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Szyszka-Mroz B, Ivanov AG, Trick CG, Hüner NPA. Palmelloid formation in the Antarctic psychrophile, Chlamydomonas priscuii, is photoprotective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911035. [PMID: 36119589 PMCID: PMC9470844 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cultures of the obligate, Antarctic psychrophile, Chlamydomonas priscuii grown at permissive low temperature (8°C) are composed of flagellated, single cells, as well as non-motile, multicellular palmelloids. The relative proportions of the two cell types are temperature dependent. However, the temperature dependence for palmelloid formation is not restricted to psychrophilic C. priscuii but appears to be a general response of mesophilic Chlamydomonas species (C. reinhardtii and C. raudensis) to non-permissive growth temperatures. To examine potential differences in photosynthetic performance between single cells versus palmelloids of the psychrophile, a cell filtration technique was developed to separate single cells from palmelloids of C. priscuii grown at 8°C. Flow cytometry was used to estimate the diameter of isolated single cells (≤5 μm) versus isolated palmelloids of varying size (≥8 μm). Compared to single cells, palmelloids of C. priscuii showed a decrease in the abundance of light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) proteins with a 2-fold higher Chl a/b ratio. A decrease in both lutein and β-carotene in palmelloids resulted in carotenoid pools which were 27% lower in palmelloids compared to single cells of the psychrophile. Chlorophyll fluorescence analyses of the isolated fractions revealed that maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was comparable for both single cells and palmelloids of C. priscuii. However, isolated palmelloids exhibited lower excitation pressure, measured as 1 - qL, but higher yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and 50% higher rates of electron transport (ETR) than single cells exposed to high light at 8°C. This decreased sensitivity to high light in isolated palmelloids compared to single cells was associated with greater non-regulated dissipation of excess absorbed energy (ΦNO) with minimal differences in ΦNPQ in C. priscuii in response to increasing irradiance at low temperature. The ratio ΦNO/ΦNPQ observed for isolated palmelloids of C. priscuii developed at 8°C (1.414 ± 0.036) was 1.38-fold higher than ΦNO/ΦNPQ of isolated single cells (1.021 ± 0.018) exposed to low temperature combined with high light (1,000 μmol m-2 s-1). The differences in the energy quenching capacities between palmelloids and single cells are discussed in terms of enhanced photoprotection of C. priscuii palmelloids against low-temperature photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Szyszka-Mroz
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander G. Ivanov
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Charles G. Trick
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Norman P. A. Hüner
- Department of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Sun Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Yang X, Zhai H, Du Y. Stimulation of cyclic electron flow around PSI as a response to the combined stress of high light and high temperature in grape leaves. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1038-1045. [PMID: 32291003 DOI: 10.1071/fp17269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cyclic electron flow (CEF) around PSI activity after exposing grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seedling leaves to the combined stress of high temperature (HT) and high light (HL) were investigated. The PSII potential quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased significantly under exposure to HT, and this decrease was greater when HT was combined with HL, whereas the PSI activity maintained stable. HT enhanced CEF mediated by NAD(P)H dehydrogenase remarkably. Compared with the control leaves, the half-time of P700+ re-reduction decreased during the HT treatment; this decrease was even more pronounced under the combined stress, implying significantly enhanced CEF as a result of the treatment. However, the heat-induced increase in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) was greater under HL, accompanied by a greater enhancement in high-energy state quenching. These results suggest that the combined stress of HT and HL resulted in severe PSII photoinhibition, whereas CEF showed plasticity in its response to environmental stress and played an important role in PSII and PSI photoprotection through accelerating generation of the thylakoid proton gradient and the induction of NPQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yulu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xinghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
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Zivcak M, Brestic M, Kunderlikova K, Sytar O, Allakhverdiev SI. Repetitive light pulse-induced photoinhibition of photosystem I severely affects CO2 assimilation and photoprotection in wheat leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015. [PMID: 25829027 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0121-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
It was previously found that photosystem I (PSI) photoinhibition represents mostly irreversible damage with a slow recovery; however, its physiological significance has not been sufficiently characterized. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of PSI photoinhibition on photosynthesis in vivo. The inactivation of PSI was done by a series of short light saturation pulses applied by fluorimeter in darkness (every 10 s for 15 min), which led to decrease of both PSI (~60 %) and photosystem II (PSII) (~15 %) photochemical activity. No PSI recovery was observed within 2 days, whereas the PSII was fully recovered. Strongly limited PSI electron transport led to an imbalance between PSII and PSI photochemistry, with a high excitation pressure on PSII acceptor side and low oxidation of the PSI donor side. Low and delayed light-induced NPQ and P700(+) rise in inactivated samples indicated a decrease in formation of transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH), which was confirmed also by analysis of electrochromic bandshift (ECSt) records. In parallel with photochemical parameters, the CO2 assimilation was also strongly inhibited, more in low light (~70 %) than in high light (~45 %); the decrease was not caused by stomatal closure. PSI electron transport limited the CO2 assimilation at low to moderate light intensities, but it seems not to be directly responsible for a low CO2 assimilation at high light. In this regard, the possible effects of PSI photoinhibition on the redox signaling in chloroplast and its role in downregulation of Calvin cycle activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Zivcak M, Brestic M, Kunderlikova K, Sytar O, Allakhverdiev SI. Repetitive light pulse-induced photoinhibition of photosystem I severely affects CO2 assimilation and photoprotection in wheat leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 126:449-63. [PMID: 25829027 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
It was previously found that photosystem I (PSI) photoinhibition represents mostly irreversible damage with a slow recovery; however, its physiological significance has not been sufficiently characterized. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of PSI photoinhibition on photosynthesis in vivo. The inactivation of PSI was done by a series of short light saturation pulses applied by fluorimeter in darkness (every 10 s for 15 min), which led to decrease of both PSI (~60 %) and photosystem II (PSII) (~15 %) photochemical activity. No PSI recovery was observed within 2 days, whereas the PSII was fully recovered. Strongly limited PSI electron transport led to an imbalance between PSII and PSI photochemistry, with a high excitation pressure on PSII acceptor side and low oxidation of the PSI donor side. Low and delayed light-induced NPQ and P700(+) rise in inactivated samples indicated a decrease in formation of transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH), which was confirmed also by analysis of electrochromic bandshift (ECSt) records. In parallel with photochemical parameters, the CO2 assimilation was also strongly inhibited, more in low light (~70 %) than in high light (~45 %); the decrease was not caused by stomatal closure. PSI electron transport limited the CO2 assimilation at low to moderate light intensities, but it seems not to be directly responsible for a low CO2 assimilation at high light. In this regard, the possible effects of PSI photoinhibition on the redox signaling in chloroplast and its role in downregulation of Calvin cycle activity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Kristyna Kunderlikova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska St. 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Brestic M, Zivcak M, Kunderlikova K, Sytar O, Shao H, Kalaji HM, Allakhverdiev SI. Low PSI content limits the photoprotection of PSI and PSII in early growth stages of chlorophyll b-deficient wheat mutant lines. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:151-66. [PMID: 25648638 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In vivo analyses of electron and proton transport-related processes as well as photoprotective responses were carried out at different stages of growth in chlorophyll b (Chl b)-deficient mutant lines (ANK-32A and ANK-32B) and wild type (WT) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In addition to a high Chl a-b ratio, ANK mutants had a lower content of photo-oxidizable photosystem I (PSI, P m), and several parameters indicated a low PSI/PSII ratio. Moreover, simultaneous measurements of Chl fluorescence and P700 indicated a shift of balance between redox poise of the PSII acceptor side and the PSII donor side, with preferential reduction of the plastoquinone pool, resulting in an over reduced PSI acceptor side (high Φ NA values). This was the probable reason for PSI inactivation observed in the ANK mutants, but not in WT. In later growth phases, we observed partial relief of "chlorina symptoms," toward WT. Measurements of ΔA 520 decay confirmed that, in early growth stages, the ANK mutants with low PSI content had a limited capacity to build up the transthylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) needed to trigger non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and to regulate the electron transport by cytochrome b 6/f. Later, the increase in the PSI/PSII ratio enabled ANK mutants to reach full NPQ, but neither over reduction of the PSI acceptor side nor PSI photoinactivation due to imbalance between the activity of PSII and PSI was mitigated. Thus, our results support the crucial role of proper regulation of linear electron transport in the protection of PSI against photoinhibition. Moreover, the ANK mutants of wheat showing the dynamic developmental changes in the PSI/PSII ratio are presented here as very useful models for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic,
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