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Sandhya G, Monisha S, Singh S, Stezin A, Diwakar L, Issac TG. Hyperhomocysteinemia and its effect on ageing and language functions - HEAL study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20101. [PMID: 39209902 PMCID: PMC11362510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia or high levels (> 15 µmol/L) of homocysteine (Hcy)in the blood has been suggested to affect the brain through vascular and neurodegenerative pathways and potentially impact cognition. The current study aims to explore the association of high homocysteine with cognition and brain volume changes in a cohort of middle and old agedr adults. The study recruited 1296 participants aged ≥ 45 years from Tata Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TLSA), an ongoing cohort study. The participants underwent detailed cognitive assessments using Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) and Computerized Assessment of Adult Information Processing (COGNITO) neuropsychological battery and MR imaging using a 3T scanner. The participants were classified based on the median homocysteine level (16.89 µmol/L) into low Hcy (≤ median) and high Hcy (> median) groups. When adjusted for age, gender, years of education, vitamin B12, folate and dyslipidaemia, Generalised Linear Model (GLM) found a significant association of high Hcy with vocabulary task [β (95% CI) - 1.354 (- 2.655, - 0.052); p = 0.041]. Significant associations was also obtained between cerebral white matter volume and high Hcy [β (95% CI) - 5617.182 (- 11062.762, - 173.602); p = 0.043]. The results suggest that people with high Hcy levels performed poorer in cognitive tasks related to language domain and had lesser cerebral white matter volume. This indicates that homocysteine might have a profound impact on brain structure as well as function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sandhya
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Monisha
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sadhana Singh
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Albert Stezin
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Latha Diwakar
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Majumder A. Targeting Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide Balance as Future Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37627515 PMCID: PMC10451792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with oxidative/ER stress, apoptosis, and impairment of angiogenesis, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to reverse this condition. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells need to produce a high level of endogenous H2S to maintain cell proliferation, growth, viability, and migration. However, any novel mechanism that targets this balance of Hcy and H2S production has yet to be discovered or exploited. Cells require homocysteine metabolism via the methionine cycle for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reductive metabolism, and this pathway supports the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Although the methionine cycle favors cancer cells for their survival and growth, this metabolism produces a massive amount of toxic Hcy that somehow cancer cells handle very well. Recently, research showed specific pathways important for balancing the antioxidative defense through H2S production in cancer cells. This review discusses the relationship between Hcy metabolism and the antiapoptotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects of H2S in different cancer types. It also summarizes the historical understanding of targeting antioxidative defense systems, angiogenesis, and other protective mechanisms of cancer cells and the role of H2S production in the genesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer. This review defines a nexus of diet and precision medicine in targeting the delicate antioxidative system of cancer and explores possible future therapeutics that could exploit the Hcy and H2S balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Khan MS, Saeedullah A, Andrews SC, Iqbal K, Qadir SA, Shahzad B, Ahmed Z, Shahzad M. Adolescent Afghan Refugees Display a High Prevalence of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Associated Micronutrients Deficiencies Indicating an Enhanced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Later Life. Nutrients 2022; 14:1751. [PMID: 35565715 PMCID: PMC9105069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research evidence suggests that elevated homocysteine level (hyperhomocysteinemia) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for hyperhomocysteinemia among adolescent Afghan refugees aged 10−19 years. In total, 206 healthy adolescent boys and girls were randomly recruited from a refugee village in Peshawar, Pakistan, in 2020. Socio-demographic data, anthropometric assessment, and blood sample collection were performed following standard methods. Serum homocysteine was assessed using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, with hyperhomocysteinemia defined as levels ≥ 15 µmol/L. The overall prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia was 25%, with mean homocysteine levels significantly (p = 0.004) higher among boys (14.1 µmol/L) than girls (11.8 µmol/L). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between hyperhomocysteineimia and serum levels of vitamin B12 (OR 0.29; 95% CI of 0.14 to 0.62; p < 0.01) and folate (OR 0.1; 95% CI of 0.03 to 0.27; p < 0.001). Overall, our study findings indicate high prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia among adolescent Afghan refugees who are potentially at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in future. There is a dire need to develop and implement nutritional and public health strategies to control hyperhomocysteinemia, protect against related diseases and complications in future, and ensure healthy lives and well-being among these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shabir Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Anum Saeedullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Canal Road University Town, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Simon C. Andrews
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Syed Abdul Qadir
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Hayat Abad Phase 5, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (M.S.K.); (K.I.); (S.A.Q.); (B.S.)
- School of Biological Sciences, Health and Life Sciences Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
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Ma C, Li L, Wang X, Hou L, Xia L, Yin Y, Cheng X, Qiu L. Establishment of Reference Interval and Aging Model of Homocysteine Using Real-World Data. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846685. [PMID: 35433869 PMCID: PMC9005842 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The level of Homocysteine (Hcy) in males is generally higher than that of females, but the same reference interval (RI) is often used in clinical practice. This study aims to establish a sex-specific RI of Hcy using five data mining algorithms and compare these results. Furthermore, age-related continuous RI was established in order to show the relationship between Hcy concentration distribution and age. Methods A total of 20,801 individuals were included in the study and Tukey method was used to identify outliers in subgroups by sex and age. Multiple linear regression and standard deviation ratio (SDR) was used to determine whether the RI for Hcy needs to be divided by sex and age. Five algorithms including Hoffmann, Bhattacharya, expectation maximization (EM), kosmic and refineR were utilized to establish the RI of Hcy. Generalized Additive Models for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) algorithm was used to determine the aging model of Hcy and calculate the age-related continuous RI. Results RI of Hcy needed to be partitioned by sex (SDR = 0.735 > 0.375). RIs established by Hoffmann, Bhattacharya, EM (for females) and kosmic are all within the 95% CI of reference limits established by refine R. The Sex-specific aging model of Hcy showed that the upper limits of the RI of Hcy declined with age beginning at age of 18 and began to rise approximately after age of 40 for females and increased with age for males. Conclusion The RI of Hcy needs to be partitioned by sex. The RIs established by the five data mining algorithms showed good consistency. The dynamic sex and age-specific model of Hcy showed the pattern of Hcy concentration with age and provide more personalized tools for clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Public Health College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li’an Hou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyu Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinqi Cheng,
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ling Qiu,
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Concepción Alvarez A, Camayd Viera I, Vento Buigues L, Fernández Martínez Y, Hernández E, Marín Padrón LC, Pérez Rodríguez J, Gámez Torres G. Reference values of plasma homocysteine in Cuban children and adults. J LAB MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2019-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a nonessential amino acid, produced by the demethylation of methionine. High Hcy levels, or hyperhomocysteinemia, have been associated with genetic and multifactorial diseases. Hcy reference values may vary between different populations, as Hcy levels are affected by factors such as sex, age, diet, smoking, and coffee consumption. The estimation reference interval (RI) allows to establish the normal values of this marker in population. At present, these levels are unknown in Cuba. The aim of this work is to estimate the Hcy reference intervals in Cuban children and adults.
Methods
Total Hcy concentration was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in plasma. Hcy levels were evaluated in samples from 507 healthy individuals (260 children, 247 adults).
Results
RIs were estimated by nonparametric methods. We found significant differences between both age groups, but we did not find significant differences between sexes, within these groups. The established ranges were 2.56–14.55 µM and 3.63–17.19 µM for children and adults, respectively. Also, we observed a weak association between Hcy levels and age in both sex groups.
Conclusions
This is the first study that assesses Hcy reference values in Cuban population. Our results will allow the introduction of Hcy as a biochemical marker in laboratory testing.
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Age dependent levels of plasma homocysteine and cognitive performance. Behav Brain Res 2015; 283:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lahiri KD, Mukherjee S, Ghosh S, Mukherjee S, Dutta J, Datta H, Das HN. Hyperhomocysteinemia, a biochemical tool for differentiating ischemic and nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion during the early acute phase. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015; 29:86-91. [PMID: 25829824 PMCID: PMC4369522 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2015.29.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to differentiate ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) from nonischemic CRVO during the early acute phase using plasma homocysteine as a biochemical marker. METHODS Fasting plasma homocysteine, serum vitamin B12, and folate levels were measured in 108 consecutive unilateral elderly adult (age >50 years) ischemic CRVO patients in the absence of local and systemic disease and compared with a total of 144 age and sex matched nonischemic CRVO patients and 120 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. RESULTS Homocysteine level was significantly increased in the patients with ischemic CRVO in comparison with nonischemic CRVO patients (p = 0.009) and also in comparison with control subjects (p < 0.001). Analysis also showed that hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with increased incidence of ischemic CRVO (odds ratio, 18) than that for nonischemic CRVO (odds ratio, 4.5). Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in CRVO patients compared to the control but were not significantly different between nonischemic and ischemic CRVO patients (p > 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia can be regarded as useful in differentiating nonischemic and ischemic CRVO during the early acute phase in absence of local and systemic disease in the elderly adult (age >50 years) population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Deb Lahiri
- Department of Biochemistry, ESI-PGIMSR & ESIC Medical College Joka, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sambuddha Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, North Bengal Medical College, Siliguri, India
| | - Suman Mukherjee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Dutta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata, India
| | - Himadri Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Kolkata, India
| | - Harendra Nath Das
- Department of Biochemistry, RG Kar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
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