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Li J, Jiang Q, Jiang J, Jiang R. Mode of cell death in the penile cavernous tissue of type 1 diabetes mellitus rats. J Sex Med 2024:qdae067. [PMID: 38972660 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus commonly causes endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell death in penile cavernous tissue. AIM The study sought to study the mode of cell death in the penile cavernous tissue in type 1 diabetic rats. METHODS A total of 36 Sprague Dawley rats 10 weeks of age were randomly divided into 2 groups: a normoglycemic group and type 1 diabetic group (intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), 60 mg/kg). We randomly selected 6 rats from each group for tests at the end of 11, 14, and 18 weeks of age, respectively. All rats were able to eat and drink freely. The ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure, concentration of serum testosterone, level of nitric oxide in the penile cavernosum, and expression of active caspase-1 (pyroptosis) and active caspase-3 (apoptosis) were determined. OUTCOMES At the end of weeks 4 and 8 of type 1 diabetes, the proportions of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells undergoing apoptosis and pyroptosis in penile cavernous tissue are different. RESULTS The ratio of maximum intracavernous pressure to mean arterial pressure and nitric oxide levels were significantly lower in the 4- and 8-week diabetic groups than in the normoglycemic group (P < .01). Penile endothelial cell pyroptosis (5.67 ± 0.81%), smooth muscle cell apoptosis (23.72 ± 0.48%), total cell pyroptosis (9.67 ± 0.73%), and total apoptosis (10.52 ± 1.45%) were significantly greater in the 4-week diabetic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < .01). The proportion of endothelial cell pyroptosis (24.4 ± 3.69%), endothelial cell apoptosis (22.13 ± 2.43%), total cell pyroptosis (14.75 ± 0.93%), and total apoptosis (14.82 ± 1.08%) in the penile tissues of the 8-week diabetic group were significantly greater than those in the normoglycemic group (P < .01).The 8-week survival proportions of diabetic endothelial cells (38.86 ± 8.85%) and smooth muscle cells (44.46 ± 2.94%) was significantly lower than the 4-week survival proportions of endothelial cells (93.17 ± 8.07%) and smooth muscle cells (75.12 ± 4.76%) (P < .05). CLINICAL TRANSLATION Inhibition of cell death by different methods at different stages may be the key to the treatment of type 1 diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS The effect of type 1 diabetes on other types of cell death in penile cavernous tissue needs further study. CONCLUSION The mode of death of endothelial cells in the cavernous tissue of the penis in the early stage in diabetic rats is dominated by pyroptosis, and the death of smooth muscle cells is dominated by apoptosis. Endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell death are not consistent at different stages of diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qilan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest medical University, Taiping Road, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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Chen Y, Jiang Q, Qing F, Xue J, Xiao Q, He W, Sui L, Liu Z. MDA5 Enhances Invasive Candida albicans Infection by Regulating Macrophage Apoptosis and Phagocytosis/Killing Functions. Inflammation 2024; 47:191-208. [PMID: 37740789 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogenic fungus. The innate immune system provides the first-line host defense against fungal infection. Innate immune receptors and downstream molecules have been shown to play various roles during fungal infection. The innate immune receptor MDA5, encoded by the gene Ifih1, enhances host resistance against viral and Aspergillus fumigatus infection by inducing the production of interferons (IFNs). However, the role of MDA5 in C. albicans infection is still unclear. Here, we found that the gene expression levels of IFIH1 were significantly increased in innate immune cells after C. albicans stimulation through human bioinformatics analysis or mouse experiments. Through in vivo study, MDA5 was shown to enhance host susceptibility to C. albicans infection independent of IFN production. Instead, MDA5 exerted its influence on macrophages and kidneys by modulating the expression of Noxa, Bcl2, and Bax, thereby promoting apoptosis. Additionally, MDA5 compromised killing capabilities of macrophage by inhibition iNOS expression. The introduction of the apoptosis inducer PAC1 further impaired macrophage functions, mimicking the enhancing effect of MDA5 on C. albicans infection. Furthermore, the administration of macrophage scavengers increased the susceptibility of Ifih1-/- mice to C. albicans. The founding suggests that MDA5 promote host susceptibility to invasive C. albicans by enhancing cell apoptosis and compromising macrophage functions, making MDA5 a target to treat candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Chen
- School of Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- School of Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Nursing, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Furong Qing
- School of Graduate, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Junxia Xue
- School of Graduate, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Qiuxiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Wenji He
- School of Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Lina Sui
- School of Graduate, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China
| | - Zhiping Liu
- School of Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
- Center for Scientific Research, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
- Center for Immunology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, 341000, China.
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Zhang L, Yang J, Li H, Zhang Z, Ji Z, Zhao L, Wei W. Enterovirus D68 Infection Induces TDP-43 Cleavage, Aggregation, and Neurotoxicity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0042523. [PMID: 37039659 PMCID: PMC10134869 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00425-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), which causes severe respiratory diseases and irreversible central nervous system damage, has become a serious public health problem worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which EV-D68 exerts neurotoxicity remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the effects of EV-D68 infection on the cleavage, subcellular translocation, and pathogenic aggregation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) in respiratory or neural cells. The results showed that EV-D68-encoded proteases 2A and 3C induced TDP-43 translocation and cleavage, respectively. Specifically, 3C cleaved residue 327Q of TDP-43. The 3C-mediated cleaved TDP-43 fragments had substantially decreased protein solubility compared with the wild-type TDP-43. Hence, 3C activity promoted TDP-43 aggregation, which exerted cytotoxicity to diverse human cells, including glioblastoma T98G cells. The effects of commercially available antiviral drugs on 3C-mediated TDP-43 cleavage were screened, and the results revealed lopinavir as a potent inhibitor of EV-D68 3C protease. Overall, these results suggested TDP-43 as a conserved host target of EV-D68 3C. This study is the first to provide evidence on the involvement of TDP-43 dysregulation in EV-D68 pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Over the past decade, the incidence of enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infection has increased worldwide. EV-D68 infection can cause different respiratory symptoms and severe neurological complications, including acute flaccid myelitis. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms underlying EV-D68 toxicity is important to develop novel methods to prevent EV-D68 infection-associated diseases. This study shows that EV-D68 infection triggers the translocalization, cleavage, and aggregation of TDP-43, an intracellular protein closely related to degenerative neurological disorders. The viral protease 3C decreased TDP-43 solubility, thereby exerting cytotoxicity to host cells, including human glioblastoma cells. Thus, counteracting 3C activity is an effective strategy to relieve EV-D68-triggered cell death. Cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 is a hallmark of degenerative diseases, contributing to neural cell damage and central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The findings of this study on EV-D68-induced TDP-43 formation extend our understanding of virus-mediated cytotoxicity and the potential risks of TDP-43 dysfunction-related cognitive impairment and neurological symptoms in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhilin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lirong Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang S, Qiao J, Chen Y, Tian L, Sun X. Urolithin A inhibits enterovirus 71 replication and promotes autophagy and apoptosis of infected cells in vitro. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1989-1997. [PMID: 35790643 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious threat to the health of infants, and it can be caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71). The clinical symptoms are mostly self-limiting, but some infections develop into aseptic meningitis with poor prognosis and even death. In this study, urolithin A (UroA), an intestinal metabolite of ellagic acid, significantly inhibited the replication of EV71 in cells. Further evaluation showed that UroA was better than ribavirin in terms of its 50% cytopathic concentration (CC50), 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), and selectivity index. Moreover, UroA inhibited the proliferation of EV71 by promoting autophagy and apoptosis of infected cells. Therefore, UroA is a candidate drug for the treatment of EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, Zunyi, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Junhua Qiao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Langfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease & Biosafety, Provincial Department of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, 563003, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, 563003, Zunyi, China.
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Su Y, Wu T, Yu XY, Huo WB, Wang SH, Huan C, Liu YM, Liu JM, Cui MN, Li XH, Yu JH. Inhibitory effect of tanshinone IIA, resveratrol and silibinin on enterovirus 68 production through inhibiting ATM and DNA-PK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:153977. [PMID: 35305353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human enterovirus 68 (EV68) is a primary etiological agent for respiratory illnesses, while no effective drug has yet used in clinics largely because the pathogenesis of EV68 is not clear. DNA damage response (DDR) responds to cellular DNA breaks and is also involved in viral replication. Three DDR pathways includes ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ATM and Rad3-related (ATR), and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Natural products proved to be an excellent source for the discovery and isolation of novel antivirals. Among them, tanshinone IIA, resveratrol, silibinin, rutin and quercetin are reported to target DDR, therefore their roles in anti-EV68 are investigated in this study. PURPOSE This study investigated the anti-EV68 ability of various natural compounds related to DDR. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The methods include cell counting, flow cytometry, western blot, Immunofluorescence staining, comet assays, quantitative real-time RT PCR and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for analysis of cell number, cell cycle, protein expression, protein location, DNA damage, mRNA level and knock down target gene, respectively. RESULTS EV68 infection induced DDR. Down-regulation or inhibition of ATM or DNA-PK lowered DDR in EV68-infected cells and mitigated viral protein expression, however, down-regulation or inhibition of ATR unexpectedly up-regulated DDR, and promoted viral protein expression. Meanwhile tanshinone IIA, resveratrol, and silibinin inhibited ATM and/or DNA-PK activation and decreased viral proliferation, while rutin and quercetin inhibited ATR activation and promoted viral production. The role of them in ATM, DNA-PK and ATR activation was consistent with previous reports. CONCLUSION Tanshinone IIA, resveratrol and silibinin inhibited EV68 proliferation through inhibiting ATM and/or DNA-PK activation, and they were effective anti-EV68 candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Bo Huo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Huan
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Meng Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin-Ming Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min-Na Cui
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Hua Li
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Hua Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Gao A, Tang H, Zhang Q, Liu R, Wang L, Liu Y, Qi Z, Shen Y. Mst1/2-ALK promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell apoptosis during Listeria monocytogenes infection. J Microbiol 2021; 59:681-692. [PMID: 33877580 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a Gram-positive intracellular foodborne pathogen that causes severe diseases, such as meningitis and sepsis. The NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been reported to participate in host defense against pathogen infection. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying NLRP3 inflammasome activation remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the roles of mammalian Ste20-like kinases 1/2 (Mst1/2) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induced by L. monocytogenes infection were investigated. The expression levels of Mst1/2, phospho (p)-ALK, p-JNK, Nek7, and NLRP3 downstream molecules including activated cas-pase-1 (p20) and mature interleukin (IL)-1β (p17), were up-regulated in L. monocytogenes-infected macrophages. The ALK inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of p-JNK, Nek7, and NLRP3 downstream molecules in macrophages infected with L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, the Mst1/2 inhibitor markedly inhibited the L. monocytogenes-induced activation of ALK, subsequently downregulating the expression of p-JNK, Nek7, and NLRP3 downstream molecules. Therefore, our study demonstrated that Mst1/2-ALK mediated the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting the interaction between Nek7 and NLRP3 via JNK during L. monocytogenes infection, which subsequently increased the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokine to resist pathogen infection. Moreover, Listeriolysin O played a key role in the process. In addition, we also found that the L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis of J774A.1 cells was reduced by the Mst1/2 or ALK inhibitor. The present study reported, for the first time, that the Mst1/2-ALK-JNK-NLRP3 signaling pathway plays a vital proinflammatory role during L. monocytogenes infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijiao Gao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Tang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China
| | - Yashan Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, P. R. China.
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