75.69 %, respectively. The principal fatty acids were iso-C_15 : 0 (28.0 %), iso-C_17 : 0 3OH (13.4 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C_17 : 1  ω9c and/or 10-methyl C_16 : 0; 13.3 %) and summed feature 3 (C_16 : 1  ω7c and/or C_16 : 1  ω6c; 11.0 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 41.17 mol%. The respiratory quinone was determined to be menaquinone-6 (100 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown phospholipid, three unknown aminolipids and two unknown polar lipids were present. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that strain GC03-9^T represents a novel species within the genus Gramella, for which the name Gramella oceanisediminis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain GC03-9^T (=MCCC M25440^T=KCTC 92235^T).

Gramella sediminis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea

A novel species of the genus Gramella , designated ASW11-100T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment in the Yellow Sea, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and single-copy orthologous clusters revealed that strain ASW11-100T belonged to the genus Gramella , and exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.9, 98.8 and 98.7 % to Gramella sabulilitoris HSMS-1T, Gramella sediminilitoris GHTF-27T and Gramella forsetii KT0803T, respectively. The genome of strain ASW11-100T harbours 2950 protein-coding genes and 105 carbohydrate-active enzymes including 38 glycoside hydrolases. Seventeen of the glycoside hydrolases are organized in five distinct polysaccharide utilization loci, which are predicted to involve in the degradation of starch, glucans, arabinoxylans, arabinomannan, arabinans and arabinogalactans. The genomic DNA G+C content was 37.3 mol%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values between strain ASW11-100T and its closely related relatives were in ranges of 19.8–23.9% and 76.6–80.9 %, respectively. Cells of the isolate were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated and short rod-shaped. Carotenoid pigments were produced, but flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1  ω6c and/or C16 : 1  ω7c). The sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone-6 and the major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the above polyphasic evidence, strain ASW11-100T should be considered to represent a novel Gramella species, for which the name Gramella sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ASW11-100T (=KCTC 82502T=MCCC 1K05580T).

Pyomelanin-Producing Brevundimonas vitisensis sp. nov., Isolated From Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

A novel endophytic bacterial strain, designated GR-TSA-9^T, was isolated from surface-sterilized grape (Vitis vinifera L.). 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was grouped within the genus Brevundimonas, displaying the highest similarity with Brevundimonas lenta DS-18^T (97.9%) and Brevundimonas kwangchunensis KSL-102^T (97.8%) and less than 97.5% similarity with other members of Brevundimonas. The strain GR-TSA-9^T was a gram negative, rod shaped, facultatively anaerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, and motile bacterium. Its growth occurred at 10–37°C (optimally 25–30°C), at pH 7.0–8.0, and in NaCl 0–1% (optimally 0%). It contained ubiquinone-10 as a respiratory quinone, and the major cellular fatty acids (>10% of the total) were C_16:0 (14.2%) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c, 65.6%). The polar lipids present in the strain were phosphoglycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol, 1,2-di-O-acyl-3-O-[d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranuronosyl]glycerol, and unidentified lipids (L1, L2, and L4). The strain had one 2,976,716bp circular chromosome with a G+C content of 66.4%. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain GR-TSA-9^T and B. lenta DS-18^T was 20.9%, while the average nucleotide identity value was 76.7%. In addition, the dDDH and ANI values to other members in this genus, whose genome sequences are available, are less than 21.1 and 77.6%. Genome annotation predicted the presence of some gene clusters related to tyrosine degradation and pyomelanin formation. Strain GR-TSA-9^T produced a brown melanin-like pigment in the presence of L-tyrosine-containing media. The highest pigment production (0.19g/L) was observed in tryptic soy broth with 1.0mg/ml L-tyrosine at 25°C for 6days of culture. Biophysical characterization by ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed that the pigment was pyomelanin. Additionally, melanized GR-TSA-9^T cells could protect the cells against UVC exposure. The phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic features indicated that strain GR-TSA-9^T represents a novel melanin-producing species of Brevundimonas. The type strain was GR-TSA-9^T (KCTC 82386^T=CGMCC 1.18820^T).

Peribacillus faecalis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the faeces of a cow

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, endospore-forming, rod-shaped strain, AGMB 02131^T, which grew at 20-40 °C (optimum 30 °C), pH 3.0-11.0 (optimum pH 4.0) and in the presence of 0-18 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 10 %), was isolated from a cow faecal sample and identified as a novel strain using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences along with the whole genome (92 core gene sets) revealed that AGMB 02131^T formed a group within the genus Peribacillus, and showed the highest sequence similarity with Peribacillus endoradicis DSM 28131^T (96.9 %), following by Peribacillus butanolivorans DSM 18926^T (96.6 %). The genome of AGMB 02131^T comprised 70 contigs, the chromosome length was 4 038 965 bp and it had a 38.5 % DNA G+C content. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization revealed that AGMB 02131^T displayed 21.4 % genomic DNA relatedness with the most closely related strain, P. butanolivorans DSM 18926^T. AGMB 02131^T contains all of the conserved signature indels that are specific for members of the genus Peribacillus. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of AGMB 02131^T were C_18 : 1ω9c, C_18:0 and C_16 : 0. The major polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic features, AGMB 02131^T represents a novel species of the genus Peribacillus, for which the name Peribacillus faecalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AGMB 02131^T (=KCTC 43221^T=CCTCC AB 2020077^T).

Neobacillus endophyticus sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Selaginella involvens roots

A Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative strain designated as BRMEA1^T was isolated from the surface-sterilized Selaginella involvens roots. Growth of strain BRMEA1^T was found to occur at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), 15-50 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BRMEA1^T formed a lineage within the genus Neobacillus (family Bacillaceae) and showed the highest sequence similarity to Neobacillus drentensis DSM 15600^T (98.3 %) and Neobacillus fumarioli KCTC 13885^T (98.2 %), and less than 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the other members of the genus Neobacillus. Whole-genome analysis of strain BRMEA1^T comprised a circular chromosome (5 632 809 bp in size) with 38.5 mol% G+C content. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization analyses revealed that strain BRMEA1^T showed 20.5 and 22.0% genomic DNA relatedness with the closest species, N. drentensis DSM 15600^T and N. fumarioli KCTC 13885^T, respectively. The whole-genome sequence of strain BRMEA1^T showed the presence of 11 specific conserved signature indels for the genus Neobacillus. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) of strain BRMEA1^T were found to be iso-C_15 : 0 and anteiso-C_15 : 0, while the major polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Polyphasic analysis results revealed that BRMEA1^T represents a novel species of the genus Neobacillus, with the proposed name Neobacillus endophyticus sp. nov. The type strain is BRMEA1^T (=KCTC 43208^T=CCTCC AB 2020071^T).