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Bordbar S, Alijanzadeh D, Samieefar N, Khazeei Tabari MA, Pourbakhtyaran E, Rezaei N. The Role of Alpha-Synuclein in Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04305-2. [PMID: 38949729 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of diseases with cognitive, motor, and emotional development deficits. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is a synaptic protein involved in transmission and neurodevelopment. This protein was previously shown to be associated with several disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, a close link between neurodevelopmental disorders and Parkinson's has also been found. Changes in synaptic function have been noticed in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Impaired neurogenesis and related cognitive problems have been associated with altered expression of α-syn. Various studies reported α-syn in different body fluids and tissues such as blood and serum. Alpha-synuclein can help in better understanding the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental diseases and facilitating their early diagnosis. This review aims to go over the recent advances in the role of α-syn in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and motor and social impairment, and its value as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Bordbar
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417755331, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Alijanzadeh
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elham Pourbakhtyaran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Santos-García D, Martínez-Valbuena I, Agúndez JAG. Alpha-Synuclein in Peripheral Tissues as a Possible Marker for Neurological Diseases and Other Medical Conditions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37627328 PMCID: PMC10452242 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The possible usefulness of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) determinations in peripheral tissues (blood cells, salivary gland biopsies, olfactory mucosa, digestive tract, skin) and in biological fluids, except for cerebrospinal fluid (serum, plasma, saliva, feces, urine), as a marker of several diseases, has been the subject of numerous publications. This narrative review summarizes data from studies trying to determine the role of total, oligomeric, and phosphorylated aSyn determinations as a marker of various diseases, especially PD and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In summary, the results of studies addressing the determinations of aSyn in its different forms in peripheral tissues (especially in platelets, skin, and digestive tract, but also salivary glands and olfactory mucosa), in combination with other potential biomarkers, could be a useful tool to discriminate PD from controls and from other causes of parkinsonisms, including synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
| | - Diego Santos-García
- Department of Neurology, CHUAC—Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Iván Martínez-Valbuena
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - José A. G. Agúndez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (J.A.G.A.)
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Choi J, Kim SY, Kim H, Lim BC, Hwang H, Chae JH, Kim KJ, Oh S, Kim EY, Shin JS. Serum α-synuclein and IL-1β are increased and correlated with measures of disease severity in children with epilepsy: potential prognostic biomarkers? BMC Neurol 2020; 20:85. [PMID: 32151248 PMCID: PMC7061464 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for noninvasive biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration has focused on various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. We sought to determine whether α-synuclein and cytokines are correlated with the degree of neuroinflammation and/or neurodegeneration in children with epilepsy and with acquired demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), as a prototype of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders. METHODS We analyzed serum and exosome levels of α-synuclein and serum proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines among 115 children with epilepsy and 10 acquired demyelinating disorders of the CNS and compared to 146 controls. Patients were enrolled prospectively and blood was obtained from patients within 48 h after acute afebrile seizure attacks or relapse of neurological symptoms. Acquired demyelinating disorders of the CNS include acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, and transverse myelitis. The controls were healthy age-matched children. The serum exosomes were extracted with ExoQuick exosome precipitation solution. Serum α-synuclein levels and serum levels of cytokines including IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured using single and multiplex ELISA kits. Data were analyzed and compared with measures of disease severity, such as age at disease onset, duration of disease, and numbers of antiepileptic drug in use. RESULTS Serum α-synuclein levels were significantly increased in patients with epilepsy and acquired demyelinating disorders of the CNS compared to controls (both, p < 0.05) and showed correlation with measures of disease severity both in epilepsy (p < 0.05, r = 0.2132) and in acquired demyelinating disorders of the CNS (p < 0.05, r = 0.5892). Exosome α-synuclein showed a significant correlation with serum α-synuclein (p < 0.0001, r = 0.5915). Serum IL-1β levels were correlated only with the numbers of antiepileptic drug used in children with epilepsy (p < 0.001, r = 0.3428), suggesting drug resistant epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in children demonstrating that serum α-synuclein levels were significantly increased in children with epilepsy and with acquired demyelinating disorders of the CNS and correlated with measures of disease severity. Serum IL-1β levels showed significant correlation only with drug resistance in children with epilepsy. Thus, these data support that serum levels of α-synuclein and IL-1β are potential prognostic biomarkers for disease severity in children with epilepsy. CNS, central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramaero 5 gil 20, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hunmin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Joong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Boramaero 5 gil 20, Dongjakgu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro Seodaemoon-gu Seoul, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Alves CB, Almeida AS, Marques DM, Faé AHL, Machado ACL, Oliveira DL, Portela LVC, Porciúncula LO. Caffeine and adenosine A 2A receptors rescue neuronal development in vitro of frontal cortical neurons in a rat model of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Neuropharmacology 2019; 166:107782. [PMID: 31756336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although some studies have supported the effects of caffeine for treatment of Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there were no evidences about its effects at the neuronal level. In this study, we sought to find morphological alterations during in vitro development of frontal cortical neurons from Spontaneoulsy hypertensive rats (SHR, an ADHD rat model) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, control strain). Further, we investigated the effects of caffeine and adenosine A1 and A2A receptors (A1R and A2AR) signaling. Cultured cortical neurons from WKY and SHR were analyzed by immunostaining of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and tau protein after treatment with either caffeine, or A1R and A2AR agonists or antagonists. Besides, the involvement of PI3K and not PKA signaling was also assessed. Neurons from ADHD model displayed less neurite branching, shorter maximal neurite length and decreased axonal outgrowth. While caffeine recovered neurite branching and elongation from ADHD neurons via both PKA and PI3K signaling, A2AR agonist (CGS 21680) promoted more neurite branching via PKA signaling. The selective A2AR antagonist (SCH 58261) was efficient in recovering axonal outgrowth from ADHD neurons through PI3K and not PKA signaling. For the first time, frontal cortical neurons were isolated from ADHD model and they presented disturbances in the differentiation and outgrowth. By showing that caffeine and A2AR may act at neuronal level rescuing ADHD neurons outgrowth, our findings strengthen the potential of caffeine and A2AR receptors as an adjuvant for ADHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catiane B Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Amanda S Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Daniela M Marques
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Ana Helena L Faé
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Ana Carolina L Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Diogo L Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Luis Valmor C Portela
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Anexo, Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, 90035-003.
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Fluegge K. A model of lipid dysregulation and altered nutrient status in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:139-145. [PMID: 31065583 PMCID: PMC6495090 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dysregulated lipid metabolism and nutrient status are thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise involvement is not well understood, and it remains unclear exactly how such dysregulated lipid metabolism and altered nutrient status, especially changes in phosphatidylcholine, B12, and folate, are connected to the hallmark pathology in AD (i.e., amyloidogenesis). METHODS We have postulated that genetic susceptibility (i.e., APOE ε4/ε4) to environmental exposure to emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) could underlie the onset of AD and its early neuropsychiatric correlates. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The current theoretical editorial describes, using clinical, preclinical, and in vitro evidences, how this model contributes not only to amyloidogenesis but also other nonopioid effects, specifically altered lipid metabolism, depletion of vitamin B12, and disruption of the folate-mediated one carbon metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Columbus OH 43220
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Fluegge K. Tau Protein Levels in ADHD. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:237-239. [PMID: 31093001 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0747-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH 44118 USA
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