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Mohanta YK, Nayak D, Mishra AK, Chakrabartty I, Ray MK, Mohanta TK, Tayung K, Rajaganesh R, Vasanthakumaran M, Muthupandian S, Murugan K, Sharma G, Dahms HU, Hwang JS. Green Synthesis of Endolichenic Fungi Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles: The Role in Antimicrobial, Anti-Cancer, and Mosquitocidal Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810626. [PMID: 36142546 PMCID: PMC9502095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Green nanotechnology is currently a very crucial and indispensable technology for handling diverse problems regarding the living planet. The concoction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has opened new insights in cancer therapy. The current investigation caters to the concept of the involvement of a novel eco-friendly avenue to produce AgNPs employing the wild endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus. The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs were evaluated with the aid of UV visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs (TF-AgNPs) exhibited hemo-compatibility as evidenced by a hemolytic assay. Further, they were evaluated for their efficacy against foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, and Micrococcus luteus and nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains. The synthesized TF-AgNPs displayed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells and eventually condensed the chromatin material observed through the Hoechst 33342 stain. Subsequent analysis using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy provided the inference of a possible role of intracellular ROS (OH−, O−, H2O2, and O2−) radicals in the destruction of mitochondria, DNA machinery, the nucleus, and overall damage of the cellular machinery of breast cancerous cells. The combined effect of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis and TF-AgNPS for the larval management of dengue vectors were provided. A promising larval control was evident after the conjunction of both predatory organisms and bio-fabricated nanoparticles. Thus, this study provides a novel, cost-effective, extracellular approach of TF-AgNPs production with hemo-compatible, antioxidant, and antimicrobial efficacy against both human and foodborne pathogens with cytotoxicity (dose dependent) towards MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Wildlife and Biodiversity Conservation, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Manjit Kumar Ray
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Kumananda Tayung
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India
| | | | | | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, Chennai, India
| | - Kadarkarai Murugan
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gouridutta Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, Meghalaya, India
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-U.D.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-U.D.); (J.-S.H.)
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Group B Streptococcus CAMP Factor Does Not Contribute to Interactions with the Vaginal Epithelium and Is Dispensable for Vaginal Colonization in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0105821. [PMID: 34908468 PMCID: PMC8672899 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01058-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal bacterial infections, preterm birth, and stillbirth. Although maternal GBS vaginal colonization is a risk factor for GBS-associated adverse birth outcomes, mechanisms promoting GBS vaginal persistence are not fully defined. GBS possesses a broadly conserved small molecule, CAMP factor, that is co-hemolytic in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus sphingomyelinase C. While this co-hemolytic reaction is commonly used by clinical laboratories to identify GBS, the contribution of CAMP factor to GBS vaginal persistence is unknown. Using in vitro biofilm, adherence and invasion assays with immortalized human vaginal epithelial VK2 cells, and a mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization, we tested the contribution of CAMP factor using GBS strain COH1 and its isogenic CAMP-deficient mutant (Δcfb). We found no evidence for CAMP factor involvement in GBS biofilm formation, or adherence, invasion, or cytotoxicity toward VK2 cells in the presence or absence of S. aureus. Additionally, there was no difference in vaginal burdens or persistence between COH1 and Δcfb strains in a murine colonization model. In summary, our results using in vitro human cell lines and murine models do not support a critical role for CAMP factor in promoting GBS vaginal colonization. IMPORTANCE Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a pervasive pathogen for pregnant women and their newborns. Maternal screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to GBS-positive mothers have reduced, but not eliminated GBS neonatal disease, and have not impacted GBS-associated preterm birth or stillbirth. Additionally, this antibiotic exposure is associated with adverse effects on the maternal and neonatal microbiota. Identifying key GBS factors important for maternal vaginal colonization will foster development of more targeted, alternative therapies to antibiotic treatment. Here, we investigate the contribution of a broadly conserved GBS determinant, CAMP factor, to GBS vaginal colonization and find that CAMP factor is unlikely to be a biological target to control maternal GBS colonization.
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