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Rao H, Wang Q, Zeng X, Wen X, Huang L. Analysis of the prognostic value of uric acid on the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with primary liver cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:774-785. [PMID: 37646984 PMCID: PMC10869365 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uric acid (UA) plays a dual role as an antioxidant and a prooxidant in patients with malignant tumors; however, the relationship between serum UA and malignancy is currently unclear. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of serum uric acid level before immunotherapy on the efficacy of primary liver cancer (PLC) immunotherapy, which might provide a basis for optimizing the comprehensive treatment scheme. METHODS Patients with PLC who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical College from January 2019 to June 2022 and underwent immunotherapy were collected retrospectively. The difference between serum UA levels in patients with PLC, the correlation between serum UA levels, and the clinical characteristics of patients with PLC were analyzed using the chi-square test, and the survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. To further assess the prognostic significance of UA concentrations, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Ninety-nine patients were included in this study cohort. The median follow-up was 7 months (range: 1-29 months), and 76 (76.8%) of the 99 patients with PLC died as of December 31, 2022. Serum UA concentrations ranged from 105 to 670 μmol/l, with a median of 269 μmol/l. The results showed that the serum UA level of patients with PLC was higher than that of healthy subjects (P < 0.001). After subgroup analyses, only male patients with liver cancer had higher serum UA levels than healthy men (P = 0.001). The results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that higher UA levels were associated with poor overall survival (OS) (P = 0.005). In univariate analysis, the OS rate of patients with elevated serum UA levels was significantly lower than the cut-off value (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.191, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.456-6.993, P = 0.004), with a median survival time of 151 and 312 days in the high and low serum UA groups, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the UA level was an independent prognostic factor for immunotherapy in patients with PLC (HR: 3.131, 95% CI: 1.766-5.553, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The serum UA level is a reliable biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients undergoing immunotherapy for PLC, and might provide a basis for the individualized treatment of these patients. Dynamic monitoring of the serum UA level may compensate for the deficiency of the current liver cancer staging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 128, Jinling Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Nankang, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 128, Jinling Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuejiao Wen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 128, Jinling Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, No. 128, Jinling Road, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Medical Research Center for Cancer, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
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Hedayati-Moghadam M, Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Shabgah AG, Salmani H, Hosseini M. Vitamin E Prevented Hepatic and Renal Tissue Damage in Hypothyroid Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:75. [PMID: 37200753 PMCID: PMC10186051 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_275_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Considering antioxidant effects of vitamin E (Vit E), in the present study, the effect of Vit E on liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress parameters in tissues of these organs of hypothyroid (Hypo) rats were reported. Materials and Methods The animals were included in three groups:(1) control, (2) hypo, and (3) hypo-hypo-Vit E. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by giving 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water. Besides PTU, the rats in group 3 were daily injected with Vit E (20 mg/kg) for 42 days. The animals were deeply anesthetized and sacrificed, and the serum of the rats was immediately removed to measure thyroxin level and subsequent analysis. The liver and kidney tissues were also immediately removed for biochemical oxidative stress criteria. Results PTU administration reduced serum thyroxin level and also thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver and kidney tissues while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA). Hypothyroidism also increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine while decreasing albumin. Vit E increased thiol, SOD, and CAT in the liver and kidney tissues while diminished MDA. Vit E also decreased ALT, BUN, and creatinine while increased albumin. Conclusion The results of this study showed that Vit E prevented liver and renal tissue damage in hypothyroid rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Salmani
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Mahmoud Hosseini, Applied Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xing Y, Yang L, Liu J, Ma H. The Association with Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Uric Acid. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9720618. [PMID: 34938334 PMCID: PMC8687809 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9720618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and uric acid was not well established. This study aimed to determine if subclinical thyroid dysfunction is associated with hyperuricemia risk and to evaluate the levels of uric acid in patients with different forms of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. A systematic search was conducted in 4 databases to obtain relevant studies on subclinical thyroid dysfunction (subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism) and uric acid. The standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were used for evaluation, and the sensitivity analysis was conducted. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot, Egger's test, and Begg's test. A total of 73 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that serum levels of uric acid in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly higher than those of controls and patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Patients with subclinical thyroid dysfunction had a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia compared with normal clinical thyroid function. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction was associated with the prevalence of hyperuricemia. Different types of subclinical thyroid dysfunction had varied effects on serum levels of uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
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Eşme M, Bulur O, Atak MC, Balcı C, Dal K, Ertuğrul DT, Dikmen ZG, Halil MG, Cankurtaran M, Balam Doğu B. Treatment of hypothyroidism improves glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in geriatric patients. Turk J Med Sci 2021; 51:1267-1272. [PMID: 33705647 PMCID: PMC8283444 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2011-257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Renal function of patients with hypothyroidism increases after reaching euthyroid state. There is no data regarding geriatric age group. The aim of the study was determined to investigate whether renal function of geriatric patients with hypothyroidism increases after they become euthyroid. Materials and methods Patients who were sixty-five years or older were retrospectively screened in two centers. TSH, T3, T4, creatinine, and eGFR calculated by CKD-EPI formula were recorded under the presence of accompanying hypothyroidism. The same variables were recorded after the patients became euthyroid. Results 285 patients were included in the study, the median age was 73(65–84), and 234 patients were female. Patients were examined in four groups according to TSH values. There were 160 (56.1%) patients with TSH 5–9.9 uIU/mL, 60(21.1%) patients with TSH between 10–19.9 uIU/mL, 41(14.4 %) patients with TSH between 20–49.9 uIU/mL and 24(8.4%) patients with TSH> 50uIU/mL. There was a significant and negative correlation between the initial TSH values and the first calculated eGFR values (p: 0.001; r: –0.191). The median eGFR of the patients in hypothyroid cases was 66.59 (14.62–116.07), while the median eGFR value of patients was 69.6 (12.91–109.31) in the euthyroid state. This value obtained after thyroid replacement was significantly improved when compared to the first eGFR (p: 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, pretreatment TSH value was found to independently affect eGFR (p: 0.009; Exb: 1.017). Conclusion It has been observed that hypothyroidism treatment increases eGFR in geriatric patients. Similar results were obtained after studies with younger patients in the literature. This study is a study in which only geriatric age group patients were examined. It should be kept in mind that hypothyroidism which is not corrected in geriatric patients may also contribute to a decrease in eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Eşme
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oktay Bulur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Can Atak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cafer Balcı
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Dal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derun Taner Ertuğrul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Günnur Dikmen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Gülhan Halil
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cankurtaran
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balam Doğu
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kalra S, Aggarwal S, Khandelwal D. Thyroid Dysfunction and Dysmetabolic Syndrome: The Need for Enhanced Thyrovigilance Strategies. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:9641846. [PMID: 33859689 PMCID: PMC8024090 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9641846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is common in metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, kidney and liver dysfunctions, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) worsens glycemic control in patients with DM, and these patients, especially those with Type-1DM, have higher prevalence of TD. Both TD and DM increase CVD risk. Even minor alteration in thyroid hormone (TH) levels can alter cardiovascular function. While hyperthyroidism increases systolic blood pressure and leads to high-output heart failure, hypothyroidism increases diastolic blood pressure and leads to low-output heart failure. Chronic subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) and SHypo both increase the risk of hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD) events, CAD deaths, and total deaths. SHyper alters cardiac morphology and function. SHypo causes dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction and increases the risk for weight gain and obesity. Overweight and obese patients often have hyperleptinemia, which increases the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and induces TD. Dyslipidemia associated with TD can increase serum uric acid levels. Hyperuricemia promotes inflammation and may increase the risk for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and CVD. TD increases the risk for developing chronic kidney disease. In nephrotic syndrome, proteinuria is associated with urinary loss of TH leading to TD. Some correlation between TD and severity of liver disease is also seen. TD and PCOS have common risk factors and pathophysiological abnormalities. Hypothyroidism must be excluded before diagnosing PCOS. Current guidelines do not strongly recommend thyroid screening in the presence of all metabolic disorders. However, pragmatic thyrovigilance is required. Clinicians must stay alert to signs and symptoms of TD, maintain high clinical suspicion, and investigate thoroughly. Drug-induced TD should be considered when TH levels do not match clinical findings or when patients are on medications that can alter thyroid function.
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Bidirectional Interaction of Thyroid-Kidney Organs in Disease States. Int J Nephrol 2020; 2020:5248365. [PMID: 33343938 PMCID: PMC7728481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5248365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Thyroid hormones play an important role in growth, development, and physiology of the kidney. The kidney plays a key role in the metabolism, degradation, and excretion of thyroid hormones and its metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of disease states of thyroid-kidney organs and detecting the correlation between thyroid and kidney function abnormalities. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, a total of forty-five patients with thyroid and kidney dysfunction were investigated. Clinical features, laboratory data at initial presentation, management, and outcomes were collected. The paper has been written based on searching PubMed and Google Scholar to identify potentially relevant articles or abstracts. Median, percentage, mean ± standard deviation (SD), and the two-tailed t-test were used for statistical analyses. The correlation between variables was assessed by Pearson's, Spearman's correlation tests and regression analyses. Results The mean ± SD of age of study patients was 48.2 ± 22.93 years (ranging from 1 to 90 years). There was no correlation between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine levels with estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria. No association between antimicrosomal antibodies with estimated glomerular filtration rate was seen. Cardiovascular disease was the most common complication of overt hypothyroidism in kidney dysfunction patients. Conclusion The present study showed more prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in comparison with other thyroid dysfunctions in patients with kidney dysfunction. Reduced mean values of thyroid function profiles after treatment suggest that this thyroid disease should be considered and ameliorated with thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with kidney disease.
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Chao G, Zhu Y, Fang L. Retrospective Analysis of the Correlation between Uric Acid and Thyroid Hormone in People with Normal Thyroid Function. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:5904264. [PMID: 31360730 PMCID: PMC6642768 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5904264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study adopts the method of retrospective analysis to collect general information and laboratory results of physical examination population, hoping to clarify the correlation between uric acid and thyroid hormone. METHODS The subjects of the study were healthy subjects who underwent physical examination at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to the Medical College of Zhejiang University from January 2016 to December 2018. Demographic information and medical history of all subjects were recorded through an electronic health system. Serum uric acid (SUA) was grouped by quartiles. Statistical analyses were performed with R version 3.5.1. RESULTS A total of 48,526 subjects were included in the analysis. Gender ratio, age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FBG, HbA1c, TG, HDL-C, ALT, AST, FT3, FT4, and TSH were significantly different among the uric acid groups. The regression coefficients of SUA in the TSH, FT3, and FT4 regression models were B = 1.000 (95% CI 1.000-1.000, p = 0.009), B = 0.999 (95% CI 0.999-0.999, p < 0.001), and B = 1.001 (95% CI 1.001-1.001, p < 0.001), respectively. There was a significant dose-dependent relationship between FT4, FT3, and SUA gradient. CONCLUSIONS Under normal thyroid function, there were significant differences in TSH, FT3, and FT4 between groups with different uric acid levels. Uric acid levels were linearly correlated with FT3 and FT4, but not with TSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chao
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Lizheng Fang
- Department of General Practice, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, China
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Influence of radioactive iodine therapy on liver function in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39:1113-1120. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu X, Zhang J, Meng Z, Jia Q, Tan J, Zhang G, Li X, Liu N, Hu T, Zhou P, Zhang Q, Song K, Jia Q. Gender impact on the correlations between Graves' hyperthyroidism and hyperuricemia in Chinese. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:843-848. [PMID: 30506346 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An increased level of serum uric acid (SUA) can be observed in patients with hypothyroidism. Nonetheless, data on the relationship between hyperuricemia and hyperthyroidism was still controversial. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between Graves' hyperthyroidism and hyperuricemia in Chinese men and women. METHODS We recruited 103 male and 254 female patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism, as well as the same number of control subjects. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood tests were collected and analyzed statistically by binary logistic regressions to determine the risk of developing hyperuricemia in hyperthyroidism. RESULTS SUA levels in males were significantly higher than that in females in both patients and controls. SUA levels were also significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients compared to in controls in both genders. The incidence of hyperuricemia rose significantly in subjects with hyperthyroidism with a higher prevalence in males than in females. SUA was negatively correlated with age and fasting glucose in male hyperthyroid patients, while it was positively correlated with body height, body weight, free triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine in female patients. Hyperthyroidism was a risk factor for hyperuricemia with an odd ratio of 4.536 for men and 2.730 for women. CONCLUSIONS For hyperuricemia, hyperthyroidism was an important risk factor that should not be neglected, especially for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Jintang Road No. 83, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Jintang Road No. 83, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center of Public Health Ministry, Jintang Road No. 83, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingping Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Sayari S, Molaei Z, Torabi Z. The relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and serum levels of uric acid and creatinine in children aged 2-14 years. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 23:38-42. [PMID: 29609448 PMCID: PMC5894565 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2018.23.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that can lead to elevated levels of serum creatinine and uric acid by causing impaired renal function. Although many studies have been carried out on the relationship between overt hypothyroidism and renal function, few studies have been conducted on subclinical hypothyroidism and renal function, especially in pediatric patients. For this reason, we studied this issue in children, so as to provide a background for more useful research and future education. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 107 children aged 2-14 years, 56 children with subclinical hypothyroidism in the case group, and 51 healthy children in the control group presenting to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan and private clinics of Zanjan city. Thyroid stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, creatinine, and uric acid were measured in both groups of children after obtaining the necessary criteria for entering the study. RESULTS Compared to the control group, subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism had higher levels of creatinine (P=0.003), while serum uric acid levels in subclinical hypothyroid children was not significantly different from those in the control group (P=0.200). CONCLUSIONS In subclinical hypothyroidism in children, creatinine was higher than in euthyroid patients, but uric acid was not different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Sayari
- Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran,Address for correspondence: Saba Sayari, MD https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-128X Zanjan University of medical science, Mahdavi Blvd., Zanjan, Iran Tel: +98-2433440301-3 Fax: +98-2433449553 E-mail:
| | - Ziba Molaei
- Department of Pediatrics, Ayatollah Moussavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zohre Torabi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ayatollah Moussavi Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Ferreira C, Prestin K, Hussner J, Zimmermann U, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. PDZ domain containing protein 1 (PDZK1), a modulator of membrane proteins, is regulated by the nuclear receptor THRβ. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:215-225. [PMID: 28928085 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome wide association studies revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located within the promoter of PDZ domain containing protein 1 (PDZK1) to be associated with serum uric acid levels. Since modulation of transporters and particularly of membrane proteins involved in uric acid handling by PDZK1 has previously been reported, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the polymorphisms rs1967017, rs1471633, and rs12129861 on promoter activity and thereby transcription of PDZK1. Cell-based reporter gene assays showed transactivation of the PDZK1-promoter by triiodothyronine mediated by thyroid hormone receptors (THR) α and β. In silico analysis verified localization of the polymorphism rs1967017 within the most likely THR binding site whose deletion reduced THR-mediated transactivation. Furthermore, our study shows regulation of PDZK1 by thyroid hormones, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for the previously reported associations between thyroid hormone status and uric acid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celio Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Prestin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Hussner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biopharmacy, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Clinic for Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Duong N, Lee A, Lewis J. Case of acute mixed liver injury due to hypothyroidism. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-222373. [PMID: 29367365 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of hypothyroidism on the liver are not well understood. A 77-year-old woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had stopped taking levothyroxine on her own for 6 months. Her thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was consistent with severe hypothyroidism. She resumed thyroid replacement therapy. The following month, her liver function tests were significantly elevated. Seven weeks after resumption of therapy, her TSH and liver tests had returned to normal. We attribute the mixed hepatocellular injury to hypothyroidism that resolved on correction of the hypothyroid state. This case reminds us that thyroid disease should be considered when evaluating acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Duong
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alice Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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Shiralkar VV, Jagtap PE, Belwalkar GJ, Nagane NS, Dhonde SP. Effect of Steam Sauna Bath on Fasting Blood Glucose Level in Healthy Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yue CF, Feng PN, Yao ZR, Yu XG, Lin WB, Qian YM, Guo YM, Li LS, Liu M. High serum uric acid concentration predicts poor survival in patients with breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:160-165. [PMID: 28844462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism. Recently, uric acid has gained much attraction in cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of serum uric acid concentration in breast cancer patients. METHODS A total of 443 female patients with histopathologically diagnosed breast cancer were included. After a mean follow-up time of 56months, survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To further evaluate the prognostic significance of uric acid concentrations, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were applied. RESULTS Of the clinicopathological parameters, uric acid concentration was associated with age, body mass index, ER status and PR status. Univariate analysis identified that patients with increased uric acid concentration had a significantly inferior overall survival (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.15-3.94, p=0.016). In multivariate analysis, we found that high uric acid concentration is an independent prognostic factor predicting death, but insufficient to predict local relapse or distant metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that high uric acid concentration is related to the poor overall survival (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS High uric acid concentration predicts poor survival in patients with breast cancer, and might serve as a potential marker for appropriate management of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pin-Ning Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhen-Rong Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xue-Gao Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Bin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan-Min Qian
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yun-Miao Guo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Bulur O, Dal K, Ertugrul DT, Eser M, Kaplan Efe F, Karakaya S, Şahin K, Baser S, Ata N, Aybal Kutlugun A, Beyan E. Renal function improves with the treatment of hypothyroidism. Endocr Res 2017; 42:246-251. [PMID: 28287838 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2017.1293686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that thyroid hormones may affect renal function. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of levothyroxine replacement on renal function in hypothyroid patients before and after treatment. METHODS We retrospectively investigated free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), TSH, creatinine, and eGFR measurements during both hypothyroid and euthyroid states of hypothyroid patients. The eGFR was calculated using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. RESULTS fT3, fT4, and eGFR measurements increased, meanwhile creatinine and TSH levels decreased significantly after euthyroidism was achieved with levothyroxine treatment (p < 0.0001 for all). The correlation analyses revealed that ∆creatinine and ∆TSH levels were significantly correlated before and after levothyroxine treatment (r: 0.288, p < 0.0001). ∆eGFR and ∆TSH levels were significantly correlated before and after LT4 treatment (r: -0.272, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION In this study, we evaluated creatinine and eGFR levels in patients with hypothyroidism and found out that renal function improved in most patients after euthyroidism was achieved. In some patients, above-normal creatinine levels completely returned to normal once the patients became euthyroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktay Bulur
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kursat Dal
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Derun Taner Ertugrul
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Murat Eser
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatma Kaplan Efe
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakaya
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Kubilay Şahin
- c Department of Rheumatology , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Salih Baser
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Naim Ata
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Aysun Aybal Kutlugun
- d Department of Nephrology , Kecioren Teaching and Research , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey ; Hospital
| | - Esin Beyan
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Kecioren Teaching and Research Hospital , Kecioren , Ankara , Turkey
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Simeoni M, Cerantonio A, Pastore I, Liguori R, Greco M, Foti D, Gulletta E, Brunetti A, Fuiano G. The correct renal function evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunction. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:495-507. [PMID: 26511999 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction induces several renal derangements involving all nephron portions. Furthermore, dysthyroidism is a recognized risk factor associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. Current data, in fact, demonstrate that either subclinical or overt thyroid disease is associated with significant changes in creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, measured glomerular filtration rate and Cystatin C. Herein, we systematically reviewed several relevant studies aiming at the identification of the most sensitive and specific parameter for the correct renal function evaluation in patients with thyroid dysfunction, that are usually treated as outpatients. Our systematic review indicates that estimated glomerular filtration rate, preferably with CKD-EPI equation, appears to be the most reliable and wieldy renal function parameter. Instead, Cystatin C should be better used in the grading of thyroid dysfunction severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariadelina Simeoni
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy.
- University Campus 'Magna Graecia', Viale Europa-Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Cerantonio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Ida Pastore
- Endocrinology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Rossella Liguori
- Endocrinology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Marta Greco
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Daniela Foti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Elio Gulletta
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fuiano
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, 'Magna Graecia' University, 88100, Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Zhang J, Meng Z, Zhang Q, Liu L, Song K, Tan J, Li X, Jia Q, Zhang G, He Y. Gender impact on the correlations between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and hyperuricemia in Chinese. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:143-9. [PMID: 25875744 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-2867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can lead to hyperuricemia. However, few data are available regarding the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and hyperuricemia, especially from the perspective of gender impact. This study aimed to investigate the association between subclinical thyroid disorders and hyperuricemia with emphasized focuses on differences resulting from different gender. Eleven thousand four hundred forty-six healthy subjects (6870 male, 4576 female) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, with exclusions of known thyroid, renal, hepatic, gastrointestinal, or oncological diseases. Clinical data including anthropometric measurements, thyroid function, uric acid, renal and liver function were collected. The associations between thyroid function and hyperuricemia of males and females were analyzed separately. Prevalence of hyperuricemia was substantially higher in male (23.17%) than that in female (9.11%). Serum uric acid was correlated well with various factors, especially with creatinine, whose coefficients were 0.283 and 0.386 for males and females. The significantly elevated risk for hyperuricemia was observed in mild hypothyroidism male participants with an odd ratio of 1.49 (1.10-2.02), whereas no statistical risk was found in female. No meaningful risk was found in mild hyperthyroidism participants. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly depressed in both genders with mild hypothyroidism, while obviously increased in both genders with mild hyperthyroidism. For hyperuricemia, mild hypothyroidism is a risk factor in males while it is not in females. This difference could be caused by the protective effect of estrogen in females. Monitoring serum uric acid in subclinical hypothyroidism is more necessary in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaowei Meng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Song
- Department of Health Management, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guizhi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajing He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Heping District, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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The effect of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on sustaining liver and renal function in thyroid cancer patients during radioactive iodine therapy. Nucl Med Commun 2014; 35:727-32. [DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Welch-White V, Dawkins N, Graham T, Pace R. The impact of high fat diets on physiological changes in euthyroid and thyroid altered rats. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:100. [PMID: 23849139 PMCID: PMC3733864 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of adverse health with high fat intake has long been recognized. However, the lack of research focusing on the interrelationship of thyroid and liver function, and the pathogenesis of a high fat diet leaves these topics poorly understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the physiological changes in euthyroid and thyroid altered animal model fed saturated and unsaturated high fat diets. To achieve this objective adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 100) were fed one of five diets; a control or one of four test diets containing 25% saturated or unsaturated, and 37% saturated or unsaturated fats for a period of eight weeks. Each experimental group consisted of ten euthyroid and ten thyroid altered animals. An altered thyroid state was chemically induced with the addition of 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in the drinking water. Euthyroid animals fed high fat diets increased in body weights and body lengths, compared to thyroid altered animals (P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and asparte aminotransferase (AST) levels increased across all experimental groups. HbA1C values and urinary glucose values were within normal range for all animals. Liver morphology showed increased hepatic stellate (ito) and vacuole cells in thyroid altered animals. These findings suggest that altered thyroid status negatively impacts growth and weight gain, and simultaneously affected lipid metabolism, resulting in abnormal liver morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Welch-White
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Tuskegee University, 204 Campbell Hall, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
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Reza S, Shaukat A, Arain TM, Riaz QS, Mahmud M. Expression of osteopontin in patients with thyroid dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56533. [PMID: 23437160 PMCID: PMC3577911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunctions are common endocrine problems. They are often misdiagnosed, misunderstood, and frequently overlooked. These disorders affect almost every aspect of health. Most of them remain undetected because the clinical assessment alone lacks both sensitivity and specificity. As it is not sufficient enough we require the biochemical tests to confirm the diagnosis. As a consequence there is still great interest in new biomarkers that complement existing diagnostic tools. Osteopontin, a glycoprotein that can be detected in plasma, was found to be upregulated in several patients with hyperthyroidism and downregulated in hypothyroid patients so it may represent a new biomarker. 100 patients with thyroid dysfunctions (50 hyperthyroid, 50 hypothyroid) and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Osteopontin and other clinical parameters for diagnosis of thyroid disorders were measured. Osteopontin is positively correlated with T3 and T4 (r = 0.62 and r = 0.75 respectively) while it is negatively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (r = -0.52) showing a significant correlation (p-value <0.001). Our findings suggest that osteopontin might be useful as a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with impaired thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Reza
- Pathology Department, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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