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Alvarez-Elizondo MB, Weihs D. Breast cancer stem cells: mechanobiology reveals highly invasive cancer cell subpopulations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:134. [PMID: 35171381 PMCID: PMC11072724 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are a typically small subpopulation of highly tumorigenic cells that can self-renew, differentiate, drive tumor progression, and may mediate drug resistance and metastasis. Metastasis driving CSCs are expected to be highly invasive. To determine the relative invasiveness of CSCs, we isolate distinct subpopulations in the metastatic, MDA-MB-231 breast-cancer cell line, identified by the stem-cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44. We determine CSC-subpopulation invasiveness levels using our rapid (2 h) mechanobiology-based assay. Specifically, invasive cells forcefully push and indent the surface of physiological-stiffness synthetic gels to cell-scale depths, where the percentage of indenting cells and their attained depths have previously provided clinically relevant predictions of the metastatic risk in different cancer types. We observe that the small (3.2%) CD44+ALDH+ cell-subpopulation indents more and attains significantly deeper depths (65% indenting to 6 ± 0.3 µm) relative to CD44+ALDH-, CD44-ALDH-, CD44-ALDH+ cells, and the whole-sample control (with 18-44% indenting cells reaching average depths of 4.4-5 µm). The CD44+ALDH+ similarly demonstrates twofold higher migratory capacity in Boyden chambers. The higher invasiveness of CD44+ALDH+ cells reveals their likely role in facilitating disease progression, providing prognostic markers for increased risk of recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Weihs
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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2
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Biglycan Promotes Cancer Stem Cell Properties, NFκB Signaling and Metastatic Potential in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020455. [PMID: 35053617 PMCID: PMC8773822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small sub-population of cells within tumors with high metastatic potential. We identified biglycan (BGN) as a prospective molecular target in BCSCs that regulates the aggressive phenotypes of these cells. These findings establish a foundation for the development of therapeutics against BGN to eliminate BCSCs and prevent metastatic breast cancer. Abstract It is a major challenge to treat metastasis due to the presence of heterogenous BCSCs. Therefore, it is important to identify new molecular targets and their underlying molecular mechanisms in various BCSCs to improve treatment of breast cancer metastasis. Here, we performed RNA sequencing on two distinct co-existing BCSC populations, ALDH+ and CD29hi CD61+ from PyMT mammary tumor cells and detected upregulation of biglycan (BGN) in these BCSCs. Genetic depletion of BGN reduced BCSC proportions and tumorsphere formation. Furthermore, BCSC associated aggressive traits such as migration and invasion were significantly reduced by depletion of BGN. Glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic assays also revealed that BCSCs exhibited decreased metabolism upon loss of BGN. BCSCs showed decreased activation of the NFκB transcription factor, p65, and phospho-IκB levels upon BGN ablation, indicating regulation of NFκB pathway by BGN. To further support our data, we also characterized CD24−/CD44+ BCSCs from human luminal MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These CD24−/CD44+ BCSCs similarly exhibited reduced tumorigenic phenotypes, metabolism and attenuation of NFκB pathway after knockdown of BGN. Finally, loss of BGN in ALDH+ and CD29hi CD61+ BCSCs showed decreased metastatic potential, suggesting BGN serves as an important therapeutic target in BCSCs for treating metastasis of breast cancer.
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3
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Zhang T, Zhou H, Wang K, Wang X, Wang M, Zhao W, Xi X, Li Y, Cai M, Zhao W, Xu Y, Shao R. Role, molecular mechanism and the potential target of breast cancer stem cells in breast cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112616. [PMID: 35008001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women globally, and its occurrence has surpassed lung cancer and become the biggest threat for women. At present, breast cancer treatment includes surgical resection or postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor relapse and metastasis usually lead to current therapy failure thanks to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs)-mediated tumorigenicity and drug resistance. Drug resistance is mainly due to the long-term quiescent G0 phase, strong DNA repairability, and high expression of ABC transporter, and the tumorigenicity is reflected in the activation of various proliferation pathways related to BCSCs. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of BCSCs and their intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted drugs for BCSCs. To this end, we discussed the latest developments in BCSCs research, focusing on the analysis of specific markers, critical signaling pathways that maintain the stemness of BCSCs,such as NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, STAT3, Hedgehog, and Hippo-YAP signaling, immunomicroenviroment and summarizes targeting therapy strategies for stemness maintenance and differentiation, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of treating breast cancer and preventing relapse derived from BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meilian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rongguang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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4
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Guan X, Dong Y, Fan Z, Zhan Y, Xie X, Xu G, Zhang Y, Guo G, Shi A. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases is an independent prognostic factor in ALDH1-positive breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211047279. [PMID: 34644211 PMCID: PMC8642120 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211047279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases in patients with breast cancer is associated with poor clinical prognosis. Methods This retrospective study reviewed data from the medical records of patients with immunohistochemistry-confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 1–3 metastatic lymph nodes in the ipsilateral axilla between December 2012 and July 2015. The association between ALDH1 immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases and clinical parameters and prognosis was analysed using χ2-test, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results A total of 229 patients with IDC were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up was 61 months (range, 20–89 months). Patients with ALDH1-positive axillary lymph node metastases had significantly shorter relapse-free survival and overall survival compared with those with ALDH1-negative axillary lymph node metastases. ALDH1 immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases was a significant predictor of poor prognosis in univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusion This large study with long-term follow-up suggests that ALDH1 immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The clinical relevance of this finding should be confirmed in further well-designed prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Dong
- The Second Breast Surgery Department, 377382Jilin Cancer Hospital, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhimin Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Zhan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinpeng Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Aiping Shi
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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5
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Breast cancer stem cells: A fallow research ground in Africa. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153118. [PMID: 32853953 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Lathia J, Liu H, Matei D. The Clinical Impact of Cancer Stem Cells. Oncologist 2019; 25:123-131. [PMID: 32043793 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer can go though many stages in their disease, including diagnosis, recurrence, metastasis, and treatment failure. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells within tumors that may explain the mechanism by which tumors recur and progress. CSCs can both self-renew and produce progenitor cells of more differentiated cancer cells as well as heterogeneously demonstrate resistance and the abilities to migrate and metastasize. These "stemness" characteristics are often the result of dysregulation of one or more pathways, which can be detected by various biomarkers. Although there has been considerable laboratory research conducted on CSCs, its relevance to the practicing oncologist may seem questionable. We sought to determine the clinical impact of CSCs on patients. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify analyses containing survival information based on the expression of known CSC biomarkers in any cancer. Overall, 234 survival analyses were identified, of which 82% reported that high expression of CSC biomarker(s) resulted in poor overall survival and/or disease-free survival compared with low or no expression of the biomarker. Elevated stemness biomarker levels were also associated with decreased tumor differentiation, altered TNM stage, and increased metastasis. This analysis would suggest that CSCs have a clinical impact on patients and that practicing oncologists need to start considering incorporating CSC-targeting therapies into their patients' treatment regimens. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may occur at any stage of cancer and are implicated in the occurrence of resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. A systematic literature analysis has shown that the presence of CSCs, identified via the upregulation of stemness pathway biomarkers, results in reduced survival across all cancers studied. Several CSC-targeting agents are currently approved, and several others are in clinical trials. Future treatment regimens will likely include CSC-targeting agents to enable the elimination of these holdouts to current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Lathia
- Cancer Impact Area, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Ishibashi N, Nishimaki H, Maebayashi T, Hata M, Adachi K, Sakurai K, Masuda S, Okada M. Changes in the Ki-67 labeling index between primary breast cancer and metachronous metastatic axillary lymph node: A retrospective observational study. Thorac Cancer 2018; 10:96-102. [PMID: 30375185 PMCID: PMC6312845 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) is a well-known prognostic factor for primary breast cancer, but its clinical significance for metachronous axillary lymph node (ALN) recurrence has not been well documented. METHODS Ki-67 expression in primary tumors (PTs) and ALN metastases (ALNMs) was evaluated in 21 patients and quantified to investigate the relationship between Ki-67 LIs in PTs and metachronous ALNMs. RESULTS The median Ki-67 LIs in the PTs and ALNMs were 25.2% (range: 2.3-80.2%) and 70% (range: 10.4-97.4%), respectively. A majority of patients had higher Ki-67 LIs in ALNMs than in PTs (76.2%, 16/21). Disease-specific survival was significantly better in patients with a lower-than-median ALNM Ki-67 LI (P = 0.019, log-rank test). Receiver operating characteristic curves showed a PT Ki-67 LI of 62.8% as the optimal cutoff value and an ALNM Ki-67 LI of 65.1%. Accordingly, we divided the patients into four groups: PT Ki-67 LI lower than 62.8%/ALNM Ki-67 LI lower than 65.1%, PT Ki-67 LI lower/ALNM Ki-67 LI higher, PT Ki-67 LI higher/ALNM Ki-67 LI higher, and PT Ki-67 LI higher/ALNM Ki-67 LI lower. Disease-specific survival was significantly better in patients with Ki-67 LI lower/ALNM Ki-67 LI lower than in the other groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that the Ki-67 LI in metachronous ALNM is a prognostic factor for patients with metachronous ALN recurrence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Ishibashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Nishimaki
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Maebayashi
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keita Adachi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okada
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Clinicopathological significance of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and ALDH1 expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2018; 25:698-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Chen H, Zhang ZQ, Zhao B, Ning WL, Wang XY, Zhou F. Clinical significance of ALDH1 combined with DAPI expression in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4878-4882. [PMID: 29085496 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma is the most common type of tumor, with the incidence in China accounting for 50% of cases worldwide and the majority of patients not surviving due to tumor recurrence. According to the cancer stem cell theory, tumor development and recurrence is due to the excitation of a cancer stem cell. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an appropriate marker for cancer stem cells and the present study aimed at determining the function of ALDH1 in human esophageal carcinoma. Indirect fluorescence antibody staining was used to investigate the association between the level of ALDH1 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters, including sex, age, vein invasion, degree of tumor cell differentiation and clinical stage. DAPI was used to stain the nuclei of tumor cells and exclude non-tumor cells. The results of the present study revealed that ALDH1 expression was associated with the level of tumor cell differentiation, tumor-node-metastasis stage and lymphatic invasion. In addition, increased expression of ALDH1 was identified in esophageal carcinoma tissues compared with in healthy esophageal tissues. Therefore, ALDH1 may be used as a parameter for the pathology of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Center of Individualized Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhang
- Department of First General Surgery, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150010, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang 154000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Ning
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yan Wang
- Department of Public Health, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Second General Surgery, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161005, P.R. China.,Harbin Medical University Clinical Post-Doctor, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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10
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Li W, Ma H, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wang C, Yang Y. Unraveling the roles of CD44/CD24 and ALDH1 as cancer stem cell markers in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13856. [PMID: 29062075 PMCID: PMC5653849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD44/CD24 and ALDH1 are widely used cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in breast cancer. However, their expression is not always consistent even in the same subtype of breast cancer. Systematic comparison of their functions is still lacking. We investigated the expression of CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 in different subtypes of breast cancer cells, and explored their relationship with cancer progression. We defined a parameter CD44/CD24 ratio to present the expression level of CD44 and CD24 and found that high CD44/CD24 ratio and ALDH1+ are both indicators for cancer malignancy, but play different functions during tumor progression. High CD44/CD24 ratio is more related to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, which is confirmed by mammosphere formation and tumorigenesis in xenotransplanted mice. ALDH1+ is a stronger indicator for cell migration and tumor metastasis. Suppression of CD44 and ALDH1 by siRNA led to decreased tumorigenicity and cell migration capacity. The combination of high CD44/CD24 ratio and ALDH1+ would be a more reliable way to characterize CSCs. Moreover, both high CD44/CD24 ratio and ALDH1+ were conserved during metastasis, from the primary tumors to the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the distant metastases, suggesting the significant value of these CSC markers in assisting cancer detection, prognostic evaluation, and even cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Huailei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049
| | - Jin Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049.
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049.
| | - Yanlian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, P.R. China, 100049.
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11
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Kim WG, Lee J. Axillary Skip Metastases and the False-Negative Rate of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients With Breast Cancer Are Related to Negative ALDH-1 Expression and Ki-67 Expression. Int J Surg Pathol 2017; 25:397-405. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896917690024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been hypothesized to be the driving force behind tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the relationships between CSC expressions in primary breast cancers and corresponding metastatic sentinel and nonsentinel lymph nodes (SLNs and NSLNs). The clinical implications of these relationships were also investigated. CSC expressions were evaluated in 167 breast cancer specimens and associated lymph node biopsies (when present). We used double immunohistochemistry of CD44/CD24 and single immunohistochemistry of ALDH-1 on paraffin-embedded breast tissue, SLN, and NSLN specimens. Seven cases had metastatic NSLNs without SLN involvement—so-called “skip metastasis.” Fifty cases of SLNs (29.9%) and 33 cases of NSLNs (25.7%) had metastases. In the breast cancers, metastatic SLNs, and NSLNs, the expression rates of CD44+/CD24− were 47.9%, 26.1%, and 34.6 %, respectively, while the expression rates of ALDH-1+ were 42.5%, 36.4%, and 33.3%, respectively. Significant relationships were not observed between CSC expressions in breast cancer and metastatic SLNs or NSLNs. The presence of skip metastasis correlated with negative ALDH-1 in breast cancer ( P = .04), as well as several clinicopathologic factors: age >50 years ( P = .004), negative lymphovascular tumor emboli ( P = .02), and high Ki-67 expression ( P = .04). Axillary lymph node metastasis showed no significant relationship with any CSC marker. However, CD44+/CD24− and ALDH-1 expressions of metastatic SLNs correlated with CSCs of primary breast cancers. In summary, skip metastasis correlated with negative expression of ALDH-1 in primary breast cancers, which could be promising as a means of assessing the risk of skip metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Gyeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - JungSun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Shien T, Tanaka T, Tanabe M, Okumura Y, Masuda N, Yoshida A, Arima N, Komoike Y, Tanaka S, Iwase T, Taguchi T, Nakatsukasa K, Inaji H, Ishitobi M. Evaluation of ALDH1 expression in ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1071-1077. [PMID: 28454215 PMCID: PMC5403634 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker that is easily evaluable. The expression and clinical significance of ALDH1 in ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) has yet to be investigated. In the present study, the expression profile of ALDH1 and its correlation with prognosis in IBTR tissues was examined. Patients with IBTR from eight institutions were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine ALDH1 expression patterns in the tissue specimens of primary cancers and IBTRs. ALDH1 expression levels were investigated in 182 IBTR tumors, which included cases of invasive carcinoma selected from 271 consecutive patients with IBTR. ALDH1 was expressed in 23% of the IBTR tissue samples. The rate of concordant expression between primary cancer and IBTR tissues was 68%. There was no significant association between disease-free survival (DFS) and ALDH1 expression levels in IBTR. IBTRs that expressed ALDH1 and Ki-67 had a poorer prognosis and this expression pattern was significantly associated with DFS (P=0.0073). The percentages of ALDH1 positive expression in each tissue subtype were as follows: Luminal A, 20%; luminal B, 24%; human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), 35%; triple-negative, 21%. There was a significant correlation between DFS and ALDH1 expression levels in HER2-type IBTR tissue specimens (P=0.034). In conclusion, it is possible that ALDH1 and Ki-67 expression levels may be useful for predicting prognosis in patients with HER2-type tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Shien
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanabe
- Division of Breast Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okumura
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto 862-8505, Japan.,Department of Breast Oncology, Department of Pathology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto 862-8655, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka 540-0006, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshida
- Department of Breast Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Arima
- Department of Breast Oncology, Department of Pathology, Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, Kumamoto 862-8655, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto 862-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Komoike
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Satoru Tanaka
- Section of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwase
- Division of Breast Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of The Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taguchi
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Nakatsukasa
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Hideo Inaji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishitobi
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
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Miyoshi Y, Shien T, Ogiya A, Ishida N, Yamazaki K, Horii R, Horimoto Y, Masuda N, Yasojima H, Inao T, Osako T, Takahashi M, Tomioka N, Endo Y, Hosoda M, Doihara H, Miyoshi S, Yamashita H. Differences in expression of the cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 among estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative breast cancer cases with early, late, and no recurrence. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:73. [PMID: 27368476 PMCID: PMC4930566 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-016-0731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The significance of the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a cancer stem cell marker, for predicting the recurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer is still poorly understood. The value of ALDH1 in predicting the time of recurrence remains unknown. Methods In total, 184 patients with early distant recurrence, 134 patients with late distant recurrence, and 321 control patients without recurrence for more than 10 years after starting initial treatment for ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, registered in 9 institutions, were analyzed. We assessed relationships between ALDH1 and other clinicopathological features, and ALDH1 expression was compared among the three groups. The relationship between ALDH1 expression and overall survival after recurrence was also evaluated in each group. Results The rates of ALDH1 expression positivity (more than 1 %) in the early, late, and no recurrence groups were 18.4 %, 13.4 %, and 8.4 %, respectively. ALDH1 expression correlated significantly with lymph node metastases (p = 0.048) and the Ki-67 labeling index (p < 0.001) in the early recurrence group. Multivariate analysis revealed ALDH1 expression to be significantly higher in the early recurrence group than in the no recurrence group (adjusted OR 2.140, 95 % CI 1.144–4.003, p = 0.016). Moreover, there was a significant difference in ALDH1 expression between the early and no recurrence groups receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy (adjusted OR 4.625, 95 % CI 1.881–12.474, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference in ALDH1 expression between the late and no recurrence groups in univariate analysis (OR 1.507, 95 % CI 0.738–2.998, p = 0.253). In multivariate analysis, ALDH1 was not a factor independently predicting overall survival after the detection of recurrence (adjusted OR 1.451, 95 % CI 0.985–2.085, p = 0.059). Conclusions Among patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer, ALDH1 expression was more common in those with early recurrence, and this expression was found to be associated with a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype than that in the patients without recurrence. Further study is needed to clarify the prognostic significance of the heterogeneity of cancer stem cells and to confirm their role in resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Shien
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ogiya
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishida
- Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kieko Yamazaki
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Rie Horii
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Horimoto
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 3-1-3 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8431, Japan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Breast Oncology, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasojima
- Breast Oncology, Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Touko Inao
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Osako
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, 1-1-60 Kotoh, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8505, Japan.,Present address: Kumamoto Shinto General Hospital, 1-17-27 Shinyashiki, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, 862-8655, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Hokkaido Cancer Center, 4-2-3-54 Kikusui, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 003-0804, Japan
| | - Nobumoto Tomioka
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization (NHO) Hokkaido Cancer Center, 4-2-3-54 Kikusui, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 003-0804, Japan
| | - Yumi Endo
- Department of Oncology, Immunology and Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Mitsuchika Hosoda
- Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Doihara
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miyoshi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama-city, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamashita
- Breast Surgery, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8648, Japan
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Jin C, Zou T, Li J, Chen X, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang X, Che Y, Wang X, Sriplung H. Side population cell level in human breast cancer and factors related to disease-free survival. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:991-6. [PMID: 25735394 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Side population (SP) cells have stem cell-like properties with a capacity for self-renewal and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore the presence of SP cells in human breast cancer probably has prognostic value. OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of SP cells and identify the relationship between the SP cells levels and clinico-pathological parameters of the breast tumor and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 122 eligible breast cancer patients were consecutively recruited from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007 at Yunnan Tumor Hospital. All eligible subjects received conventional treatment and were followed up for seven years. Predictors of recurrence and/or metastasis and DFS were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Human breast cancer cells were also obtained from fresh human breast cancer tissue and cultured by the nucleic acid dye Hoechst33342 with Verapami. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed to isolate the cells of SP and non-SP types. RESULTS In this study, SP cells were identified using flow cytometric analysis with Hoechst 33342 dye efflux. Adjusted for age, tumor size, lymph nodal status, histological grade, the Cox model showed a higher risk of recurrence and/or metastasis positively associated with the SP cell level (1.75, 1.02-2.98), as well as with axillary lymph node metastasis (2.99, 1.76-5.09), pathology invasiveness type (1.7, 1.14-2.55), and tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) (1.54, 1.01-2.36). CONCLUSIONS The SP cell level is independently associated with tumor progression and clinical outcome after controlling for other pathological factors. The axillary lymph node status, TVDT and the status of non-invasive or invasive tumor independently predict the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cg Jin
- Cancer Research Institute, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, China E-mail :
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15
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Ju X, Lan J, Zou H, Li S, Qi Y, Jia W, Hu J, Liang W, Zhang W, Pang L, Li F. Clinicopathological significance of ALDH1A1 in lung, colorectal, and breast cancers: a meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:777-90. [PMID: 26230297 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) is a putative cancer stem cell marker. This meta-analysis evaluated ALDH1A1 expression's clinicopathological associations with lung cancer (LC), colorectal cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). MATERIALS & METHODS Publications were retrieved from various databases and assessed for relevance and quality. Relationships between ALDH1A1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated using Review Manager 5.2 software. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies were included (6057 patients). ALDH1A1 expression was significantly associated with the presence of LC; lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and differentiation in LC and BC; and molecular subtype in BC (p < 0.05). There were no significant association with BC tumor size and CRC. CONCLUSION ALDH1A1 may be a stem cell marker in LC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yixun Wang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Ju
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiaojiao Lan
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hong Zou
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Liang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology & Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic & Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
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Evaluation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and transcription factors in both primary breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastases as a prognostic factor. Breast Cancer 2015; 23:437-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-015-0583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Zhou F, Mu YD, Liang J, Liu ZX, Zhou D, Ning WL, Li YZ, Ding D, Zhang JF. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1: a specific cancer stem cell marker for human colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3894-9. [PMID: 25585687 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) a new understanding of tumor occurrence and development has evolved. According to the stem cell (SC) theory, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) SCs may be derived from mutations in normal intestinal cells. CSCs can be defined by their cell of origin (SCs or early progenitor cells). Thus, through a shared stem cell marker between CSCs and SCs, it is possible to investigate the association between its expression and the various clinicopathological features in patients with CRC. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is an appropriate marker. The present study was performed to examine the role of ALDH1 in CRC. Through indirect fluorescence antibody staining, the association between ALDH1 protein expression and various clinicopathological parameters was investigated. Furthermore, enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to investigate the differing content of ALDH1 between CRC tissues and normal colorectal tissues. The results revealed that ALDH1 expression was markedly associated with tumor stage, Dukes' stage and the level of tumor cell differentiation. Using ELISA, it was demonstrated that there was a greater level of ALDH1 in CRC tissue than in normal colorectal tissue. Therefore, ALDH1 levels can be used as a useful parameter for pathological evaluation of tissue histology and to predict disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Dong Mu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Breast Cancer, The First Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Long Ning
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zhen Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Ding
- Life and Technology College Affiliated to Mudanjiang Teachers College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, 157000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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18
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Liu Y, Lv DL, Duan JJ, Xu SL, Zhang JF, Yang XJ, Zhang X, Cui YH, Bian XW, Yu SC. ALDH1A1 expression correlates with clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis of breast cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:444. [PMID: 24938375 PMCID: PMC4070403 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in breast cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of this protein in breast cancer patients remains controversial. METHODS This meta-analysis was conducted to address the above issues using 15 publications covering 921 ALDH1A1(+) cases and 2353 controls. The overall and subcategory analyses were performed to detect the association between ALDH1A1 expression and clinicopathological/prognostic parameters in breast cancer patients. RESULTS The overall analysis showed that higher expression of ALDH1A1 is associated with larger tumor size, higher histological grade, greater possibility of lymph node metastasis (LNM), higher level expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and lower level expression of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR). The prognosis of breast cancer patients with ALDH1A1(+) tumors was poorer than that of the ALDH1A1(-) patients. Although the relationships between ALDH1A1 expression and some clinicopathological parameters (tumor size, LNM, and the expression of HER2) was not definitive to some degree when we performed a subcategory analysis, the predictive values of ALDH1A1 expression for histological grade and survival of breast cancer patients were significant regardless of the different cutoff values of ALDH1A1 expression, the different districts where the patients were located, the different clinical stages of the patients, the difference in antibodies used in the studies, and the surgery status. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ALDH1A1 is a biomarker to predict tumor progression and poor survival of breast cancer patients. This marker should be taken into consideration in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic program for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiu-wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Gong Y, Wang J, Huo L, Wei W, Ueno NT, Woodward WA. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 expression in inflammatory breast cancer as measured by immunohistochemical staining. Clin Breast Cancer 2014; 14:e81-8. [PMID: 24461456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive type of breast carcinoma. Despite multimodality approaches, the clinical outcome of patients with IBC remains poor. Tumors arising from cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a putative stem cell marker, in IBC tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tissue microarrays of 74 surgically resected IBC tumors were immunohistochemically stained for ALDH1. The results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival data and were compared with findings published in the literature. RESULTS The median follow-up time of the cohort was 42.1 months, and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was 46%. Twenty-four tumors (32%) were positive for ALDH1 staining. However, ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with clinicopathologic variables, including lymph node status, tumor grade, and the status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Log-rank testing found that ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with the OS rate, although there was a trend toward an association with lower OS rate (P = .07). The findings were consistent with some of the published data, but substantial inconsistency among reports was noted. CONCLUSION In this IBC cohort, no significant correlation between ALDH1 expression and prognosis or other clinicopathologic variables was found. Although sample size and selection criteria may be contributory factors, inconsistent results reported in the literature raise concern regarding the reliability of immunohistochemically identified ALDH1 as a sole marker of breast CSCs. Further study is required to elucidate the significance of CSCs in IBC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Jeff Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wendy A Woodward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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20
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Zhou F, Mu YD, Liang J, Liu ZX, Chen HS, Zhang JF. Expression and prognostic value of tumor stem cell markers ALDH1 and CD133 in colorectal carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2013; 7:507-512. [PMID: 24396478 PMCID: PMC3881922 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has improved the understanding of tumor occurrence and development. According to CSC theory, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) may be derived from these few cells. Thus, markers for CSCs may lead to the identification of CSCs and investigation of the correlation with various clinicopathological features and survival time in human CRC patients. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) and CD133 (also known as Prominin-1 or AC133) were involved in the current study. The aim of the present study was to identify CSCs through markers of CSCs and to explore the value of the CSC markers, ALDH1 and CD133, in human CRC. The correlation between ALDH1 and CD133 protein expression and the various clinicopathological parameters were investigated through immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, the Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate patients’ overall survival. Correlation of the survival differences between ALDH1- or CD133-positive expression and negative controls was analyzed by the log-rank test. Furthermore, the correlation between the expression of ALDH1 and CD133 was assessed by Spearman’s rank correlation. A marked correlation between the differentiation degree and expression of ALDH1 in tumor cells was demonstrated, but not with CD133 expression. In addition, it was demonstrated that low-stage tumors exhibit a higher expression of ALDH1 or CD133 staining compared with high-stage tumors. Meanwhile, CD133 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis-positive cases, but ALDH1 expression was not. Furthermore, compared with negative cases, ALDH1-positive patients exhibited a poor prognosis. However, no significant difference was identified between CD133-positive and -negative cases in terms of survival time. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that ALDH1 and CD133 may serve as useful markers of CSC to predict disease prognosis and clinicopathological characteristics of human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Qiqihar Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Dong Mu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Treatment Center of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Fei Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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21
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Ajani JA, Wang X, Song S, Suzuki A, Taketa T, Sudo K, Wadhwa R, Hofstetter WL, Komaki R, Maru DM, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Weston B, Baladandayuthapani V, Yao Y, Honjo S, Scott AW, Skinner HD, Johnson RL, Berry D. ALDH-1 expression levels predict response or resistance to preoperative chemoradiation in resectable esophageal cancer patients. Mol Oncol 2013; 8:142-9. [PMID: 24210755 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Operable thoracic esophageal/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma (EC) is often treated with chemoradiation and surgery but tumor responses are unpredictable and heterogeneous. We hypothesized that aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH-1) could be associated with response. METHODS The labeling indices (LIs) of ALDH-1 by immunohistochemistry in untreated tumor specimens were established in EC patients who had chemoradiation and surgery. Univariate logistic regression and 3-fold cross validation were carried out for the training (67% of patients) and validation (33%) sets. Non-clinical experiments in EC cells were performed to generate complimentary data. RESULTS Of 167 EC patients analyzed, 40 (24%) had a pathologic complete response (pathCR) and 27 (16%) had an extremely resistant (exCRTR) cancer. The median ALDH-1 LI was 0.2 (range, 0.01-0.85). There was a significant association between pathCR and low ALDH-1 LI (p ≤ 0.001; odds-ratio [OR] = 0.432). The 3-fold cross validation led to a concordance index (C-index) of 0.798 for the fitted model. There was a significant association between exCRTR and high ALDH-1 LI (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 3.782). The 3-fold cross validation led to the C-index of 0.960 for the fitted model. In several cell lines, higher ALDH-1 LIs correlated with resistant/aggressive phenotype. Cells with induced chemotherapy resistance upregulated ALDH-1 and resistance conferring genes (SOX9 and YAP1). Sorted ALDH-1+ cells were more resistant and had an aggressive phenotype in tumor spheres than ALDH-1- cells. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical and non-clinical data demonstrate that ALDH-1 LIs are predictive of response to therapy and further research could lead to individualized therapeutic strategies and novel therapeutic targets for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA.
| | - X Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - S Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - A Suzuki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - T Taketa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - K Sudo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - R Wadhwa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - W L Hofstetter
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - R Komaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - D M Maru
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - M S Bhutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - B Weston
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - V Baladandayuthapani
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - S Honjo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - A W Scott
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - H D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - R L Johnson
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
| | - D Berry
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston 77030, USA
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Nogami T, Shien T, Tanaka T, Doihara H, Taira N, Takabatake D, Nishimura R, Nishiyama K, Mizoo T, Ohsumi S. The discordance between primary breast cancer lesions and pulmonary metastatic lesions in expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive cancer cells. Breast Cancer 2013; 21:698-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-013-0445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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